ARELLANO UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF LAW

SYLLABUS FOR REMEDIAL LAW REVIEW 2

Covers Provisional Remedies, Special Civil Actions,
Special Proceedings and Evidence
SY 2022-2023
Atty. Jesus A. Obra

I. PROVISIONAL REMEDIES (Rules 57-61)

A.Preliminary Attachment (R-57)

1. Grounds (S-1)
2. Requirements (S-3)
3. Manner of Attaching (S-5)
4. Discharge of Attachment (S-5, 12, 13)
5. Third Party Claim (S-14)
6. Claim for Damages (S-20)
Cases:
1. Lim Jr. Vs. Lazaro, 700 SCRA
2. Ligon vs. RTC of Makati, Br. 56, 717 SCRSA
3. Mangila vs. CA, 387 SCRA
4. Chuidian vs. Sandiganbayan, 349 SCRA
5. Alejandro Ng Wee vs. Tankiansee, 545 SCRA
6. Torres vs. Satsatin, 605 SCRA
7. Luzon Dev. Bank vs. Krishman, 755 SCRA,
April 13, 2015
8. Northern Luzon Island Co. vs. Garcia, 753
SCRA 603
9. Watercraft Venture Corp. vs. Wolfe, 770 SCRA
179
10. Phil. Airconditioning Center vs. RCJ Lines,
775 SCRA 265
B.Preliminary Injunction (R-58)
1. Definition, Classes (S-1)
2. Grounds (S-3); TRO
3. Requirements (S-4)

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 4. Damages (S-8)

Cases:
1. Idolor vs. CA, 351 SCRA
2. Gustilo vs. Real, 353 SCRA
3. Lagrosas vs. Bristo-Myers, 565 SCRA
4. Jenosa vs. Delariarte, 630 SCRA
5. Solid Builders Inc. vs. China Bank, 695 SCRA,
4/3/13
6. Knights of Rizal vs. DMCI Homes, Inc., 824
SCRA (2017)
7. Novecio vs. Lim; 754 SCRA 111
8. Cayabyab vs. Dimson, 830 SCRA 520
9. Republic vs. Cortez, 769 SCRA 267
10. AMA Land, Inc. vs. Wack-Wack Residents’
Assoc., Inc. 831 SCRA 328 (requisites for
Injunction)

- What cases/subject matters proscribe injunctive

relief?

C.Receivership (R-59)
1. When writ may issue (S-1)
2. Requirements (S-2)
3. Power of receiver (S-6)
4. Termination and Compensation (S-8)
Cases:
1. Larrobis, Jr. vs. Phil Veterans Bank, 440
SCRA
2. Chavez vs. CA, 610 SCRA
3. Koruga vs. Arcenas, 590 SCRA
4. Tantano vs. Espina-Caboverde, 702
SCRA – 7/29/13
D.Replevin (R-60)
1. When writ may issue (S-1)
2. Requirements (S-2)
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 3. Third Party Claim (S-7)
4. Judgement and Damages (S-9, 10)
Cases:
1. Orosa vs. CA, 329 SCRA (No Doctrine)
2. Smart Communications vs. Astorga, 542
SCRA
3. Hao vs. Andres, 555 SCRA
4. Navarro vs. Escobido, 606 SCRA
5. Agner vs. BPI Family Savings Bank, 697
SCRA, 6/3/13

E. Support (R-61)
1. Application for Support Pendente Lite (S-1)
2. Comment, Hearing, Order (S-2,3,4)
3. Enforcement of Order (S-5)
4. Restitution (S-7)
Cases:
1. De Asis vs. CA, 303 SCRA
2. People vs. Manahan, 315 SCRA
3. Lim vs. Lim, 604 SCRA
4. Gotardo vs. Buling, 678 SCRA
5. Republic vs. Yahon, 726 SCRA 438
6. Del Socorro vs. Van Wilsem, 744 SCRA
516
7. Lim-Lua vs. Lua, 697 SCRA
8. Salas vs. Matusalem, 705 SCRA 560
9. Abella vs. Cabanero, 836 SCRA 453
(2017)

