ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT 2 Course Oomnine - WAVEFORM parameters * VeRIcD < PeeQquency * RADIANS + ANGULAR Vetot I s ANEUAR Frequency “PHASE shiEY ; & ‘PEAR ¢ INSTANT NEUES VALUES % ~ SRies AND PARALLEL CARGUIT OF PLO ~ \MPEDANCE ~ ADMITTANCE T FILTERS AND RESONANCE WYE AND DELTA CONFIGBRENONS OF CenceAToRS 4 ranean’ POWER VieTERWE 7 9 - VATTMETER pie THOD + 1 - watTUTTER METHOD ~ POWRRF ACTOR COMpUTATIONS <— TexrBookf + ELECTRIC ciRw 20D EPMO AoTHoRr + THEODORE =F. pOEART UR.co fp ALTERNATING CURRENT — FuNoaMENTAL 4 ft) bar. __by, | . © yh ° FI 8 St | 7 ONE THAT PERIOn: > = = ee] rs é 3 LLY RENERSES POLARITY | | An AC YOUAGCE cource - propoets ELECTROMOTVE FORCE HOSE POLARITY REVERSES AT PeRiopiC NreRVaLS Cx. AC GENERATORS | OSCILLATORS | sjonaL Cente zaTERS ae is ie MAXIMUM CoRGENT IW USEamNe _pyRECTON: oe NATING REASONS FOR GENERATING area ENERGY AS ALTERNATING . _ FoR CONSTANT SPEEPWORK Oomrent ALTERNATING CopRENT AW Be HEH VOLTAGES, AND THESE VOLTAGES CAN BE RAISED AND LOWERED READILY mT os POCs BLE TO BLILD IN 1AREE UNITS JO RUN AT ANP THE OPERATING Cost ° AND SUCH CENCPRATORS AR HleH SPD TURBINE DRIES. THAT INDUCTION MOTOR RAS THE wleu TRANS MISSION Erricences OPTAIWABLE wim ALTER LATING ORR ENT Wave or CEN ERATE ELECTRICAL Quercy BA SINELE STATON AND TO pictReurr s A LARGE TepRropy. THE ALTERNATING CURRENT o INDUCTION VICTOR © MORE ETFICIENT THAN iRpeT __ARPENT _ MoTOR ANP IS LES¢ ow FIRST Copy ANDO __ 1 MAINTE NARCE _OxTs, “owns, JS parr yo THe yar _ _ GENERATED AT — COMPARINVELY BY MEANS OF STATIC TRANFORNERS, ALTERNATING coppeyT een eraroR : teh SPEED sO THE CONSTRUCTION eee LETTE EEL EEL E ADMIRABLY ADAPTED so PER KiLOWwATT ARE Low NO COMMUTATUR WE CONOMICAL om . IN LARGE QUANT ES | OVERE fgg TE Ctwerator i: AN FLECTRIC GENERATOR is A MACHINE = WHICHt TRANS TORM S MECHANICAL Power INTO ELECTRIC ENERGY. FLUX DENSITY CFLUX Tar joves ROM NOMA TD SOUTH) Z > length (m) Vv = velocdy , fc mp DAO Yb AT Posinen 7, ais? e = (sin Mx% = -0-207 Ky POSITION Zs as® e= tonas? AT POSTION 2 5 e@ = )smaoe AT posmon © 5 145° c=) mis? = 0909 eee Sy WD oT posmon 4) e- Vsnjeor = 6 Ay POSmMON S, 228° e= bonrse % O17PERIOD AND FREQUENCY t— = < A PERIOD OF AN AC WAVETORM 1s ONE WHOSE VAWES ARE REPEATED AT REGULAR —WTERNALS- - PERIOD, T : > THE TIME REQUIRED FOR THE YALUEC TO RISE AND FALL THROVEH ONE COnIPLE TE CYCLE pe rat 4 WE FREGUENCY OF AN AC. _ WAVEFORM, “TAT OGUR Ww 10 S€c- Or cycves ~ FREWUEWCY 1S THE RECIPROCAL oF _ PERIOD: } cycles 7 y. - _ fie dO Ge° cocoyy ———M_st ois Bs Me = = 1 yeh bo Wa = Heycle eeef PROPLEMS | “Big 9 IN AC Waveromm MAC A PeBIOD OF 2ms. wuaT Is me « FREQUENCY 7 ta oe WHat 1S THe eRIOD OF AK Ac WAVEFORM WHOS@ 4 Mie 7 OF AN AC WAVERRM aceoR WN 0.49 cee Sy aT OS HE DeRIOD OF =THE (WANE HRM 7 a4) AN AC _ WAVEFORM HAS A FREQUENCY oF IehH2 YOW MUCH TIME os Re RED FOR Wo cycles m Occug? 