Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila

UNDERGRADUATE and GRADUATE PROPOSALS/FINAL THESES

FOR THE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY:
A STYLE GUIDE AND TEMPLATE

A Thesis Presented to
The Graduate Program
College of Engineering and Technology
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering

By
Juan dela Cruz
Juan dela Cruz Jr.
Gabriela Silang

Adviser 1
Adviser 2
Thesis Advisers
 Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
Month Year

APPROVAL SHEET

The thesis hereto titled

UNDERGRADUATE/GRADUATE THESES AND PROPOSALS
FOR THE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY:
A STYLE GUIDE AND TEMPLATE

prepared and submitted by Name Student 1, Name Student 2 and Name Student 3 in
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of ______________________ has
been examined and is recommended for acceptance and approval for ORAL
EXAMINATION.

_______________________ _______________________
Adviser 1 Adviser 2

_____________________
Adviser 3

PANEL OF EXAMINERS

Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination

with a grade of _________ on _______.

_______________________
Panel Chair
Chairman

_______________________ _______________________
Panel Member Panel Member
Member Member

Accepted and approved in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of
Bachelor of Science in Chemical Engineering.

_______________________ _______________________
Dr. Joseph Berlin P. Juanzon Engr. Juan C. Tallara Jr.
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Director Dean
Graduate Program College of Engineering and Technology

ABSTRACT

The maximum length of the abstract is one to two pages. Use 12-point Times
New Roman and 1.5-line space.

An abstract should contain the summary of the study including significant

findings, information, data and analysis. Also, problems and objectives are solved and
addressed.
 Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The acknowledgements should also be limited to one page but can exceed if
necessary.

The CET-Graduate Program would like to thank Ms. Diana Jane Saya for helping
us format this thesis manuscript for the undergraduate and graduate program of the
College of Engineering and Technology.

The pattern of the manuscript was from the Chemical Engineering Department of
De La Salle University.
 Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila

TABLE OF CONTENTS
(Note: Table of Contents, List of Tables and List of Figures are single spaced.)

APPROVAL SHEET.................................................................................................ii
ABSTRACT...............................................................................................................iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......................................................................................iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS...........................................................................................1
LIST OF FIGURES....................................................................................................2
LIST OF TABLES......................................................................................................3
INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................4
1.1 Background of the Study.....................................................................4

1.2 Statement of the Problem....................................................................4

1.3 Objective of the Study..........................................................................5

1.4 Hypothesis of the Study.......................................................................5

1.5 Scope, Limitations and Delimitations.................................................5

1.6 Assumptions of the Study....................................................................5

1.7 Significance of the Study........................................................................5

1.8 Operational Definition of Terms.........................................................6

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE...............................................................6

2.1 Referencing within the Text....................................................................6

2.2 Subtopic 2..................................................................................................7

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK............................................................................7
3.1 Equations..................................................................................................7

MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY..................................................................8

4.1 SI Units......................................................................................................8

4.2 Figures.......................................................................................................8

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION...............................................................................10

5.1. Tables...................................................................................................10

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.................................................11

LIST OF REFERENCES.........................................................................................12

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APPENDIX A: SAMPLING OF RAW MATERIALS.........................................13
APPENDIX B: ICP – OES AND AAS ANALYSIS..............................................14

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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1 Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler Diagram from Partner Coal Power
Plant
Figure 3.1 Direct and Indirect Mechanism
Figure 3.2 Thiosulfate and Polysulfide Mechanism
Figure 3.3 Molecular structure of alginate Figure
3.4 Schematic diagram of the overall metabolic reaction of chemolithoautotroph

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LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 Accredited Coal Fired Power Plant in the Philippines
Table 2.2 Power Generation by Source in GWh
Table 2.3 Overall Coal Statistics in the Philippine, Million Metric Tons
Table 2.4 Approximate Production of Fly Ash and Bottom Ash

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Flash floods are particularly dangerous in densely populated areas in Manila. The
quantity of rain absorbed by the land is reduced by the development of buildings,
roadways, driveways, and parking lots, which increases runoff. This discharge raises the
risk of a flash flood. Drainage systems can also get overwhelmed or clogged by debris
after heavy rain, flooding neighboring roads and buildings. The Philippines being a
tropical country can have challenging natural calamities, this includes the tropical storm
that causes flooding, etc. [Doroteo, 2015]. Floods can be costly, as it can cost up to PhP
2.4 billion a day due to waste of gasoline and economic productivity. Flash floods can be
connected to century-old sewer systems, clogged streams, and reclamation of riverbeds.
[Lagmay, et al., 2017].