II. SPECIAL CIVIL ACTIONS (Rules 62-71)

A.Interpleader (R-62)
1. What is an action in Interpleader (S-1)
2. Requisites (S-1)
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 3. Procedure (S-2 to 7)
Cases:
1. Wack-Wack and Gold and Country Club vs.
Won, 70 SCRA
2. Eternal Gardens vs. IAC, 165 SCRA
3. Pasricha vs. Don Luis Dizon Realty, 548
SCRA (Not interpleader)
4. Bank of Commerce vs. Planters Dev, Bank,
681 SCRA

B.Declaratory Relief and Similar Remedies (R-63)

1. Nature; Kinds (S-1)
2. Parties (S-2)
3. Conversion into ordinary action (S-6)
Cases:
1. Almeda vs. Bathala Marketing Ind., 542 SCRA
2. De Borja vs. Pinalakas na Ugnayan ng
Maliliit na Mangingisda ng L, M at V., 823
SCRA 550 (2017)
3. Malana vs. Tappa, 600 SCRA
4. Chavez vs. Judicial and Bar Council, 676
SCRA
5. Sabitsana vs. Muertegui, 703 SCRA (8/5/13)
6. Dept of Finance vs. De la Cruz, Jr., 768 SCRA
73
7. Erice vs. Sison, 846 SCRA (2017)

C.Review of Judgements and Final Orders of the

COMELEC and COA (R-64)
- The distinctive nature and procedure of this special
civil action
Case: Alliance for Nationalism and Democracy vs.
COMELEC, 705 SCRA 340, 9/10/2013

D.Certiorari, Prohibition and Mandamus (R-65)

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1. Certiorari (S-1)
a. Grounds
b. Requirements
c. Procedure; parties and effects
Cases:
1. Ampil vs. Ombudsman, 703 SCRA, 7/31/13
2. A.L. Ang Network, Inc. vs. Mondejar, 714
SCRA, 1/28/14
3. Magdalang vs. PAGCOR, 712 SCRA,
12/11/13
4. People vs. Castaneda, 712 SCRA 12/11/13
5. UP Board of Ragents vs. Ligot-Teylan, 227
SCRA
6. Tuazon vs. RD of Caloocan, 157 SCRA
7. GSIS vs. CA, 867 SCRA (2018)
8. Reyes vs. Sandiganbayan SCRA, 868
SCRA (2018)

2. Prohibition (S-2)
a. Grounds
b. Requirements
c. Procedure; parties and effects
Cases:
1. Vivas vs. Monetary Board of BSP, 703 SCRA
8/7/13
2. Corales vs. Republic, 703 SCRA, 8/27/13
3. Javier vs. Gonzales, 815 SCRA (2017)
4. Career Executive Service Board vs. Civil
Service Commission, 819 SCRA 482 (2017)

3. Mandamus (S-3)
a. Grounds
b. Requirements
c. Procedure; parties and effects
d. Damages
Cases:
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 1. Hipos, Sr. vs. Bay, 581 SCRA 3/17/09
2. Sanchez vs. Lastimosa, 534 SCRA, 3/7/07
3. Social Justice Society vs. Atienza, 517 SCRA,
3/7/07
4. Laygo vs. Mun. Mayor of Solano, N.V., 814
SCRA (2017)
5. Cudia vs. Superintendent of PMA, Feb. 25,
2015
6. Villanueva vs. JBC, 755 SCRA 182

E. Quo Warranto (R-66)

1. Parties (S-1 to 6)
2. Period (S-8)
3. Limitation (S-11)
4. Judgement for Cost (S-12)
Read for class discussion: Republic vs. Sereno,
May 11, 2018, 863 SCRA 1
Cases:
1. Mendoza vs. Allas, 302 SCRA
2. Calleja vs. Panday, 483 SCRA
3. Lokin, Jr. vs. COMELEC, 621 SCRA
4. Aratea vs. COMELEC, 683 SCRA
5. De Castro vs. Carlos, 696 SCRA, 4/16/13
6. Velasco vs. Belmonte, 779 SCRA 81 (1/12/16)