2) FWD He PERIOD AND FREQUENCY 4) VOTO ¥ ’ 2 ; o 12 cycles 7 “ate ed aby pee eee AY Whe ish) 1OmSee Lf / 290 ~e 4 esRADIANS AND ANGULAR FREQUENCY = Coen RADIAN (RAD) Is THE S| NT OF ANGLE MIS RELATED TO _DEeRteS BY: “t a 7 2n RADIANS = 3b0° \Rap ~ 5”..2459° AOU NOOO Oe me TRAMAR 1S THE ANGLE SUBTENDED By AN ARC wwoce LeNeTH if eQUAL JO HF RAs. . yh 2aoran 7 ; = aware zt 7 = aie 7 e- | CONVERT 45° y RADIANS. 7 cor = Footage tn rad a 7 - = Pepe OES RAD : 7 ; ™ 2 CONVERT “1m eave TD peemes eae ~ apg Ea age Bae : re NSS 2ytap = 72700 = >. Converr | podin Dryers ona tread 26" stay® “daredont PADIS Wek PRODUCE “More CYCLES e PER SECOND THAN A SVOWLY ROTATING © Raps. WE SPEED > OF ROTATION _ ii ie ASUpeD By THE | AMOUNT OF AueLe. THE p RAIS Sweers A Gwen ANovsT of TIME. is > SPEED 1S CALLED gnévur VELOCITY, we > Rad bee E c > —— = 7 > NO. OF RADIANC OF ANSLE _t | SEW. > = oe 3 »— : = p TUE CINE WAVE CAP Be EXPRESSED AS A FONCTION OF - otme BY p Sin& = gn wk ri NOTE THAT ONE CY¥ci1e IS THE CAME ag 20 RADIANS. y TINCE FREQUENCY Js THE ND. OF CYCLES pRoDucEy oN 0 sec. NG ALSO THE NO. OF pApiANS pREpCED WN 1 Sec 1S 2M OTIM®S PRETENCE \p ns tle ee) —— - —e& . Dp ad — - = — Wart tad see __©& _— ——- - aan e » Xone + span dly & = sin we & L &. ANGULAR Yetociry = AN6UUR FRERVENCY <. : = -_ PROBLEM eS ‘ ENER TAY Yl) > On Bake t, two = t. )_ANevLR Setocmy =~ - 2. THE FRE Quency = = 3 Te peziop OF THe WAVE Fo 2Ny = 4. SKETCH THE WAVE FORM — 5 -e _ Soumon: = bk wes Big, G rad|sec — ' We anf = BNA 2m F = = oT ge 7 Pare ——— + 4: (9) om JO Ta oSi ee ee ee iia PROBLEM » © Wear is He pewoD oF. THE ¢ING WAVE Y= cin (2m xh yt 2 We di yI0° rad Isec UW arg aati = aS aoe ~ 20 x1Oo Seer eee tee ee tes Pe 7 f Mia ppeslag™ @©_FND Tie pNcvUAR FaequeicY OF Tie Ac eee __SPOWN: eat ate Fe oye 7 SkHe We 2nf We In (SkH) = [0000 77 rad] sec‘o TF We ANGULAR FREQUENCY OF A SWE _ WANE) 1 ls b2 X10 papjsec ) AT WHAT POINT mo TMe “povs THE FIRST scycue PEACH AI MAXIMO M Posthve YALUE cn ‘ox uf) ae : WE 2 Yo radpsee sahara Ww ae bay S rad _ DEAL AND WSTANTAWE Our “NalUES aceenenneapPebadeunanaena PEAK VALUE (Vp) ae ba ~ THE WASLibond VALOE REACH! ie WAVEFORM, ae Ae =e | ee 7 -__pIFFERENCE pete The @ ven Pug oS i 7 WE PEAK YALUE OF Kone ee ee IAVE FOR “A AMPLITUDE —MaseroRn ASD cated _‘4 vi) iia 3 = Vpsm wt 3 + uf): Tp sin wt 2» a = Yep 5) = | STANTANEOUS VALUE OF AN ac WAYE FORM te sh naltitee JAP A SPECIFIC IWSTANT OF Me. EX. THE |WSTANTANEQUS = YALUE OOF (0-23 in 100-4 —Anperes 422m _s . a= 3 cin (1002 0"*) eae 7 ee = O54 Amps. : PROBLEM : Aa FIND THE INCIANTANEDUS oF V(K> Ssin Carnie t) yore @ 4) 0 see b) 26 us 2 GS us — 2 2 2 ca om > = => = > P 2 = 2 Pe 2 * a a) WWO- 5 a0 ea 10)¢0)] c) V9 = Ssin [ee xiot\(esu)] v@ +0 v Vi): -q.04s V ~ b&) VO= Seman x')(esus)]wee —E & wae \ Vi) = Vpsmwt i): Jpn ut AC WAYEFORM tecors, .wALUE AT YO = 3cinyoo’ —Anperes @ +7 2ms At = 3 cin (100x2K 07°) FIND THE WCTANTANEDUS oF (OF Sein (Camxit) youre @ PE¥RVYESYPEE OE 2 DOV eos 5 ein [an 19] ON VO= 5 cian x104)(zsus) | a § Ye c) VO = Ssin [ea x104 (su) | N(t)= -4.045 VA 7 ius w > 2nfF in lod = aaa e LAP anf tnx tof _ 20 10000 GK fergig) a =—JOD_ssec Te 10700 10 PROBLEM: i = WRITE VOLTAGE HAVING VALUE OF gov. Vs FiNp We “yaLue OF O-G sin (400 «mA _ EQuaus is Peak VAWE. HE MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION. POR A sp 2 _ Seto THe & ate id @ we we _WSTANTANRDUS YALE OF SIND SOIDAL WAVEROR 10, ‘HHP OHARA HHMRAHRANANHKRH Deen e i... kATIPDQSUVEY Y PV VB VF Oe ENN SISO ANSWERS- \ 1(E)= 046 Sin C400 e) mA Ws 400 we anf 2 400 pea fF. 7 66 he * Wr 2n (SDH2) We fon rad |sec V(t)? 