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Vapour Compression Cycle

The vapour compression cycle uses a refrigerant in a closed loop system consisting of four main steps: 1. Compression: A compressor raises the refrigerant's temperature and pressure. 2. Condensation: In a condenser, heat is transferred from the refrigerant to another medium, condensing the refrigerant. 3. Expansion: A throttling valve allows the refrigerant to expand and cool. 4. Evaporation: In an evaporator, the refrigerant absorbs heat from the environment, evaporating it and repeating the cycle. The vapour absorption cycle replaces the compressor with an absorber and generator. The absorber absorbs refrigerant vapour into

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101 views

Vapour Compression Cycle

The vapour compression cycle uses a refrigerant in a closed loop system consisting of four main steps: 1. Compression: A compressor raises the refrigerant's temperature and pressure. 2. Condensation: In a condenser, heat is transferred from the refrigerant to another medium, condensing the refrigerant. 3. Expansion: A throttling valve allows the refrigerant to expand and cool. 4. Evaporation: In an evaporator, the refrigerant absorbs heat from the environment, evaporating it and repeating the cycle. The vapour absorption cycle replaces the compressor with an absorber and generator. The absorber absorbs refrigerant vapour into

Uploaded by

Nimra Ehsan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Vapour compression cycle

Definition:
Thermodynamic cycle widely used in refrigeration systems to transfer heat from an
environment to another. A fluid is used (refrigerant) in a closed cycle, and submitted
to processes of compression, cooling with condensation, expansion and heating with
evaporation

Working:
Step 1: Compression
The refrigerant (for example R-717) enters the compressor at low temperature and
low pressure. It is in a gaseous state. Here, compression takes place to raise the
temperature and refrigerant pressure. The refrigerant leaves the compressor and
enters to the condenser. Since this process requires work, an electric motor may be
used. Compressors themselves can be scroll, screw, centrifugal or reciprocating
types.

Step 2: Condensation
The condenser is essentially a heat exchanger. Heat is transferred from the
refrigerant to a flow of water. This water goes to a cooling tower for cooling in the
case of water-cooled condensation. Note that seawater and air-cooling methods may
also play this role. As the refrigerant flows through the condenser, it is in a constant
pressure. One cannot afford to ignore condenser safety and performance.
Specifically, pressure control is paramount for safety and efficiency reasons. There are
several pressure-controlling devices to take care of this requirement .

Step 3: Throttling and Expansion


When the refrigerant enters the throttling valve, it expands and releases
pressure. Consequently, the temperature drops at this stage. Because of these
changes, the refrigerant leaves the throttle valve as a liquid vapor mixture, typically
in proportions of around 75 % and 25 % respectively. Throttling valves play two
crucial roles in the vapor compression cycle. First, they maintain a pressure
differential between low- and high-pressure sides. Second, they control the amount
of liquid refrigerant entering the evaporator.

Step 4: Evaporation

At this stage of the Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle, the refrigerant is at a


lower temperature than its surroundings. Therefore, it evaporates and absorbs
latent heat of vaporization. Heat extraction from the refrigerant happens at low
pressure and temperature. Compressor suction effect helps maintain the low
pressure. There are different evaporator versions in the market, but the major
classifications are liquid cooling and air cooling, depending whether they cool liquid
or air respectively.
Vapour absorption cycle
Definition:
In the vapor absorption cycle, a process of suction and compression is carried out
by two different devices called absorbers and generators. Thus the absorber and
generator replace the compressor in the vapor absorption cycle. The absorber
enables the refrigerant to flow by absorbing from the absorber to the generator.

Working:
1) When Vapour NH3 from Evaporator Enters into the Absorber, It gets Absorbed by
Absorbent ( water + NH3 ) and Strong NH3 Solution Forms.

2) The Strong NH3 Solution From Absorber Suck by Pump & Deliver to Generator.

3) When Strong NH3 Solution enters into Generator, Generator heat the NH3
Solution with the help of Heating Coils.

4) From Generator High-Pressure Vapour NH3 Forms which is Flows through


Condenser. The Weak Solution Remains in Generator is Returns to Absorber through
Pressure Reducing Valve.

5) When High-Pressure Vapour NH3 enters into Condenser, Condenser Removes the
heat from Vapour NH3 with the help of Cooling Medium.

6) After Condenser, High-Pressure Liquid NH3 Enters into the Expansion Valve, where
it Expands and Converted into Low-Pressure Vapour NH3.

7) After Expansion Valve, Vapour NH3 Enters into the Evaporator, Where It
Absorbs heat from Enclosed Room ( to be Cooled ).

8) After Evaporator, Vapour NH3 again enters into the Absorber.

Hence In this way Cycle Continues and provides Cooling to Enclosed Room.
UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY, LAHORE

BASIC MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGY

NAME: Nimra Ehsan


ROLL NO.: 2021-CIV-56
SUBMITTED TO: Rabia Saher
DATE: 20-6-2022

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