F. Expropriation (R-67)
1. The right of Eminent Domain
- Constitutional provision: “private property shall not
be taken for public use without just compensation”
- RA 7160: The Local Govt. Code, Sec. 19
2. Who may expropriation
3. Two stages in expropriation
1. Determination of public use
2. Just compensation
Cases:
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 1. City if Manila vs. Serrano, 359 SCRA
2. National Power Corp. vs. CA, 436 SCRA
3. Republic vs. Andaya, 524 SCRA
4. Asia’s Emerging Dragon vs. DOTC, 552
SCRA
5. Abad vs. Fil-homes Realty, 636 SCRA
6. NPC vs. YCLA Sugar Dec. Corp., 712 SCRA
550
7. Limkaichong vs. LBP, 799 SCRA 139 (8/2/16)
8. LBP vs. Dalauta, 853 SCRA (2017)

G.Foreclosure of Real Estate Mortgage (R-68)

1. The Complaint (S-1)
2. The Judgment (S-2)
3. Sale of foreclosed property (S-3)
- Equity of Redemption vs. right of Redemption
4. Deficiency Judgment (S-6)
Read the law on extra-judicial foreclosure: Act No.
3135 as amended by Act No. 4118
Cases:
1. Ramirez vs. Manila Banking Corp., 712 SCRA.
12/2013
2. Marquez vs. Alindog, 714 SCRA, 1/2014
3. Ardiente vs. Provincial Sheriff, 436 SCRA
4. LZK Holdings vs. Planters Dev. Bank, 714
SCRA, 1/2014
5. Goldenway Merchandising Corp. vs. Equitable
PCI Bank, 693 SCRA, 3/13/2013
6. Solid Builders vs. CBC, 695 SCRA (also on
injunction)
7. Robles vs. Yapcinco, 739 SCRA 75
8. MBTC vs. CPR Promotion and Marketing,
INC., 760 SCRA 59
9. Roldan vs, Barrios, 862 SCRA 318, 4/23/18

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H.Partition (R-69)
1. The Complaint (S-1)
2. The Order (S-2)
3. Stages of Partition:
4. Rule of Commissioners (S-3 to 7)
5. The Judgement (S-11)
Cases:
1. Balus vs. Balus, 610 SCRA
2. Feliciano vs. Canosa, 629 SCRA
3. Mangahas vs. Brobio, 634 SCRA
4. Vda. De Figuracion vs. Figuracion-Gerilla,
690 SCRA
5. Agarrado vs. Librando-Agarrado, 854 SCRA
582, 6/6/2018

I. Forcible Entry and Unlawful Detainer (R-70)

1. Parties (S-1)
2. Procedure: Summary (S-3 to 15)
3. Judgement (S-17)
4. Immediate Execution (S-19 vs S-21) – preliminary
injunction (S-20)
5. Appeals
Cases:
1. Prov. Of Cam Sur. Vs. Bodega Glassware, 821
SCRA (2017)
2. Santiago vs. Northbay Knitting, Inc., 842
SCRA (2017)
3. Reglado vs. De la Rama cda. De dela Pena,
848 SCRA (2017)
4. Ferrer vs. Rabaca, 632 SCRA
5. CCR Corp. vs. Treyes, 522 SCRA 765
6. Zacarias vs. Anacay, 736 SCRA 508, 9/24/14
7. Supapo vs. De Jesus, 756 SCRA 211, 4/20/15
8. De Guzman-Fuerte vs. Estomo, 862 SCRA
(2018)

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 9. Iglesia de Jesucristo Jerusalem Nueva of
Manila, Phil. Inc. vs. De la Cruz, 862 SCRA
(2018)

J. Contempt (R-71)
1. Kinds: direct (S-1); indirect (S-3)
2. Procedure (S-4 to 9)
3. Judgement and Review (S-11)
Cases:
1. Yasay vs. Recto, 313 SCRA
2. Sison vs. Caoibes, Jr., 429 SCRA 258
3. Espanol vs. Formoso, 525 SCRA
4. Marantan vs. Diokno, 716 SCRA 164, 2/2014
5. Capitol Hills Golf and Country Club vs.
Sanchez, 717 SCRA
6. Tormis vs. Paredes, 749 SCRA 505, 2/4/2015
7. Oca vs. Custodio, 832 SCRA (2017)
8. Causing vs. De la Rosa, 857 SCRA (2017)
9. Sps. Bayani & Myrna Partoza vs. Lilian
Montano & Amelia Solomon, 866 SCRA 35
(2018)