80sin lowe V ) T= go, ~ msec) oe ; WHAT ic THE WeraNTANEOus AWE OF FY) AT THe TIN] waResPOKDING 6 = 20°? 7 ooo V@= Mon port Vo, $= VO =O cin por pT WO = 64.28 V | | | | | | | geenad oun eee eeonanan +out ADoMme AlteLe J TD Anele &: CavSES. HE WAVEFORM -T? pe = a SMFTED 0 tHe Rehr oP ww THe LeFy, 2 iF g is €9— wo HE err — ee ( . 06 sin (o110%e + PDA iW = OS sn (ox 1.50 fe ee = 8x10 iii et i GB * 8 X105 (0.25M) a _— seo tee ce 33 3 ° - a = “eae = ae Ue) = 0.44 8 a w@aae_edBnaet *@A mp pe nnahRnAaneeehe hRehuenannaa2 Ts 0.Bme 7 a 7 > Fz [25082 x2 = 1500 He - 7 2 T= 0.4ms 7 3 oF = .2me mane 2 #4 _ : > 9M = 42560 (89494 445%) 7 PW, 2. ? P- 2 2 > a se! = 4 mine| eit bil) = “hay (an xre pot “8 ) oo 2 = 7 yo! Wem Oebhebmeeananeacaacts. |SEE ENVYSS VESEY 2 dea aus eee © Hs 4 Wis fe ws (wt -F tad) my cs © = 0» (€ 1903) V.(9 = esi (wt av’ oh ® = = [8 Sin (ut--J F +40) = = sm (ut. 444) : < Jeads Ve by dS ee aoe ie é y Vi) = 0.04 Sin (307t 95) 7()_ 7 75.7 Sy nn + a) a) A leade ae ae ~ Vl) leads 1 ly 7S. as ee . = — = L ©) iQ = 1 om (wk 10°?) mh 1 273% cin (ut -0) aft — (0. ads v9 by or 30 lade it) by: eee creer eee eee eee & | dg i = Bos (yt 40°) ie d V(t) 2-25 (ee qos Ee eee ——_—————~ers T(t) = 9 sim (#10 tre) enue aes SE ee" . : IC i ( tio) cea See ea ® al y, | le reterinnr: | | es | ee | jet | oe? — fa |AVERAGE AND EFFECTIVE = VALUES TRE AVERAGE vAWe OF A. WANEFORM OF ALL fs WANEFORM, OVER A IS THE AVERAGE PERIOD OF TMmE V, UM OF ALL ITS values IN A SPECIFIC TIME AVE = NA SPECIFIC TIME SYM BY. THAT Te EXAMPLE: 4 s * 3 = a > 3 a ~ > > > > 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2| ic Vow x2 wf Vpsinwtde S fee : a - L 7 <4, ae te Pana 2 ea { oan Jos A Hate ‘ + “oe Wp _[-ca vt) ; | ‘ : # 7 1 we cs ws A ; s 4 }— 2 | _ = ey ‘ | peace [oe yy | ee ae : tp pp saeSRERREen GREEN Peres j - Pees FP#**M aE Re annanannb> bt aw oS eo puus y \w\\ é VUVULVILELY? . * rst aT) mA LFFECTIVE OR RMS VALUE THE EFFECTIVE CURRENT A ewen oR As WwW ois Bur sin "6 = 5 (1- corre) VOLTAGE 7; 7 ay 3p f ; an a J,2 Tams* ine dn 2 L Tous ® ee | an oR RMS (Roor -MEAN- SQUARE) VALUE OF ke THAT CURRENT OF YOLTAGE THROUGH RES) STANCE PRO DUCES THE SAME HEADING €FFECT EQUIVALENT DC CURRENT, W UO? tp’ sine n-t9 do Tymy = 2 Tams = 270% Tp [ 6- Lewco]” Vas * 0.707 Vp © |PROBLEM (-@) FIND. THE EFFECTINe VALUE “OF Ac.) CURRENT __1(8) = 42 sin Go00t + 48°) “Tp = 42 Tums = 0.709 Tp Tec = 0.1109 (4-2) Tues 29604 A == ee b) THE AC VoLtAse cuppiiep TD A @NNENIENCE = ouTte TT WA Home HAS A PREQUENCY OF 60 hen” Wane TE MATHEMATICAL ExpREscioN For Ws VoLTAce ar 4 __ONVENENCE COOTET ASSUMING ZERO PHASE \p Ip sm *ob But sintwe 2} (Cr ws9wh) nsAC _NOLTAGE AND GlRRENT IN A PURELY CabAcimve CIRC esvwv ONT fads 7 Pa qo? woes Vi = Vp sm vt “ ~ —— - he Vpe sin wt , —_ ~ i ae ny Com aeiete ‘SB ow Ne \NG dh EA 90 ka aa ee 7 Wp a OO we — 4} ioe ws wh I pe gee te © OE WDD AWAD ND Ne SD WD is 7 in (wt + qu) ; — h- Pe ¥ jk = Olin - o |sinusvidal wawebom Ri a THe _MPEVANCE | 2 OF A chpAGHOR Gade ae CoRPENT TO LFAD THE VOLTAGE By qo" The impedance > Z, eee Le Ke Fg? rsaa gp HE Power. : Pe Yi= Npemwt Sp ox wt ~ = 2 Wtp ongut F P20 Gonsumed power? _ a a Ae FP Cowes) YZ Af PURELY INPUCTINE cuts | rere | q] 2 = = Ips sin sin (wt -4u") =a = - Ld woe Te “IMPEDANCE ru We tt = Vpcinwt — - ; As xX Lae di = * Sin wt de ae __* io M2 sin Ct - 90°) 7 4 o> a whee 4s Wh dhl 2ayO Vpsin we {ale Fe sin wt a | | | ~N “Prope THE OORRENT __TeRovet AN a Ey _Mantenanche 1: Ou Gp im (400% ace WO = Vy sin (dove =26°44g) ~ =— VQ = \p sin _(devetess) — — oe, ee XFL = box ge xj0°3 = a Xe? 392 2 = 32140?a eID co Wye 3a Vr oe ns VO = 3.1 sin (oot tes | Ss 7 Ig sw (att no ~3 i> Tp sin( tn x10 107 Tp tin (2n Xy074 - Jw? fur (air x10) 4) AS Au = 9613219123 — - At ; —Tps =e 20d — ~ 2SBU4 12> KO? “De') MA oy awe th (Hepa) wh 7 > . s Q 3 ? ° ? F 2 a ‘8 as desi [ » > ed > = > > 2 2 Z_ 5 COMPLEX NOMBeRS AND pHAcORS F covrex pane 7 2 TA RECTANGULAR COURDINATE SYSFEM Im! watcy a Pr THE REAL NUMBERS pe. PLorred ALONG = The oj HORIONTAL (REAL Axis) AND IMDeIWARY Nomsers a iS tf cr > ALONG THE veRrcat Clmacibaey ) axis . : oP ae a . - J a Jef \3 = |“Mt atjb © pectanglae pom M o> me € porar FoR ns at 14 = 5 655. * = ayt 2 © [ma fs 5343 = a +3 26 ap rtZ __ Pow > Rectangular: X = ; __5 4538 = SO Rah sane he = stud Convert Te follwing Gwpex Nowpene vee mb To 2 3h@r J=18. 35°ee 4 ay? f-30" 93 YW? + hyjo7?. PHAS ORS IN POAR FORM EXAMPLE: ~ SINUSOIDAL FORM __PRASOR (POLAR) FORM GY = BO sin (S714 4qr) 7 (6) = 0.08 cio eA - VU) = Jo sin (10 - 1p) __YECOR DIAG KAN VUVUUULNS Sv eb ewes nara ae ae & ees A PHACOR IS A MATHEWATICAL REPRESENTATION OF AN AC GuaNnry- er Xz Wh = “IW pom geo oS oe z ae — = iy ‘i _ & ke 5 2 a i. Sti THI econ, DIACLAM a CF HC ' e J wie _@)~ 1) Ejn - J e at e spear Zeq = 8 Oy Wat ae { Dee : 2 y Beg. = (Xp } (qu 5 hileia = as 140 Jo” wee : os , Cs ; s "Tsien st ave “ $-)4a 4.04 224.8) ° mich Vee ee \p it (8-24Za7 81) 9) vo btle C2781 : 4 we) ase 86 ZIRT ‘tes (PRET ew) = a. Og : a Vi) > om Zoi Quaae @ Dim, tHe Vecme DikgRAMS of [tps 3, AND Ir. TS EP UU UU UU SS Ob ew 2 weg Jo Lo + £153.2° — 7 6 Fh /sage ee (toee (5 653. > se 53a 057-139 eouOUI aye Li 23, go L303 IH Ade L868 oer) (hE page 2385 968 Cavan + Wis - 3 - EBLE Z -3b-¥3 36% LO ae HUBLI 09 FAC B.BI Bet Ly BERL 0-84. _ Bee <- 084 BR LO8d Zeq - QA’ HDI 1G © Tee) BSY tig ck!. j | a ; 4 po mee : ; gp Lo alo T Solo | 2eq aL ; “Te Sa SS 0 deck t r , TL 10st “4 = sys ise Lieder 4 — - 7 ee, SLO > rt , SS € a > 1b E- 53138" Fee paar « Ty 2 829.87 4 ers “ai, Cieas 3 a VoMage foads 1k Curent , « pecdomnant |y_ mduchve. € = i 4 4 a . & & “€ ~ ~e —% G ¢IN The CRT CHOWN BELOW AT We 400 rad fee Te Weeenr LehOS THE VOLTAGE DY 63.4%, FIND Rand We VOLTAGE zg Y- —Npe no” 1 Ieads V by 624° a u\ y Xs wh = Am (zen) ee ee 9 —tanos tan o3-4 by \ 2 wv 4 \ v ws, ° Ve = 