II.

Sensors

A sensor is a device that converts a physical quantity into a corresponding electrical

quantity. Sensors are used in many industries, including automotive, aerospace, and

manufacturing. According to Teja (2021), sensor as an input device which provides an output

(signal) with respect to a specific physical quantity (input). In the definition of a sensor, the term

"input device" refers to a component of a larger system that gives input to the primary control

system (like a processor or a microcontroller). Another different definition of a Sensor is a

device that translates signals from one energy domain to another. 

a. Types of Sensor

 Water Level Sensor

Water level sensor is a device that senses water level in the tank or

container. It is used to measure and monitor the amount of water in the tank.

Water level sensors are used for measuring liquids such as oil, gas and other

chemicals. According to the Renkeer (2021) when a water level sensor is

immersed in a liquid to be measured, the pressure on the sensor's front surface

is transformed into the liquid level height.

 Ultrasonic Sensor

An ultrasonic sensor is a type of sensor consisting of an ultrasonic

transmitter and receiver. A tiny device that can detect the presence of a target

object. They work on the principle of sound waves and their reflection off an

object, which is then converted into electrical signals by a sensor. The

frequency of the emitted signal can be adjusted to control how far away the

receiver picks up sound waves. According to the article, the ultrasonic sensors
operate by releasing extremely high frequency soundwaves that are invisible

to human ears. Sound waves will bounce off the thing being monitored and

return to the sensor. The sensor's feedback, based on the strength of these

reflections, can then be used to identify the object's distance, position, or even

shape. (Ultrasonic Sensor Advantages, 2021).

 Temperature Sensor

A temperature sensor is an electronic device that measures the temperature

of a particular object. The most common type of temperature sensor is a

thermistor, which is a resistor whose resistance varies with changes in

temperature. Thermistors are often used as sensors for measuring room

temperatures, or to detect whether or not something has been exposed to heat.

They are also used in industrial applications to monitor and control the heating

and cooling of machinery, such as automobile engines and refrigerators.

 Weight Sensor

A weight sensor is a device that measures weight or force and provides an

electrical signal that is proportional to the weight or force. The most common

type of weight sensor is the load cell. Other types of weight sensors include

strain gages, piezoelectric sensors, and capacitive sensors.

 Microphone (Sound Sensor)

(SPL) of an audio signal. It’s used in mobile devices like smartphones, tablets

and laptops to detect whether or not you are speaking into the microphone.
 The mic sensor is also used to recognize voice commands through voice

recognition software.

Foreign Studies

In the study conducted by Manoj (2015) entitled “Automatic Pet Feeder” where the

system in which food is fed at regular intervals. The timings will be pre-programmed using a

microcontroller. The system consists of two knobs along with a dc motor. Whereas one knob is

to control the interval of time in which the food is to be fed, and the other knob is to control the

opening time and the closing time of an outlet of food. A dc motor controls the opening and

closing of the food outlet. A buzzer is employed to indicate the food that is being fed. There

might be chances of food getting stuck on the way, in order to avoid this problem a vibrating dc

motor will be used. At first, food has to be loaded into a feeder column, a microcontroller is to be

reset, and the timing required in both knobs is to be selected. Once the microcontroller is reset,

depending on the timing of two knobs, the food will be dispensed.

A study conducted by Kumar (2018) focus on situations in which pet owners feed their

animals while they are away by sending a message to a system using an app. GSM technology is

used in this system to receive a text message from the pet. owner, the magnet (solenoid valve)

and servo motor are engaged as soon as the system receives the text from the owner. The food is

then dispensed as a result of the servo motor rotating as a result. The valve will be left open to

allow water to flow freely. When the feeding method is finished, the owner will receive a

message stating that it is efficient and affordable and that the owner will feed their pets without

being present.
Local Studies

In the life of Filipino families, owning pets has emerged as an intriguing new dimension.

Around the world, it has long been customary to have domesticated animals as pets, and in our

society, caring for them is already valued. Being able to care for our pets from a distance is

already possible because to advancements in Internet of Things (IoT) development. Pet

monitoring via a mobile application was made possible by the use of microcontrollers and

sensors that were created to link in an Internet. Researchers created a feces pad, food and drink

dispenser, and a smart pet door that can be operated remotely for the developed system. In

comparison to alternative methods of caring for and keeping an eye on your pets through pet

facilities, the project also has the potential for commercial viability, particularly in urban lifestyle

living.
Manoj, M. (2015). AUTOMATIC PET FEEDER.
Retrieved from https://ijisrt.com/assets/upload/submitted_files/1575569700.pdf

Perlstein, D. (2018, December 17). Classifying different IOT sensors & their uses - axonize

types of IOT Sensors. Axonize. Retrieved from https://axonize.com/blog/iot-platform/classifying-

different-iot-sensors/

Renkeer. (2021, June 15). Water level sensor: What, how, where, benefits, types. Renke.

Retrieved from https://www.renkeer.com/water-level-sensor-definition-applications-benefits-

types/

Kumar, S. (2018, November). Pet feeding dispenser using Arduino and GSM technology.
Academia.edu. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/37929388/IRJET-
_Pet_feeding_Dispenser_using_Arduino_and_GSM_Technology

Teja, R. (2021, April 2). What is a sensor? different types of sensors, applications. Electronics

Hub. Retrieved from https://www.electronicshub.org/different-types-sensors/

Ultrasonic Sensor Advantages. from Ixthus Instrumentation. (2021, January 11). Retrieved from

https://www.ixthus.co.uk/blog/detail.php?aid=80&did=Ultrasonic-Sensor-Advantages