III. SPEICAL PROCEEDINGS (Rules 72 to 109)

A.Settlement of Estate
1. Venue vs Jurisdiction (R-73)
2. Kinds of settlement
a. Extrajudicial
(1) By agreement
(2) By self-adjudication
b. Judicial
(1) Summary (R-74)
(2) By Petition (R-75 to 90)
a. Intestate
b. Testate
3. The Administrator or Executor

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 a. Special vs Regular (R-80)
b. Bonds (R-81)
c. Powers and Duties (R-84)
d. Accountability (R-85)
4. Claims Against the Estate (R-86)
5. Actions by and against Executor and Administrator
(R-87)
6. Distribution and Partition (R-90)
Cases:
1. San Luis vs. San Luis, 514 SCRA, February
2007
2. Garcia-Quiazon vs. Belem, 702 SCRA, 7/21/13
3. Agtarap vs. Agtarap, 651 SCRA, June 2011
4. Suntay III vs. Cojuangco-Suntay, 683 SCRA,
October 2012
5. Lee vs. RTC of Q.C., 423 SCRA, February
2004
6. Heirs of Hilario Ruiz vs. Edmond Ruiz, 252
SCRA, January 1996
7. Unionbank vs. Santibanez, 452 SCRA, Feb.
2005 (R-86)
8. Heirs of Maglasang vs. MBC, 706 SCRA 235
9. Pilapil vs. Heirs of M. Briones, 514 SCRA,
Feb. 2007
10. Sabidong vs. Solas, 699 SCRA, June 2013
11. Aranas vs. Mercado, 713 SCRA
12. Butiong vs. Plazo, 756 SCRA 227

B.Escheats (R-91)
1. Definition
2. Historical background and legal basis
3. Actions for Revisions (S-5)
Cases:
1. Alvarico vs. Sola, 382 SCRA

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 2. Maltos vs. Heirs of Eusebio Borromeo, 770
SCRA 307

C.Guardians and Guardianship (R-92 to 97) as amended

by A.M. No. 03-02-05-SC, May 1, 2003
1. Venue vs. Jurisdiction (S-92)
2. Appointment, kinds, Qualifications (S-93)
3. Requirement (S-94)
4. Power and Duties (S-96)
5. Termination (S-97)
Cases:
1. Goyena vs. Ledesma Gustilo, Jan 13, 2003
2. Caniza vs. CA, Feb. 24, 1997
3. Neri vs. Heirs of Hadji Yusop Uy, 683 SCRA
4. Oropesa vs. Oropesa, 671 SCRA (4/2012)
5. Abad vs. Biazon, 687 SCRA (12/2012)

D.Trustees (R-98)
1. Parties
2. Kinds/Classes
Cases:
1. Advent Capital and Finance Corp. vs.
Alcantara, 664 SCRA
2. Land Bank of the Phil. Vs. Perez, 672 SCRA
E. Adoption and Custody of Minors
- The laws on Adoption, RA 8552 and RA 8043, have
been superseded by RA 11642 or the “Domestic
Administrative Adoption and Alternative Child Care”
F. Habeas Corpus (R-102)
1. Definition and Nature or Scope (S-1)
2. Requisites for Application (S-3)
3. Disallowance or Discharge of Writ (S-4)
4. Preliminary citation vs writ (S-6)

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 5. The return: when evidence; when plea (S-10, 12,
13)

Cases:
1. Ilusorio vs. Bildner, 332 SCRA 169
2. Serapio vs. Sandiganbayan, 396 SCRA 443
3. Lacson vs. Perez, 357 SCRA 756
4. Sangca vs. City Prosecutor of Cebu, 524
SCRA 610
5. Mangila vs. Pangilinan, 701 SCRA 355
6. Tujan-Militante vs. Cada-Deapera, 7/28/2014
7. Datukan Malang Salibo vs. The Warden, 755
SCRA 296

G.Change of Name vs. Correction/Cancellation of

Entries, as amended R.A. 9048 and 10172 (Rule 103
vs. Rule 108)