6 403-4 (20.05). a Jog de3.4” FA tL Rl Yoe L6R-F CLD 2 god gg SHUT, Moe ETAT (SUEY STOOL Hho 449 t a s Ross EACH CKF ELEMENT . pahu HE VOLTAGE Ve TIDE DIAGRAM. s ere = 0.035 {WE power i = *£ ew . riers c € Pag (has Viopsen, + Ae 8 THOS |e = a Sree Visin @ ba | Ps = 6 aM _ és e ———s = Fg AE © WHERE TPS Yad V eb ; P> WATS = TRUE power , _ Q: VAR = REACTIVE poweR Ss OL arparenT rower POWER AND power PAcToR ANGLE ys bp) "" pt = cos © - where @ & THe ape Foejwean ME) vounce _¢ GRRENT — & ~INpvenue cr a - oo SS = Wer = pe we iy oe __|-_PORERPACOR CAG») lke ME coir os —__MEPMWALNY — ppvome. - a 2S tee PACE eine edt ag PREPOMINADTLY APA CIN «Give: Cer showy twos Sr, Ip, ph ancve hc. P7Mcxe — G2 Wan (Wollage trmpere Reach) gz (eH -ampere) P = Oe NeJe ce (re s a 6 = tin @ , PIMPEDANCE TRIANGLE &: Pity Gee) et A 3 1 Rs /Rttye “ts t oo yee R © = tat jan [em | ae | | FIND. Pf. O, DRAW THE poweR tmiANece , Ty Xe = jie * Gon@ir 8bsT RS —j2a] 9 S3IST La Tr = Gondo 4} URICw + o3y7q0 ee ee Ty = Gom + 0134rr ow L-6ea AL - ph 2= Goa? . — = POWRR BERR TRIANGLE _ - PEM ese = Go lot)arieg? = 56 vans Q = in o 6.24 wads vee 6 co wo | _ 224 ne 7 | 8-2 - _ - aa \MPEDANCe RANGE gps WS eet Sa eed ; ap os Lg AO Led = [wo epee NN SUS VV VV VUE SIO dT. v_Oewmweev! | | } _ a p so 4 3G. =X Co 7 ge |oo.ty an QUIZ dec 8,0044 | i SERIES: PARACEL Ce i t I r e € € € € __NOUAGE AcROgs Each - COMPONENT J. = p , = D MAKE A PHACOR DIAGRAM SHGWING) AL. CURBENTS AND e ANOTHER PRASOR DVAceAM SHOWING AU -vOUTACES p e€ Ee 7 Zi= Xe =wl = (0)(tomy = ene jin. _& dh: al 23 = z = @OO.Q = ~\2000 - . we ay “8 a. = as y 25s Joo=j200 = B224/-48° S505 a =e ROO= J HOF 36S i -e gy = Wa. OLGA 2 eo = . - rata prey =O Lala. of S “a F e Vey - bs a » |“SF EVV VV SUNY VV Uwe SAPDB DI BSR eYUE® en @. Deng a 962 pay psp v— we 46D ev PHASOR DRCOAMS OF COPRENTS — ~ _PHASUR DIAGRAMS OP VotTAcesFin> WE POLATe FORM OF WE VOLTAGE Vab REMEEN e POINTS ab. Vay _- Gi) (+ Vi, =O e Ves WD 1, =50y ae —1,5 = 0.924 /-22 $24; o : Solo te 9-43-L96°| | | | Sisk} f | | | alal | | |. | 3 | | BA ace | IN | | SI5 | | | is | | | ard ch he: \ HATE HRARAKHAAAAAANA 1 rnoeceerrener4 I} | a f > ot it i « € _ e e e i? _& e s 3 3) Tee. « 7 - BRIE eS « Er Tr Any ai —— . Unt toh?s 7 s 4pesuyu SIS ow END! 8p 93 30 138.59 2 an Hf iasetean? ay - So LR a1 2 98.0" eReerd 10-42%, 4) 98S ost wu ‘ese-a8.91 d i : ER SNNVN WA We ee 2 aleAc Mece ANALYSIS -_ ~ FW The QRRENT ja THE Avrsayor | TRACE - 7220 + ton, + jt, -j8r, -o nde (OHS £95 = lee © TRACE: Ty = eRe __ 47 FO + 827, - RH Ou ~j3r # (41) i -¢20 TER SBR Wo tj¥ =j¥ Js J4 CE dyy!Jaye 121 L3H 260 g 2-0 ~Lo Si. 42-2 crag Atv + jel, tsk : ~ ~S8T, + jal = -6L6. 