This proposed study is being conducted for the researcher to know what the
problem of the storm runoff drainage of Quirino Avenue corner is, Pedro Gil Street that is
prone to flooding that affects the surroundings such as pavements and the car traffic and
foot traffic.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

The following fonts should be used:

Use 12-point Times New Roman for body text;

1. 12-POINT BOLD, ALL-CAPITALS TIMES NEW ROMAN for chapter

numbers;

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 Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
2. 14-POINT BOLD, ALL-CAPITALS TIMES NEW ROMAN for chapter
titles.
3. 12-point Bold, Title Case Times New Roman for sections and sub-sections
4. Italics for species names (e.g., Abelmoschus esculentus)
5. 10-point Times New Roman for figure captions and table footnotes.

1.3 Objective of the Study

First line of the body text should be indented 0.5”. No indentation for succeeding
lines. Paragraphs shall be full justified. A 10-point space is added after each paragraph.

Line spacing shall be 1.5.

Chapter numbers and titles are centered. Section headings are not indented.
Subsection headings are indented 0.5”.

1.3.1 General Objective

Number each section consecutively as Chapter Number.Section Number (1.1) and

each subsection as Chapter Number.Section Number.Subsection Number (1.1.1).

1.3.2 Specific Objectives

Numbered and bulleted lists are indented 0.5” and each succeeding line shall be
indented an additional 0.25”.

1.4 Hypothesis of the Study

1.5 Scope, Limitations and Delimitations

1.6 Assumptions of the Study

1.7 Significance of the Study

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1.8 Operational Definition of Terms

Chapter Two

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

(Each chapter should begin in a new page.)

2.1 Referencing within the Text

(Note: In the manuscript, the section and sub-section titles are given by the
researchers.)

Use the author-year style of referencing within the text. For example,
“Bioleaching can also be called bioextraction, biorecovery, biosolubilization or
biohydrometallurgy (Bosecker, 1997).”

If there are two authors, both should be mentioned. For example, “… the
processes for ammonia synthesis and the hydrogen from synthesis gas via the steam
reforming route both release a large quantity of greenhouse gases into the air (Wood and
Cowie, 1998).”

If there are three or more authors, use the first author followed by “et al.”. For
example, “Fly ash is used for blended cement, raw material for concrete production,
construction materials and embankments, mining applications, water stabilization and
fillers and aggregates (Meawad et al., 2010)”. Please take note of the punctuation.

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An author may also be cited in the following manner: “In the study conducted by
Allorde et al. (2006), the Philippines coal has one of the lowest quality and is very
undesirable as raw material for combustion with 14% ash content.”

2.2 Subtopic 2

Chapter Three

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

3.1 Equations
(Note: In the thesis or proposal, there no format for the headings and sub-
headings in Chapter three. The researcher/s has the choice to make them)

Equations should be created and edited using the Microsoft Word equation editor,
centered and numbered consecutively within the chapter. Do not scan an equation from
another paper and paste it as a drawing.

Instead of a separate Nomenclature section, symbols and variable names are

explained in the succeeding paragraphs.

For example: “Frictional or viscous dissipation of mechanical energy can result in

heating a fluid, especially high viscous liquid in small channels. For incompressible flow
under adiabatic conditions through channels of constant cross section, the energy from
decrease in pressure is converted to thermal energy by the Equation (3.1) (McCabe et al.
2001):

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Q
=C v ρ ∆ T (3.1)
V

where Q/V μmis the heat generated per unit volume (J/m3), Cv is the specific heat of
liquid, J/kg-°C, ρ is the density of the fluid and ΔT is the temperature rise, °C.”