1. Venue vs Jurisdiction
2. Contents of Petition/Grounds
3. Hearing
4. Judgement
5. R.A. 9048 and its Implementing Rules
Cases:
1. Eleosida vs. Civil Registrar of Q.C., May 9,
2002
2. Republic vs. Kho, 526 SCRA
3. Petition for Change on Name of Julian Lim
Carulasan Wang, 454 SCRA
4. Braza vs. Civil Registrar of Neg, Occ., 607
SCRA (2009)
5. Republic vs. Silverio, 357 SCRA
6. Republic vs. Cagandahan, 565 SCRA
7. Republic vs. Uy, 703 SCRA (Aug. 12, 2013)
8. Minoru Fujiku vs. Marinay, June 26, 2013

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 9. People vs. Merlinda Olaybar, Feb. 10, 2014
10. Onde vs. CR of Las Piñas, 734 SCRA, Sept.
2014
H.Prerogative Writs

A.Writ of Amparo
Cases:
1. Tapuz vs. Del Rosario, 554 SCRA
2. Canlas vs. Napico Homeowners Asso., 554
SCRA
3. Castillo vs. Cruz, 605 SCRA
4. Razon vs. Tagitis, 606 SCRA
5. Roxas vs. GMA, 630 SCRA
6. Burgos vs. Esperon, 715 SCRA, Feb. 2014

B.Writ of Habeas Data

Cases:
1. Caram vs. Segui, Aug. 5. 2014
2. Vivares et Al. St. Therese College, Sept. 29,
2014
3. Meralco vs. Lim, 632 SCRA
4. Lee vs. Ilagan, 738 SCRA 59

IV. EVIDENCE (Rules 128-133)

(As amended by A.M. No. 19-08-15-SC effective May 1,
2020)

A.PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATION
(Rule 128: General Provisions)

1. Definition/Meaning and Scope of E.

2. Kinds and Classification of E.
3. Axioms of Admissibility
a. Relevancy
b. Competency
c. Authenticity
d. Offer
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 4. Kinds of admissibility
a. Conditional
b. Multiple
c. Curative
Cases:
1. Ong Chia vs. Republic, 328 SCRA - on
naturalization
2. Zulueta vs. CA, 253 SCRA - on privacy of
communication & correspondence
3. People vs. Yatar, 428 SCRA - on the right
against self-incrimination (DNA)
4. Tating vs. Marcella, 519 SCRA - on
admissibility, weight and sufficiency of
evidence
5. People vs. Salafranca, 666 SCRA - multiple
admissibility
6. SCC Chemicals Corp. vs. CA, 353 SCRA -
curative admissibility (hearsay evidence
admissible when not objected)
Sec. 3 inserted the words “the Constitution”

B.WHAT NEED NOT BE PROVED (Rule 129)

1. Judicial Notice
a. Mandatory and discretionary
b. When to take judicial notice
2. Judicial Admissions
a. When is there judicial admissions
Cases:
1. LBP vs. banal, 434 SCRA – contents of the
records of other cases
2. People vs. Kulais, 292 SCRA – of testimonies
in other cases
3. Laureano vs. CA, 324 SCRA – admissibility of
foreign laws

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 4. Maquiling vs. COMELEC, 700 SCRA –
admissibility of foreign laws/official records
5. People vs. Baharan, 639 SCRA – admissibility
of extrajudicial confession/plea of guilty
6. Republic vs. Sandiganbayan, 662 SCRA, Dec.
13, 2011 – exception to admissibility of
testimonies in other cases
7. Ligtas vs. People, 767 SCRA 1 – admissibility
of decisions and records in other cases
Amended Sections 1, 3, and 4 by inserting certain
words *

C.RULES OF ADMISSIBILITY (Rule 130)

1. Object/Real Evidence (Section 1)
Cases:
1. Salas vs. Matulasem, 705 SCRA – how to
establish paternity and filiation
2. People vs. Mercury de la Cruz, 802 SCRA,
Sept. 7, 2016
3. People vs. Manuel De la Rosa, Dec. 13, 2018
4. People vs. Sanchez, March 7, 2018
5. People vs. Emmauel Oliva, Jan. 7, 2019 – on
chain of custody rule