7 \ = (2k if Re EE TS jan, | lo 4 58 FS2L2866 $5 £38.67, +543, $2 260 = TS2 Conf oe 7 543266 +54 Toe bsyq = jhe =—_—_- ——e: sjika wl wh Fk. USE MESH ANALUYSIC TD FIND THE VOLTAGE ACROss 2 eT INDUCTOR C ue z t [k@ My) oto V| yl meal 7 | TRACE Ty a> 54 wnt Gy PRR RRR aanae os} S44 ~joLo + eT, ajuk jan = jut, + £020 se (iktjiey gs, —j2k, = -2o O ‘Trace! I, Bc T2elo + jae tz - yt, ee =0 aj2kt + (Jikm) = 20 Lo pS JSN PVUNN NNN VV VV EF EST MANO FS SOT pee tote tj 2k Te je tj te z= Who 1524 (66 jams — ik Fi1k oT >-G+59 an > U49LFio mA Werth - zi is 199 L457 mA — 6-322 18.43 MA I: CS + mA a " ip = Th go L tos. 26” mA oT Mie he i Yee {il-40 Lies: 26) mak Cj 2k) We (2256 VO | Vi 22-2 2-444 vy] *USE WODAL ANALYSIS 7D FIND jae Goeeent peO0eH =e We wade aA -t = ~ APPLY KCL = eV, VES: -Slo + O.25V, (Ae) ae 20 SEO GY, + (U- 3 = Ory =a 870 oO ee : (Va-W) de Fe + Yor = “Yew “Th FI Ves peleleeeecesonaanteecepeepa aceEvi peVN USS % OS 8 8 8 Oo A888 .8 Be eT” Ls cv bd a) Mae ean = Cbg HO BD) y,* he b= jo c07 ; SOS 2 -8ee S VaalB = (48-jeVv Ve = (eal ~ (es voASS- EXEROSE pRopLeM O ‘ e eo an ( tHe | y > > - o 2oon (2x wigyma r r C7 « 30 sin (2x10 *€ $30") fs # em = De tong wdlal dnaliycis 72 A ads Fuov Ser ‘eo Vw = Na 9 as D> it . a} Igo Mech Ardytis fv pind the petar — porm of the aunt (pe Amasbe~ 7 oye pee - Joff-sdo4 jw 4 V. = 62-353 Vv Me = Via Ve = 20.88 £6997 7 Sig et USE CuPERPOEMON D> FIND THE OURRENT THROUCH THe f2o_p RESISTOR EXPRESS™ IN PoLap roRM. € achng dbne “S240 tysve ie JN * 7 it tS 1,7 642 uaz A ALIAS Wo t¢Z [sh er Pot sv“ W/2/ WL -hdoov SMES ESN NVVVUN DOM Oe aepy * J j10n - : = — Se o T45L0A : or +" ef e* ye Yost fara freee aioe Mops ; ee ie = ee; | l/¥ WRU Lo. ac — — ae = f pal = aca a EERE 6. slog 5 : nie acre i tee 8 a a a le 04022625 0.267 6734s oo — 64¢ L-4G3 3 + nd 7 = #7 em tia 3 G, Te / a sv ‘| C—) «ee ¢“Ley Vvovoeoneres naa asus THEVENINS 2 Norton's THEOREM \THEVENIN'S — EQUNALENT PRoBLEM : ; UP 1 a) Fin> TE THEVENINS AND Qorteps EQumlenr AY TERMIRALS c-b ») FID THE «VOLTAGE ACROSS YE IWDLCTOR WD rg THEN PRUNAL ERT474. 3418.43 a ~ < Jisd = 5 a Veo = _atdeLing [=~ a SE 9gsatee 7 [Vjcw= 9-49 L450" Quiz — dan. 24, 2009 VV VV Vv Sen GFF aaese eee7 are pik ee $m - MAXIMUM POWER TRANSFER ? 3 as { | In AG CiRGJMS| MAXIMUM POWER [s TRANSFERRED nail 70» 1eaD WHEN THE Leap is AN) IMPEDANCE. SQuUAL ©? TO He _OMPLEK __ CONSUGATE Poe _ tHe _THEVENIN ” | IMPEDANCE OF THE SOUR # FIND THE VAWE OF Tie” LOAD. INIPEOANCE THE RecuLrs IN MAX ROWER TRAN EeR to Sy ee ee ay ITERNATE MeTHoD | | LL Rodoce Ql Sources -fo 2er, fi We short cl cn "de ree z= _1@ tea a. peleamine fhe jooking back impedance. _— peplace ais sowce and det. jhe VoHage ay te Seminal “in qneshon .5 ee = [2l54 25] % > tev Srey > ee OQ = (tal=5>)5 Sw ON YN VNN NNO VV VV PP eer AEF SB Ss SSS JSY) ( jr Zs jm Ig) Pets SSPE EGS Har ilo = - = = 2.68/-79.98) Mer 79-72 f S0l-Ao = 2 Oo — ty? 2.6% £-494.4 =e \q 706 L313" A . +e * \yo2 Vez Taiy Vj 2 PO E7315 V 4 Lot s-€2-Sou > ho La. , (2 - ys) pga) FF =FILTER AND RESONANT CUTS A FILTER ~ ISA DENICE THAT YoODITIES: The - AmPLImDE OR MAGNITVE OF AN AG VOLTAGE Ac THE FREQUENCY __ OF THR VOLTAGE cHANGES fe en. — Ve ov - Pass FILTER MEDIUN- PREQUERCY — SI@ PALan ee ne 7 ee —- ‘ oo, | commer 4 iad = == ‘a> i oe =e lea" fpeccrey—aenar —— et \OU-PAS FIDE = Low= FREASEREY | Cleats Fp oy, — Aw Lape 2 ASS os Teoves ir “omits Dociwe He ‘oP MAcwimne pow FREQU: hic: KALS. Auahe roe YOMMORT wor * *) tel ee ON 4 = tAssaup —o' I woo UAL Cut ect! r