Chapter Four

MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY

4.1 SI Units
For uniformity, SI units are used in this manuscript. However, this is not limited
to SI units and other units may be used only if the units are the most commonly used in
the subfield or are the ones used in regulatory standards.

4.2 Figures
All figures should be explained in the text. Figures should be inserted after they
are first mentioned in the text. They should be placed as close as possible to the text
while considering layout and paging. Figures from other publications should be used only
if necessary and should be cited. All figures should be accompanied by a caption which
explains concisely the pertinent information in the figure. Figures and figure captions
should be centered on the page (See Figure 4.1.). Use 10-point Times New Roman for
figure captions.

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Figure 4.1 Experimental Set-up

Pictures should be used only if they are necessary to explain a result. In general,
use a flow diagram or schematic diagram are preferred rather than use pictures of
equipment or procedures.

Figures should be numbered consecutively within the chapter and compiled in a

“List of Figures” as part of the front matter.

If a figure is to be oriented in “landscape” format, then it should be oriented such

that the figure is facing the right.

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Chapter Five

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

5.1. Tables
All tables should be explained in the text. Figures should be inserted after they are
first mentioned in the text. They should be placed as close as possible to the text while
considering layout and paging. Tables should be located on a single page.

Each table should be accompanied by a table number and table heading, centered
above the table. Tables are numbered consecutively within the chapter. (See Table 5.1.)

Table 5.1 Coded values for Box-Behnken Design

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If a table is to be oriented in “landscape” format, then it should be oriented such

that the table is facing right.

Chapter Six

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The thesis proposal and the thesis follow the same format, with the following
exceptions:

1. The title page is changed to reflect that this is a thesis proposal.

2. A “recommendation sheet” with the adviser(s) signature is attached instead of
an “approval sheet”. Signatures of the panel members, the chair and the dean
are not required.

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3. There is no “Acknowledgements” section in the proposal nor is there an
“Abstract”.
4. There is no “Results and Discussion” section in the proposal, although a
“Preliminary Results” section may be included.
5. There is no “Conclusions and Recommendations” section in the proposal.
6. The Appendix in the proposal contains additional data, information or picture
relevant to the research. In the thesis, the Appendix contains supporting
material for the thesis, such as raw data, calibration curves, etc.

LIST OF REFERENCES
[The American Psychological Association (APA) style is used for the references.
All references are listed in alphabetical order. All references are listed together. The
references are not justified, not indented in the first line and with 0.5” indentation in the
succeeding line. References are single space within the paragraph and are separated by
1 line.]

Ahmaruzzaman, M. (2010). A review on the utilization of fly ash, Progress in Energy and
Combustion Science, 36, 327-363.

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Ajemba, R. O. and Onukwuli, O. D. (2012). Dissolution kinetics and mechanism of
reaction of Udi clay in nitric acid solution. American Journal of Scientific and
Industrial Research, 3, 115 – 121.

Department of Energy (DOE) (2011). www.doe.gov.ph/list-existing-power-plant

Department of Energy (DOE) (2015). www.doe.gov.ph/philippine-power-statistics

Fogler, H. S. Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Fourth Edition. Pearson

Education Inc. 2006

Gallardo, S., Pangayao, D., Ronquillo, R. and Salido, B. (2012). Chemical

Characterization of Coal Ash from a Typical Coal-Fired CFB Boiler. 5th ASEAN
Environmental Engineering Conference (AEEC), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

Levenspiel, O. Chemical Reaction Engineering, Third Edition. John Wiley and Sons.
1999

Method 3050B: Acid Digestion of Sediments, Sludges and Soils, US EPA (1996)

Pangayao, D. C. (2012). Leachability of Chromium from Coal Bottom Ash using

Continuous Column Test. Directed Research, De La Salle University – Manila.

van Hullebusch, E. D., Yin, N-H, Seignez, N., Labanowski, J., Gauthier, A., Lens, P. N.
L., Avril, C. and Sivry, Y. (2015). Bio-alteration of metallurgical waste by
Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a semi flow-through reactor. Journal of
Environmental Management, 147, 297-305.

APPENDIX A: SAMPLING OF RAW MATERIALS

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APPENDIX B: ICP – OES AND AAS ANALYSIS

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