Mark Scheme (Results)

Summer 2022

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE

In Chemistry (4CH1) Paper 1C

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
1 (a) nucleus ACCEPT nuclei 1

(b) 11 / eleven 1

(c) 1 / one / group 1 1

(d) 3 / three / period 3 1

(e) +1 / 1+ ACCEPT + / Na+ / 1

positive 1

IGNORE positive alone

Total 5
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
2 (a) 4
Change Change of
state

water to ice freezing

steam to water condensation ALLOW condensing

solid wax to liquid wax melting

iodine crystals to iodine sublimation ALLOW subliming
vapour

(b) (i) M1 heat ALLOW use hot water 2

IGNORE add more water

M2 stir / mix ALLOW grind / crush

the solid / mixture

(ii) filter ALLOW a description of 1

filtration

4
(iii) A description that refers to four of the following IGNORE any steps
points: before heating the
solution

M1 heat / boil (the solution)

M2 evaporate some of the water ALLOW until crystals

form on the end of a
glass rod
ALLOW until crystals
first start to form
ALLOW until the
solution is saturated

M3 leave / cool (the solution to crystallise) M3 dep on M1

M4 pour off excess liquid OR filter (to obtain M4 dep on crystals

crystals) having been formed

IGNORE references to
washing

M5 suitable method of drying the crystals e.g. place in an

oven / leave to
dry /use filter
paper / kitchen towel /
/ desiccator / heat to
dryness

If solution heated until

all the water
evaporates / heated
until all the water has
been removed / heated
to dryness award M1
and M5

If the solution is left to

evaporate all of
the water
only M5 can be
awarded.

Total 11
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
3 (a) (i) (crude oil/it is) heated / vapourised ALLOW evaporated / boiled 1
REJECT melted

(ii) gasoline ALLOW petrol 1

(iii) road (surfacing) / roofs / tarmac 1

(b) (i) M1 silica / alumina (catalyst) ACCEPT SiO2/Al2O3 / silicon 2

dioxide / aluminium oxide
/aluminosilicates / zeolites
M2 600 to 700 oC

(ii) Any two from: 2

M1 shorter-chain alkanes are in high(er) ALLOW C8H18 is in high(er)

demand / more useful / used for petrol / demand (than C13H28) / more
more flammable useful / used for petrol / more
flammable

IGNORE shorter-chain alkanes

are used as fuels

M2 alkenes are needed / used to make ALLOW C2H4 / C3H6 are needed
polymers / used to make polymers /
plastics

shorter chain hydrocarbons /

the products are in high(er)
demand / more useful / more
flammable scores 1 if no other
mark awarded

to create shorter alkanes and

alkenes scores 1 if no other
mark awarded
(c) An explanation that links the following three 3
points:

M1 sulfur dioxide produced when fuel is ALLOW sulfur / fuel reacts

burned with oxygen / oxidises forming
sulfur dioxide
IGNORE sulfur trioxide and
sulfur oxide

M2 (sulfur dioxide) dissolves in / reacts with ACCEPT (sulfur oxide / sulfur

rain / water trioxide) dissolves in / reacts
with rain / water
IGNORE mixes

M3 (causing) acid rain

Total 10
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
4 (a) (i) water is needed for iron to rust / react ALLOW reaction needs 1
water (and oxygen)

ALLOW increases rate of

reaction

(ii) brown (coating on iron) ALLOW red-brown / 1

orange-brown / orange /
orange-red
IGNORE red alone

(iii) Fe2O3 1

(iv) An explanation that links the following two points 2

M1 (the powder has) a larger surface area ALLOW (the powder has)
higher
surface area:volume

M2 so the iron will rust quicker/ the reaction will

be faster / the results are (obtained) more quickly

IGNORE references to the

collision theory
(b) syringe reading at start 81 ALLOW ecf on syringe 2
syringe reading at end 16 reading at start if syringe
change in volume in cm3 65 reading at end read
incorrectly

correct volumes the wrong

way round scores 1

(c) correct answer without 3

working scores 3
M1 (volume of oxygen =) 90 − 22 OR 68 (cm3)

M2 (total volume at start =) 260 + 90 OR 350 (cm3)

M3 68 x 100 = 19.4 (%) ALLOW ecf on M1 and M2

350 in M3 as long as the answer
is less than 100%

ACCEPT any number of sig

figs except 1

26.2 (%) scores 2

25.7 (%) scores 2
75.6 (%) scores 2
34.6 (%) scores 1

Total 10
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
5 (a) (i) M1 (compounds with) same molecular formula ALLOW same number of 2
carbons and hydrogens /
atoms of each element

M2 different structural / displayed formulae ALLOW different 1

structures / arrangement
of atoms
(ii) (5 x 12 + 12 x1 =) 72 1

(iii) pentane spelling must be correct 1

(iv) M1 either order 2

M2
(b) A description that refers to any five of the following IGNORE any colour changes 5
points: given