2. Documentary Evidence (Section 2-10)

Cases:
1. St. Martin Polyclinic, Inc. vs. LWV Const.
Corp. 847 SCRA
2. People vs. Vibar, 858 SCRA – on admissibility
of private documents
a. The Original Document Rule
Cases:
1. MCMP Const. vs. Monark, Nov. 10, 2014
2. Loon vs. Power Master, Inc., 712 SCRA
3. Miaguila vs. Monetiro, 714 SCRA
4. Republic vs. Mupas, 769 SCRA
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 5. Robinol vs. Bassig, 845 SCRA
b. Secondary Evidence

c. Parole Evidence Rule

Cases:
1. Leoveras vs. valdez, 652 SCRA
2. Paras vs. Kimwa Const., 755 SCRA
3. PNB vs. Pasimio, 759 SCRA
4. Mancol vs. DBP, 846 SCRA
Amendments are found in Section 2, 3, 3(b), 3(c),
4(a)(b)(c), 7 {9 is now 10}

d. Electronic Evidence
- A.M. 01-7-01-SC, Rules on Electronic Evidence
- R.A. 8792, E-Commerce Law
Cases:
1. Heirs of Sabanpan vs. Comorposa, 408
SCRA
2. Torres vs. PAGCOR, 661 SCRA
3. Ang vs, Republic, 618 SCRA
4. People vs. Enojas
5. Syhunliong vs. Rivera, June 4, 2014
6. Bartolome vs. Maranan, 740 SCRA
7. BBB vs. AAA, 750 SCRA
8. Astorga & Repol Law Offices vs.
Villanueva, 751 SCRA

Section 4 of Rule 130 incorporated Electronic

Evidence rule
Sections 11-20 remain: Interpretation of
Documents

3. Testimonial Evidence (Section 21-54)

a. Qualifications: “one who can perceive and
perceiving can make known his perception”

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 i. Ability to observe/perceive
ii. Ability to recall/remember
iii. Ability to relate/communicate
b. Disqualification
Case: Marcos vs. Heirs of Andres Navarro
Note: mental incapacity or immaturity in Section
21 has been deleted. Is it no longer a
disqualification?
Case: People vs. Golimlim, 427 SCRA
i. Marital disqualification (Sec. 23)
Cases:
1. Alavarez vs, Ramirez, 473 SCRA
2. People vs. Castaneda, 88 SCRA
ii. privileged communication (Sec. 24)
Cases:
1. Chan vs. Chan, 702 SCRA
2. Lacurom vs. Jacoba, 484 SCRA
3. Samal vs. Valencia, 514 SCRA
4. Almonte vs. Vasquez, 244 SCRA
5. Syhunliong vs. Rivera, 725 SCRA

iii. Death or insanity/dead man’s statue

(Section 39)
Cases:
1. Razon vs. CA, 207 SCRA
2. Sunga-Chan vs. Chua, 363 SCRA
3. Bordalba vs. CA, 374 SCRA

Discuss Executive Privilege under the doctrines laid down

in Senate of the Philippines vs. Ermita (488 SCRA) and
Neri vs. Senate Committees (435 SCRA)

c. Testimonial Privilege
i. Parental and filial privilege (section 25)

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 ii. Privilege relating to trade secrets (section
26)
d. Admission of a Party (section 27)
e. Offer of Compromise (section 28)
f. Confessions (section 34)
- Judicial vs. extra-judicial
Cases:
a. People vs. Dacanay, 807 SCRA, (2016)
b. People vs. Opiniano, 832 SCRA, (2017)
c. Cruz vs. People, 846 SCRA
g. Previous Conduct (section 35)
Cases:
1. People vs. Santos, 221 SCRA 715
2. People vs. Nardo, 353 SCRA 339
3. RP vs. Heirs of Alejaga, Sr., 393 SCRA
361
h. Hearsay Evidence Rule
Cases:
Patula vs. People. 669 SCRA
People vs. Aguirre, 845 (independently
relevant statement)

