Chemical Equilibrium  ■  7.

Solution: So, K = 0.464

–ΔG° = 2.303 RT log K At equilibrium
−∆G  [K] = [L] and [M] = [N]
that is, log K =
2.303 RT
– 460 [M][N] [M]2
= = –0.333 So, K = ______ ​ = ​ ____
​ [K][L]   [K2]
​= 0.464
  
2.303×2×300
[M]:[K] = 0.682

CHAPTER-END EXERCISES

Practice Questions – I

1. The reaction PC15 (g) PC13 (s) + Cl2 (g) is an 6. If equilibrium constant for the reaction:
example of: N2 + 3H2 2NH3 is Kc, then the equilibrium con­
(a) Backward reaction _1 3
stant for the reaction NH3 2 N2 + 2 H2 will be.
(b) Forward reaction 1
(a) ​ __
K  ​
1
(b) ​ ___
K2
    ​
(c) Irreversible reaction c c
(d) Reversible reaction (c) √Kc 1
(d) ​ ____
   ​ 
√Kc
2. Partial pressure of O2 in the reaction:
7. A2 (g) + B2 (g) 2AB (g); ∆H = +ve, it:
is
(a) Increase by pressure
(b) It occurs at 1000 atm pressure
KP
(a) KP (b)
(c) It occurs at high temperature
(c) 3 K P (d) It occurs at high pressure and temperature
(d) 2 KP
3. The value of Kp in the reaction: 8. For a reversible reaction, the concentration of the
reactants are doubled, then the equilibrium constant:
MgCO3 (s) MgO (s) + CO2 (g) is
(a) Becomes one-fourth
(a) Kp = P(CO2) (b) Is doubled
P(MgCO3)
_____________
(c) Is halved
(b) Kp =  ​P(CO
     ​
) × P(MgO) (d) Remains same
2

P(CO ) × P(CO ) × P(MgO) 9. 2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) 2SO3 (g),

____________________
2 2
(c) Kp = ​      
P(MgCO)   ​ in the above reaction Kp and Kc are related as:
3

P(CO2) × P(MgO) (a) Kp = Κc × (RT) (b) Kp = Kc× (RT)–1

(d) Kp = ​ _____________
   P(MgCO)3    ​ (c) Kc = Kp × (RT)2 (d) Kp = Kc × (RT)–2

4. One of the following equilibria is not affected by 10. In the reaction, N2 + 3H2 2NH3 + heat, relationship
change in volume of the flask: between KP and Kc is:
(a) PCl5 (g) PCl3 (g) Cl2 (g) (a) Kp = Kc (RT)–2 (b) Kp = Kc (RT)2
(b) N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) 2NH3 (g) (c) Kp = Kc(RT)–3 (d) Kc = Kp (RT)3
(c) N2 (g) + O2 (g) 2NO (g) 11. Which of the following change will shift the reaction
(d) SO2Cl2 (g) SO2 (g) + Cl2 (g) in forward direction:
I2 (g) 21 (g) Take ΔΗ° = +150 kJ
5. At equilibrium total number of moles for the reaction (a) Increase in concentration of I
2HI H2 + I2, if α is degree of dissociation, are:
(b) Increase in total pressure
(a) 2 (b) 2 – α (c) Decrease in concentration of I2
(c) l (d) I – α (d) Increase in temperature
7.10  ■  Chapter 7

12. A reversible reaction is said to have attained (c) Equilibrium is dynamic in nature
equilibrium, when: (d) None of the above
(a) Backward reaction stops
19. Which of the following graphs represents an
(b) Both backward and forward reactions take place at
equal speed exothermic reaction:
(c) Both backward and forward reactions stop
(d) Concentration of each of the reactants and prod­
ucts becomes equal In Kp In Kp
13. In what manner will increase of pressure affect the
following equation: (a) (b)
1 1
C(s) + H2O (g) CO (g) + H2 (g) T T
(a) Shift in the reverse direction
(b) Shift in the forward direction
(c) Increase in the yield of hydrogen
(d) No effect In Kp In Kp

14. The equilibrium between water and its vapour, in an (c)

(d)
open vessel: 1 1
T T
(a) Can be achieved
(b) Depends upon pressure 20. The relation between Kp and Kc for the reaction
(c) Cannot be achieved
2NO (g) + Cl2 (g) 2NOCl (g) is:
(d) Depends upon temperature
(a) Kp = Kc (RT)–1
15. Which of the following equilibrium, in gaseous phase,
would be unaffected by an increase in pressure: (b) Kp = Kc
(c) Kp = Kc/(RT)2
(a) N2 + 3H2 2NH3
(d) Kp = Kc/RT
(b) N2 + O2 2NO
(c) N2O4 2NO2 21. When two reactants A and are mixed to give
_1 products and D, the reaction quotient Q, at the initial
(d) CO2 + 2 O2 CO2
stages of the reaction:
16. Which of these reactions are having homogeneous (a) Is zero
equilibrium: (b) Decreases with time
(a) N2O4 2NO2 (c) Is independent of time
‘g’     ‘g’ (d) Increases with time

(b) H2 + Cl2 2HCl 22. When a catalyst is added to a reversible reaction in
‘g’  ‘g’ ‘g’ equilibrium state, the value of equilibrium constant:
(c) CaCO3 CaO + CO2 (a) Increases
‘s’      ‘s’  ‘g’ (b) Decreases