PRaaeeau st SN SWS N'S VS GSS) b's le 's A HIGH PAcS FLTER - PASSES TeNAL WHC FeCqQuRCIES ARE ABOVE A CERTAIN) Cor OFF FREQUCRMC YY Bhp ATTENUATES OTHER A PASSBAND FILTER PAssec SONAL WHOSE FREQVENcIEs TIES oA GeRrAW BAND }, = She Feequyency BeLow me PASSBAND AT wich \Vo| = < Vin 7 _ : | = dhe = FREQUENCY «ABOVE He ay 7 is wHicd {Vol 2 yn te BAnnwiome Cow) (42-4) IhFE = = cere i | oe oe et put tem our b—_.. = A 10W PASS RO Fite te Le Vox Ve = tke sri XG) 4 30 5 ELLY Lut | | My LLGi At | iy | LU 26 9 WS Ve i)PROBLEM THE AUPlO FREGE AWBE (ME FOPENE UES THAT Cay HEARD BY THE NUMAN FAR) 1¢ SENERAUN concyreeD TO BE FROM JOHZ ThroucH 2 2. AN Auplo AMPEIMER AmpurlEs ELECTRICAL SIGNALS {N THA DANCE. A CERTAIN BAN wep wh AN AUDIO AMPLIFIER HAC A PASS BANP Cones to THE AUDIO FREQUENCY PANGE. me EFFECTVE vALWE 0 FILRR 0 _OuTRUT REACHES MAXIMUM OF ® $ =hokHe >pPASS FLT a WHAT IS THE BANDWIDTH oT THE b) Whar Ke ME PEAK _ VALUE | oF THE _ our @ Be? a ANSWER ~ —_ a ~ — eS NN SSNS NDS DNV S'S SF |ow- PAS Fibre ? aalelalelala a preMAXIMUM OUTPUT OF THe Prete is Vn: | |vo) -& Y TE VALUE OF Jol A ANY FRequeWoy PCAN Be HOUND cc = - THE TN, 6 ay ee ed ca ss et COT _OFF FREQUENCY OFTHE ANGLE OF THE GOTPUT VOLTAGE Vo deeteree 7 a Fron eq: | ‘ wo ne it Yo = "7 1 |} 2 l eae ve rs Ir weowy a MULTIPLY THE NUMERATBIZ a DENOMIMTOR BY 5 | a | Yo = =i = ein = xt : +h ywee— ASSVME THAT Ew HAS ZERO, PHACE LANGLE | THEN No WAS WE SAME ANGLE AS THE TERM Yfrue [We =O’ Taare AWLLSISE a a ePPRIS vy VVVVVP VV 8 eo, ~\ Iv > PROBLEM __ AN RC LOW Pace Fite GREATE A ¢o° PHASE LAS O) IF THE Fuser OAPACIIAKE Is OF RESISTANCE b) ir ew ~(¢ SIN WHEN Ty LAGE “en BY so” SOLUNON = oye? "O.2MF WHAT VALUE ZVe = - tan WRC tango = WRe - - lan @o “R we y 7 a ‘tan £0 \ iiss)?4 |, PROBLEM _Al_ WHAT FREQUENCY DOES THE OUTPUT oF THE * [FILTER pesienep IN TE pRopiem Ure @n BY a = ~ 30S 4an Ree 80 ¥ Han =n BE = = rue) fo 933-932 Em = Ved Vxe ; eel WA seCHANCED. SERIES RESONANCE Wo + on WE “TOTAL MDE DANCE INDUCTANCE MAGNITUDE OF % INCREAES w/ FREQUENCY P tesonange Fequec AND CAPACITA nee ELC Ccyit OF ANY weTWwORK RESISTANCE CHANGES CONTAIN: ES WHEN EREQUENCY _MAGNTUDE OF Ye DECREASES W/ FREQUEKCY THE ANCE OF & ls 490° AND THE Xe 1S _ A0® = _SEBIE Ss BC cer AT — RESDNANCE —_ We = ae =O WoL =O ie \ {ot Woe daa T- a __ Wes Je - —— - Wes Te aTE _Guauny FAC (Qa THE GUA tAcTOR (@) of A StmES RaTO OF REACTIVE pOWER OW EITHER THE pe CapaAcnoR 0 WE AVERAGE POWER A i = Se A ——PEACTNE powsTa pe ede a Qs ? ee & RESHANCEY r at RUIN PRAcnCce TE GuAuTyY FACOR je UreP AS Ant . INDICATOR OF CTHER ORF qaRACcER trys wat oT ARe MORE IMPORANF pan ENERGY 1 b aia a) ae - > ) Jp TT vars ( INoveToe) _— > FEACTVE Power = 7 - » LL pre Yeh vars ( CAPAGTOR) 4% _ > Ne eree power = nas > 7 — > > ee _ Zz Xe gy ft. WL i $ Qs re. Rk FR r , 2 - s r q” a a ir ely | |a i y = tot es Ce Quality OF the i) ddd 6 ee i ae, oe “S'S ™ ey Woe = jy fza0" and aks 2 & l= Ged Similarly | ror Vowage Gowss — Capadtor lve | 24 [te } 2-40" i Wel = @ lel \p Re See jomH Tork He cer ShOWN a) FIND JHE RESONANT FREQUENCY IN HZ b) FIND THE