i. Exceptions:
i. Dying Declaration: Pp vs. Calinawan, 817
SCRA 424
ii. Statement of decedent or person of
unsound mind
iii. Declaration against interest: Pp vs.
Bernal, 274 SCRA
iv. Declaration about pedigree: Tizon vs. CA,
276 SCRA
v. Family reputation or tradition: Jison vs.
CA, 286 SCRA
vi. Common reputation
vii. Res gestae: Pp vs. Dimapilit, 836 SCRA;
Pp vs. Santillan, 837 SCRA 71
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 viii. Records of regularly conducted
business activity (formerly, entries in
the course of business)
Phil. Airlines vs. Ramos, 207 SCRA 461
ix. Entries in official records: PP vs. Corpuz,
856 SCRA 610; Sabili vs. COMELEC,
670 SCRA; Cercado-Siga, 752 SRCA
x. Commercial lists: Meralco vs.
Quisumbing, 336 SCRA
xi. Learned treatises
xii. Testimony or deposition at a former
proceeding: Pp vs. Ortiz-Miyako, 279
SCRA; Go vs. People, 677 SCRA
xiii. Child Witness Rule: People vs. Ibanez,
706 SCRA and People vs. Esugon, 759
SCRA
xiv. Residual exception (Section 50)

j. Opinion Rule (Sections 51-53)

i. Expert Witness: Lavarez vs.
Guevarra, 822 SCRA 130
Avelino vs. People, 701
SCRA
ii. Ordinary Witness: Pp vs. Duranan,
349 SCRA
k. Character Evidence (Section 54)
People vs. Deopita, 436 SCRA 794

D.BURDEN OF PROOF, BURDEN EVIDENCE AND

PRESUMPTIONS (Rule 131 has two additional
sections)

1. Burden of Proof vs. Burden of Evidence

Case: FEBTC vs. Chante, 707 SCRA

2. Presumptions
a. Conclusive presumptions
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 i. Ibaan Rural bank vs. CA, 321 SCRA
ii. Alcarez vs. Tangga-an, 401 SCRA
iii. University of Mindanao vs. PSP, 778
SCRA (1/11/16)
b. Disputable Presumptions
i. Rosaroso vs. Soria, 699 SCRA
ii. Heirs of Trazona vs. Heirs of Canada,
712 SCRA
iii. Uy vs. Lacasamana, 767 SCRA
iv. Diaz vs. People, 776 SCRA 43
- Suppression of testimony: People vs. Padrigone,
382 SCRA
Metrobank vs. CA, 333 SCRA
- Official duty: De los Santos vs. COA, 703 SCRA;
Pp vs. Barte, 819 SCRA
People vs. Candidia, 707 SCRA
- Cohabitation: People vs. Edualino, 271 SCRA
- Survivorship; absence
3. Legitimacy or Illegitimacy (Section 4)
4. Presumptions in civil actions/criminal
actions (Section 5&6)

E. PRESENTATION OF EVIDENCE (Rule 132)

1. Examination of Witnesses (Sections 1-18)
- Order of Presentation of Evidence. People
vs Fabre, 385 SCRA
- Leading and Misleading Questions. People
vs. Perez, 397 SCRA
- Impeachment. People vs. Castellano, 400 SCRA
- Reference to Memorandum
- Present Memory Revived, People vs. Plasencia,
249 SCRA
- Past Recollection Recorded, Canque vs. Cam
305 SCRA

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F. WEIGHT AND SUFFICIENCY OF EVIDENCE
(Rule 133)
The Hierarchy of Evidence:
i. Overwhelming evidence
ii. Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
1. People vs. Caliso – 659 SCRA
2. People vs. Patentes – 716 SCRA
iii. Clear and Convincing
1. Supreme Court vs. Delgado
2. Govt. of Hongkong Special Adm. Region
vs. Olalia, Jr. – 521 SCRA
3. People vs. Fontanilla – 664 SCRA
iv. Preponderance of Evidence
1. PCIB vs. Balmaceda – 658 SCRA
2. De la llana vs. Biong – 711 SCRA
3. Canlao vs. People – 659 SCRA (equipoise
doctrine)
v. Substantial Evidence
1. Office of the Ombudsman vs. Reyes – 658
SCRA
2. Ramos vs. BPI Family Savings Bank –
711 SCRA
vi. Prima facie evidence
1. Lucas vs. Lucas – 650 SCRA
vii. Probable Cause
1. PNB vs. Lucas – 650 SCRA
2. Del Castillo vs. People – 664 SCRA
viii. Iota of Evidence (circumstantial)
1. People vs. Anticamara – 651 SCRA
2. People vs. Deocampo – 666 SCRA
3. Celedonia vs. People – 761 SCRA 363

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