M1 ethane needs UV (radiation) to react IGNORE UV for ethene

M2 ethane produces bromoethane IGNORE any references to

temperature and pressure

M3 ethane produces hydrogen bromide / HBr ALLOW formulae

M4 reaction with ethane involves breaking C-H bond

/ reaction with ethene involves breaking C=C bond

M5 ethane reaction is substitution

M6 ethene produces dibromoethane

M7 ethene reaction is addition

ALLOW formula

M1, M2, M3 and M6 can be

scored from word or
chemical equations

Total 11
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
6 (a) (i) Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2 IGNORE state symbols 1
even if incorrect

(ii) (squeaky) pop with lighted splint 1

(iii) M1 amount of magnesium = 0.090 ÷ 24 OR 0.00375 (mol) 2

M2 amount of HCl needed = 2 × 0.00375 = 0.0075 (mol)

(which is less than 0.025)

OR

M1 amount of magnesium needed = 0.025÷2 OR 0.0125

(mol)

M2 mass of magnesium needed = 0.0125 × 24 = 0.3(g)

(there is less magnesium than needed)

ALLOW any number of

significant figures

(b) (i) all points plotted correctly to the nearest grid line 1

(ii) best fit curve starting at 0 and levelling off at 88 cm3 1

(iii) M1 vertical line on grid from 10 seconds to curve ALLOW any mark at 2
correct position on
curve / either axis

M2 volume correctly read from their graph to the nearest expected value 25 to
grid line 30 cm3

(iv) An explanation that links the following two points 2

M1 concentration (of HCl) is greatest (at the start) REJECT incorrect

references to energy
ALLOW more particles
(of HCl / more H+
ions)
ALLOW more HCl
molecules / greater
surface area of Mg
IGNORE greater mass
/more Mg
IGNORE references to
the graph

M2 more collisions per unit time / more frequent

collisions
(c) (i) M1 curve starting at 0 and steeper than original curve ALLOW a curve 2
starting within 1 small
square of the original

M2 curve levelling off at same volume as original curve

(ii) An explanation that links the following three points 3

M1 particles gain more (kinetic) energy ALLOW particles move

faster

M2 more collisions have energy greater than the ACCEPT more

activation energy collisions are
successful

M3 collision frequency increases OR rate of reaction ACCEPT more

increases (successful) collisions
per unit time

Total 15
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
7 (a) (i) M1 atoms of the same element / atoms with the same REJECT different 2
number of protons /atoms with the same atomic number number of electrons
IGNORE same
number of electrons

M2 (with a) different number of neutrons / different mass

number

(ii) correct answer 3

without working
scores 3

M1 (63 x 69.5) + (65 x 30.5) OR 6361

M2 their M1 ÷ 100 OR 63.61

M3 63.6 ALLOW answer to

M2 to 3 sig figs

63.61 without
working scores 2
(b) (i) A decomposition 1

B is incorrect as it is not a neutralisation reaction

C is incorrect as it is not an oxidation reaction
D is incorrect as it is not a reduction reaction

(ii) C green to black 1

A is incorrect as copper(II) carbonate is not blue

B is incorrect as copper(II) carbonate is not blue and
copper(II) oxide is not white
D is incorrect as copper(II) oxide is not orange

(c) (i) (28.20 − 20.52 =) 7.68 1

(ii) (31.77 − 28.20 =) 3.57 1

(iii) M1 7.68 ÷ 159.5 OR 0.04815 correct answer 3
without working
M2 3.57 ÷ 18 OR 0.1983 scores 3

M3 0.1983 ÷ 0.04815 OR 4.12 ALLOW ecf from (i)

and/or (ii) for M1
and M2; and M3
provided the answer
rounds to 4

REJECT incorrect
rounding in M1 or
M2
ALLOW any number
of sig figs in M1 and
M2 except 1
Penalise 1 sig fig
once only

(iv) not all the water was removed (from the hydrated ALLOW the 1
copper(II) sulfate) (hydrated copper(II)
sulfate) was not
heated for long
enough
ALLOW not all the
water left the tube
(that was being
heated)
ALLOW not all the
(hydrated copper
sulfate) reacts

Total 13
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
8 (a) 6
M1 diamond has a tetrahedral (structure) OR in REJECT ions /
diamond each (carbon) atom is (covalently) bonded to metallic once in M1
4 other (carbon) atoms or M2

M2 graphite has a hexagonal (structure) / has layers

OR in graphite each (carbon) atom is (covalently)
bonded to 3 other (carbon) atoms