yALUE o Qs Cc: FIND JAE POLAR FORM OF YVa, Wb ANP Ye eC RESONANCE d) verry ve AROUND THe cer 2) PRaw A PRASOR piAcaaM cHowNNG v Ne ve i X% dd(Lc). Ot ats a an Tol) ila) —*VR? VW +Ve e€ = ja20°% + 126.45v Lo? 26.4% (45 € = (rLo- e rs my | | | | | fe ARK AAKAAAAAAAA CEy \ »’ - ‘ | PAPALLsL REsONANICE THIS (Pic) guy tains ts — : \ $y + > peers .wy. =» p ep ie SN TN TVG Vee ea 9) FD THe RESONANT FREQUENCY JK We. _b) FIND “Tie INDUCTIVE Axup APACIINE REA CTANCE 4 HE sua _ I hs pa wer OF THE Skt Ay RES. : ) Fmd tp ya 3 % @ REsowance, DRAU 4 _ PHA SR _ DIAGRAM Showing ALL These _ QUAN TRIES. ah ———. == (5y) te Ne aang SAM race b) x CaDeDe *4j) 223s We (8 44MY svg a4 MY Sor > 2237, 4a | 3 eet. BS 4aF od Ur jok 2235 gy jo x04 7 62g Gq Ok Le eee— 9-3 : ec Wye S E 3Lo ~— KFA ae a 3@0 ~ aE me et 40-9 noes 134290 mh a (ink) pei ‘PRORLEM = vias } ANP THE fora 4, ar Te RESONANCE _ Free.GEE RATURS SINGLE PHASE = GENEGATO 2.\ 3-PHast CeneRATDR ~ 3 SINCLE COIL HOUSED W ONE Unit wWPRRAARE RE — CENERATOR CONNE howe (Y) 2. vera (A) we ne : nl Can ~bbo s | “| L : een é@ een | | ol Sow ~ EL te mene Y=] ¢ - ei = ee A 1s 2, | fon 12a Very | J20* elector ™ toe = egrtes «pact Conon Sipe Link Sing WAY ie ESS PPPS DP DWI PV Cee eyNOMENCLATURES Cnass Gen Coy (0) SARE PuAse (f) VOLTACES C40, Coc, Cem (4) DARE Lie < vouTAcEs wi yee 7 Fav yon plee Cu) 2 Are Uwe conrents ey: a Jaws, tow, lew (tg) ART prAse _cuppenrs a ee FoR Wye “Wh eg96 en esl” : 4 ahead Of 3° by phase = Ve 5 Ang = Ea Ag Tens Jitosy ae i Gea = Blimp ner > Maga) VFA — Vat = bap 2 NAMA NGL GUL As (2290° ly = Log = OeoP” la = [eg = 0 Px 2 fag t Soc + Sea s o4jo Y sree + REP In = O4jo A 2 ee eS ee ee ee ee ee ee ee eeN. DELTA eeyepaToR € a ea ded wer2 A eo 2 “ 2 £ Sex Ge RReaas | é ao hyats/ a) 5 SSSSSSSNUG UGGS Ns Fe $s A X> A (oor touranoN rs [em he et + fom a | PP ow \ je een | an ik, ow AR SP 7 __A 1 RS? _* ton mY ceNeRaToR, LAD he San ley, = SAB A 2 Ra- he lau = ee ler = leo - ley ee lop = [ze lee _ PROBLEM : a oe YA sysrem Stow: THE PUASE SEQUENCE 16 ABC oe) Tid the wrentd in etichs b. Draw a phasor cliagnam Cirrenys ABC Can = 340L0°V Con ado~- Noy Con = 340/120 v AND Qan = @AaNcep Loar) Zac rk = Col so gy 340L0°V Phase shoayng load Ord IneTE Lae « han lee tau = FEI LJ = 98? Lip Me * It User the feo- lea aa = FRIAHO-~ FBZ Ip. z [# Le tes lac ~ lap a 2 Tere - Fee G4: EWSSNSNNSSNGUNC SG Cha ee soe. Y-Y CONFIGURATION Tr coro ABE RALANceD — Ip -O Woe cur: ; ' Brkt, = O18 your _ vetage fas O magmtvde op BqaV 9 Fe Cote rOoh phase CoH > 340 40° me phase sequence 1S CAB 4/ tind dne corrent in each lead a b. tnd the neetral o«reoy. c Drow a phaser diagram showing load ve ttnes 4, lead Corrente[Yes AFL > ty (vo) (og = 399 L408 oe ay fb pices ee eae eo = {toy = Moco Tag > RES —— es Moe = “R079 oe mm". .S”.hCUMtTCTlh Ge SSee ee ie ee ee jr ratTgt Vv «€ we PROBLEM == feu ¢ z eo ~ Sn So ee y i“ ene = a _ CWEN __ Paace” SEQUENCE ABC ak San = 2704.0" a Tyee _ lay = Bes Wl | yeyo Tay Hay + 1A! a 2 a ee thee acy aa 2 -\% ly = Bs Le So os as Jan > VF 270LetHO _ 46.44) io 5 = Het L-40* ce 4G TF LI?