SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

GENERAL CHEMISTRY 2

Laboratory Report Sheet No. 02

PROPERTIES OF SOLID
Participatory?*
Grade and Section:
Group No.: Yes No
Group Leader: (Surname, First Name MI)
Members:

*Write ‘x’ to indicate participation. Provide the details at the end of this Report Sheet.

Activity No. 1: Difference between Crystalline and Amorphous Solids

OBJECTIVES:
a. Differentiate amorphous from crystalline solids.
b. Identify the distinguishing features of amorphous and crystalline solids.

Materials:

• Large kitchen bowl

• Two sizes of round candies*
• If 2 sizes of round candies are not available you can use any round object with the appropriate size.
*Candies should be different in size, but larger candy should be no more than 3 times larger than the
small candy. Both types of candy should be perfectly round.

Procedure:

1. Pour enough of the smaller candy into the bowl to cover the bottom with one layer of candy.
Each candy represents one atom. Gently shake the bowl from side to side and watch how the
“atoms” move. Keep shaking until all of the atoms line up in straight lines, as seen in the
picture to the right.

Guide Questions:

a. What do you notice on your model?

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b. What type of solid was shown by your model? __________________________________________

c. How many directions of ordering can you find?
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d. What happens at the edges?

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e. How will you describe the orientation of the particles? Write down your observations.
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2. Take the bowl with the small atoms and add the bigger atoms (the larger size candy). Yo do
not need as many of the bigger atoms, estimate one fourth to one third of the small atoms.
Mix the atoms with your hands until all the big atoms have been distributed. Again, gently
shake the mixture and watch what happens to the atoms. The model should start to look
something like the picture on the right.

Guide Questions:

a. What do you notice on your model?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

b. What type of solid was shown by your model? __________________________________________

c. How many directions of ordering can you find?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

d. What happens at the edges?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

e. How will you describe the orientation of the particles? Write down your observations.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Explain Further

Based on your experiment list down two sentences that explains the distinguishing features of
crystalline and amorphous solid.
Activity No. 2 Properties of Crystalline and Amorphous Solids

Directions: Fill up the table below showing the differences between crystalline and amorphous solids.

Properties Crystalline Amorphous

Nature

Geometry

Melting

Heat of Fusion

Isotropism

Cleavage

Rigidity

Activity No. 3: Conceptual Problems

Objective: Determine the difference in the structure of crystalline and amorphous solids.

Directions: Read and answer the questions briefly but substantially. Write your answer on the space
provided.

a. Why is the arrangement of the constituent atoms or molecules more important in determining
the properties of a solid than a liquid or a gas?
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 b. A student obtained a solid product in a laboratory synthesis. To verify the identity of the
solid, she measured its melting point and found that the material melted over a 12°C range.
After it had cooled, she measured the melting point of the same sample again and found that
this time the solid had a sharp melting point at the temperature that is characteristic of the
desired product. Why were the two melting points different? What was responsible for the
change in the melting point?
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Activity No. 5: Observing and Comparing Solids

Materials:
 Magnifying glasses
 Sugar
 Salt
 pepper

Procedure:
 Observe granules of sugar, salt, and pepper under a magnifying glass, and observe the
similarities and differences between these common materials.
 A pinch of each material should be taken from its container and placed on a piece of paper or
board paper. Using different magnifying glasses with different powers, they will examine the
grains.

Guide Questions

a. Can you see the difference between the sugar and salt granules? Can you see the different
angles?
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b. Are there angles in the pepper? Does it look crystalline?

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c. Which of the substances appears to be made of crystals?

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d. Defend your answer with evidence from your observation. What did you use to help you
decide which are crystals, and which are not?
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Activity No. 5: Build me Up

Objectives: use models to point out the angular and side length differences that characterize the
cubic, triclinic and rhombohedral crystal systems.

You will need:

• copies of the pattern pages printed onto card stock (any color)
• scissors
• white glue
• paper clips or clothespins to hold joints while they dry (optional, but recommended)

Directions:
1. Copy the pattern pages onto card stock. (Tip: Card stock feeds through most
computer printers, so if getting to a copy shop is hard, keep a supply of card
stock on hand so you can print onto it using your computer’s printer.)
2. Cut out the crystal shapes. Cut on all solid lines.
3. You may want to “score” the dotted fold lines using a ruler and a very sharp pencil.
Run the sharp pencil point along each fold line. Press hard enough that the paper is
slightly dented. This will make folding very easy.
4. Pre-fold along all the fold lines. Don’t be overly concerned about folding the wrong
way because any pre-folding is better than none at all.
5. Put a SMALL amount of white glue on one or two of the tabs. White glue is very
strong and you don’t need a lot of it. Press and hold those one or two joints for at
least 30 seconds. If you don’t have the time or patience to hold the joints, clip them
with paper clips or clothespins and let them dry for a few minutes.
6. Take a picture of your works and upload it in the table provided.

Note: To insert an image, right click on the provided box > Format Shape > Shape Options > Fill > Picture
or texture fill > Insert picture from File. Then, find and select the image to use, and click Insert.

Cubic Crystal Template

All axes are of equal length. All axes are at 90°

to one another.
 Triclinic Crystal Template

All axes are of variable lengths. All axes are at

variable angles.

Rhombohedral Crystal Template

All the axes are equal. All axes are at angles

other than 90°.
SUMMARY OF MEMBER PARTICIPATION:

Grade and Section: Group Number:

Role Name of Student Details of Participation

Leader
Members

By affixing my signature below, I confirm that I have read and agreed on the above summary
of member participation for our group’s Laboratory Activity No. 01 (Properties of Liquid) in
General Chemistry 2 during this Second Semester 2022.

Insert signature Insert signature Insert signature

(Name of Leader) (Name of Member) (Name of Member)

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(Name of Member) (Name of Member) (Name of Member)

SUBMISSION
Submit your Laboratory Report Sheet No. 01 in .pdf through our schoology course