M3 diamond does not conduct electricity OR graphite

conducts electricity

M4 diamond has no delocalised electrons OR graphite

has delocalised electrons

M5 diamond is hard OR graphite is soft REJECT diamond is

soft / graphite is hard

M6 in diamond the strong (C-C) bonds need to be REJECT reference to

broken OR in graphite the layers can slide over each intermolecular
other OR graphite has weak forces between layers

(b) An explanation that links the following four points: 4

M1 C60 fullerene has weak forces between the no M1 or M2 if

molecules /weak intermolecular forces reference to breaking
bonds in fullerene
M2 little / less energy needed to break / overcome the
forces /separate the molecules

M3 diamond and graphite have many / strong no M3 or M4 if

(covalent) bonds (between atoms) reference to
intermolecular forces
in diamond and
graphite

M4 large amount of /more energy needed to break

/overcome the (covalent) bonds
If M1 and M3 are not
scored allow 1 mark
for covalent bonds (in
diamond and
graphite) need to be
broken / overcome
AND intermolecular
forces need to be
broken / overcome in
fullerene
Total 10
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
9 (a) (i) PbO(s) + H2(g) → Pb(s) + H2O(l OR g) ALLOW upper case 1
letters for state symbols

(ii) D 2+ 1

A is incorrect as the charge on the lead ion is not 1-

B is incorrect as the charge on the lead ion is not 1+
C is incorrect as the charge on the lead ion is not 2-

(iii) An explanation that links either pair of the two 2

points

M1 lead oxide is reduced and hydrogen is oxidised ACCEPT lead oxide is the
oxidising agent and
hydrogen is the reducing
agent

M2 lead oxide loses oxygen and hydrogen gains ACCEPT lead ions gain
oxygen electrons and hydrogen
loses electrons
OR

M1 lead oxide loses oxygen so is reduced ACCEPT lead ions gain

electrons so are reduced

M2 hydrogen gains oxygen so is oxidised ACCEPT hydrogen loses

electrons so is oxidised

ALLOW oxidation number

of lead / Pb2+ decreases
from +2 to 0 so is
reduced for M1
Oxidation number of
hydrogen increases from
0 to +1 so is oxidised for
M2

2
(iv) A description that refers to the following two
points:

M1 measure the boiling point (of the water) ALLOW boil it / measure
the freezing point /
freeze it

M2 (boiling point is) 100 oC ACCEPT (freezing point

is) 0 oC
(b) (i) An explanation that links the following two points: 2

M1 heat the crucible ALLOW repeat the

experiment

M2 repeat until constant mass is obtained

heat to constant mass

scores 2

(ii) correct final answer

without working scores 3

M1 (moles of Pb3O4 =) 5.48 ÷ 685 OR 0.008(00)

M2 (moles of PbO =) 0.008(00) x 3 OR 0.024(0) ALLOW ecf as long as an

attempt has been made
to find moles

M3 (mass of PbO =) 0.024 x 223 = 5.352 (g) ALLOW answer to M1(if

no M2) or M2 x 223
ALLOW any number of sig
figs except 1

Total 11
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
10 (a) 2

M1 3 bonding pairs

M2 rest of molecule fully correct M2 dep on M1

ALLOW any combination of

dots and crosses

(b) (i) 2

M1 ammonium ammonium
chloride carbonate
NH4Cl M2 (NH4)2CO3

(ii) 2NH3 + H2SO4 → (NH4)2SO4 ALLOW multiples 1

IGNORE state symbols even

if incorrect

(iii) M1 add sodium hydroxide (solution) 3

M2 test (gas / ammonia) with (damp) red

litmus paper / (damp) universal indicator paper

M3 (red litmus) turns blue / universal indicator) REJECT if solution /

turns blue / purple ammonium (sulfate) tested
with litmus / universal
indicator paper
(c) (i) M1 2 x 14 ÷ 80 OR 0.35 correct answer without 2
working scores 2

M2 (0.35 x 100 =) 35 (%) ALLOW 1 mark for 17 / 17.5

/ 18 (%)

(ii) An answer that links any 4 points: 4

M1 (NH3) higher % of N OR ((NH4)2SO4) lower %

of N

M2 (NH4)2SO4 easy to use (to soil) / easy for the

plants to absorb / less wastage
OR (NH3) difficult to use (to soil) / difficult for
the plants to absorb / more wastage / has to
be dissolved (in water) first

M3 (NH4)2SO4 pH close to that of (rain) water / REJECT NH3 has a pH close

will not alter the pH (of the soil/water) to rainwater

M4 NH3 will cause (the soil/water) to become REJECT ammonia causes the
alkaline / will raise the pH (of the soil/water) / soil / water to become
neutralise (the water / soil) / may stunt growth acidic
of plants / may damage / kill plants

M5 NH3 and or (NH4)2SO4 soluble so runoff /

wastage of fertiliser / water pollution /
eutrophication / leaching

Total 14