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Introduction To Hematology

Hematology is the study of blood and blood disorders. The document provides an introduction to hematology and the composition of blood. It states that blood is made up of a fluid portion called plasma and a solid portion consisting of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It describes the functions of blood including transport of oxygen, nutrients, waste, and more. The document also discusses the constituents of plasma and provides details on tests performed for red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

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John Rick Orine
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78 views2 pages

Introduction To Hematology

Hematology is the study of blood and blood disorders. The document provides an introduction to hematology and the composition of blood. It states that blood is made up of a fluid portion called plasma and a solid portion consisting of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It describes the functions of blood including transport of oxygen, nutrients, waste, and more. The document also discusses the constituents of plasma and provides details on tests performed for red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Uploaded by

John Rick Orine
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INTRODUCTION TO HEMATOLOGY bacterial invasion and disease through the

activities of certain leukocytes and immune


HEMATOLOGY bodies in the blood stream.
 Hematology is the branch of medical science 9. It maintains a degree of irritability of the
that deals with the study of the clinical, tissue cells so that functional activity can be
morphologic and laboratory disorders of the carried on satisfactorily.
blood and the blood forming organs.
COMPOSITION OF THE BLOOD
 This study includes the analyses of the
A. Fluid portion
concentration, structure and function of cells
in the blood; their precursors in the bone  approximately 55%
marrow; chemical constituents of plasma or  Blood plasma is the fluid portion of the
serum intimately linked with blood cell blood. It is a straw colored fluid containing a
structure and function; and function of variety of substances and with complex
platelets and proteins involved in hemostasis chemical composition. It is the fluid portion
and blood coagulation. Ihal remains when coagulaliori is prevented.
 *** serum.
BLOOD
 Blood is vital, life-sustaining fluid Constituents of the liquid part:
circulating constantly in a closed system of a. Water
blood vessels; it is pumped from the heart
into arteries; from the arteries into the b. Inorganic constituents
capillaries, and from the capillaries into the  sodium. calcium, potassium, magnesium,
veins to return back to the heart. chloride. bicarbonate, phosphate, sulfate
 Blood is highly complex liquid connective
tissue in which the cellular elements are c. Organic constituents
suspended in a liquid supporting or ground 1. Plasma proteins
substance. (a) Albumin-Its primary function is to cause
osmotic pressure at the capillary membrane. This
FUNCTIONS OF THE BLOOD: pressure called colloid osmotic prevents the fluid of
1. It transports oxygen from the lungs to the the plasma from leaking out of the capillaries into
tissues and carbon dioxide from the tissues the interstitial spaces.
to the lungs to be eliminated. (b) Globulin -alpha, beta and gamma globulins
2. It serves as a vehicle for transport of food  Alpha and beta globulins - transport
materials to the different tissues of the body. substances by combining with them, acting
3. It picks up metabolic end products and as substrates that react with other
delivers to other organ for use or substances, transporting protein itself from
elimination. one part of the body to another.
4. It distributes the heat produced in active  Beta and gamma globulins - protects the
muscles and thus aids in the regulation of body against infection.
body temperature.  Gamma globulins -antibodies that resist
5. It transports hormones from the glands in infection and toxicity thus providing the
which they are produced to the target body with immunity.
organs. (c) Fibrinogen -plays a role in blood clotting
6. Through the presence of buffer system, it
helps maintain optimal pH of the acid-base PLASMA PROTEINS
equilibrium. ‣ d. Internal secretions (hormones), antibodies and
7. It regulates the water balance through the various enzymes as amylases, proteases, lipases,
effects of blood in the exchange of water etc.
between circulating fluid and tissue fluid. ▸e. Gases - oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen
8. It serves in the mobilization of defense
mechanism by protecting the body against
WBC differential count:
 Neutrophils
 Bands
 Eosinophils
 Basophils
 Lymphocytes
 Monocytes

PLATELETS
 Platelet count
 Thrombocytosis - Thrombocytopenia
B. Solid portion - approximately 41-45%
The solid portion consists of the cellular elements:
a. Red blood cells or erythrocytes
b. White blood cells or leukocytes
c. platelets or thrombocytes

RED BLOOD CELLS


 Anucleate, biconcave discoid cells
 Hemoglobin
 Abnormalities: Anemia, Polycythemia
Tests:
 Hemoglobin (Cyanmethemoglobin method-
Drabkin's reagent)
 Hematocrit count/packed cell volume
 RBC count
 RBC indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC)
 RDW
 Reticulocyte count

WHITE BLOOD CELLS


 WBC count (4,500-11,500/UL)
 Leukocytosis – Leokocytopenia
 Leukemia - uncontrolled proliferation of
WBC

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