(d) Both (a) and (b) (c) Does not change
(d) Becomes zero
17. The law of chemical equilibrium was first given by:
(a) Guldberg (b) Boyle 23. A vessel at equilibrium, contains SO3, SO2 and O2,
(c) Waage (d) Both (a) and (c) Now some helium gas is added, so that total pressure
increases while temperature and volume remain
18. A saturated solution of non-radioactive sugar was constant. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, the
taken and a little radioactive sugar was added to it. A dissociation of SO3:
small amount of it gets dissolved in solution and an
equal amount of sugar was precipitated. This proves: (a) Decreases
(a) The equilibrium has been established in the solution (b) Remains unaltered
(b) Radioactive sugar can displace non-radioactive (c) Increases
sugar from its solution. (d) Change unpredictably
 Chemical Equilibrium  ■  7.11

24. In a reversible reaction, the catalyst: 31. The role of a catalyst in a reversible reaction is to:
(a) Decreases activation energy of forward reaction (a) Alter the equilibrium constant of the reaction
(b) Increases activation energy of forward reaction (b) Increase the rate of forward reaction
(c) Decreases activation energy of both forward and (c) Allow the equilibrium to be achieved quickly
backward reactions (d) Decrease the rate of backward reaction
(d) Increases activation energy of backward reaction
32. Le Chatelier’s Principle is applicable to:
25. A chemical reaction is catalysed by a catalyst X. (a) Heterogenous reaction
Hence, X: (b) Homogenous reaction
(a) Increases activation energy of the reaction (c) Irreversible reaction
(b) Does not affect equilibrium constant of the reaction (d) System in equilibrium
(c) Decreases rate constant of the reaction
(d) Reduces enthalpy of the reaction 33. N2(g) + 3H2 (g) 2NH3 + 22.4 kcal
26. The chemical equilibrium of a reversible reaction is formation of NH3 by above reaction shows:
not influenced by: (a) Cyanamide process
(a) Temperature (b) Serpeck’s process
(b) Pressure (c) Haber process
(c) Catalyst (d) None of these
(d) Concentration
34. For reaction:
27. For equilibrium reaction:
H2 + I2 2HI, = 47.6, if the initial number of moles
2NO2 (g) N2O4 (g) + 14.6 J, increase in tempera­ of each reactant and product is 1 mole, then at equi­
ture would librium:
(a) Favour the formation of N2O4 (a) [I2] = [H2], [I2] > [HI]
(b) Stop reaction
(c) Favour the decomposition of N2O4 (b) [I2] < [H2], [I2] = [HI]
(d) No alter the equilibrium (c) [I2] = [H2], [I2] < [HI]
(d) [I2] > [H2], [I2] = [HI]
28. Which of the following favours the backward reaction
in a chemical equilibrium: 35. Which of the following reaction will be favoured at
(a) Decreasing the concentration of one of the reac­ low pressure:
tants
(a) N2 + 3H2 2NH3
(b) Increasing the concentration of one of the reactants
(c) Increasing the concentration of one or more of the (b) H2 + I2 2HI
products (c) PCl5 PCl3 + Cl2
(d) Removal of at least one of the products at regular (d) N2 + O2 2NO
intervals
36. For the chemical reaction:
29. If an inert gas is added in the reaction:
3X (g) + Y (g) X3Y (g), the amount of X3Y at
N2 + 3H2 2NH3 at constant volume, then its equi­ equilibrium is affected by
librium (a) Temperature and pressure
(a) Remains unaffected
(b) Temperature only
(b) Favours the backward reaction
(c) Pressure only
(c) Favours the forward reaction
(d) Increases the dissociation of reactants (d) Temperature, pressure and catalyst
37. At constant temperature, the equilibrium constant
30. In the reaction H2 + I2 2HI at equilibrium, some
(Kp) for the decomposition reaction:
I2 is added. What happens to the equilibrium:
(a) It gets shifted to the right N2O4 2NO2 is expressed by
(b) It remains unchanged Kp = (4x P)/(l – x2), where Ρ = pressure, x = extent of
2

(c) It gets shifted to the left decomposition. Which one of the following state­
(d) First (b) then (c) ments is true?
7.12  ■  Chapter 7

(a) Kp increases with increase of Ρ

(b) Kp increases with increase of x
(c) Kp increases with decrease of x logeS
(d) Kp remains constant with change in Ρ and x
1
38. For the reaction: T
PCl5 (g) PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g) This solute may be:
the forward reaction at constant temperature is fa­ (a) CaSO4
voured by (b) CuSO4
1. Introducing an inert gas at constant volume
(c) CuSO45H2O
2. Introducing chlorine gas at constant volume
3. Introducing an inert gas at constant pressure (d) MgO
4. Increasing the volume of the container 43. In which of the following cases does the reaction go
5. Introducing pc15 at constant volume farthest to completion:
(a) 1,2,3 (a) K = l (b) K = 10
(b) 4, 5 (c) K = 10–2 (d) K = 102
(c) 2, 3,5 44. Consider the following reactions:
(d) 3,4, 5
_1
l. AB2(g) + 2 B2 (g) AB3(g)
39. For the reaction:
CO (g) + H2O (g) CO2 (g) + H2 (g) 2. 2AB3(g) 2AB2 + B2(g)
at a given temperature, the equilibrium amount of If K1 and K2 are the equilibrium constants at 27 °C
CO2 (g) can be increased by of reactions 1 and 2 respectively, then K, and K2 are
(a) Adding a suitable catalyst related as:
(b) Adding an inert gas (a) ​K​21 ​ = K2 (b) K2 ​K2​ 2 ​= 1
(c) Decreasing the volume of the container
(d) Increasing the amount of CO (g) (c) K1 = 2 K2 (d) K1 ​K22 ​= 1

40. In a reaction A2 (g) + 4B2 (g) 2AB4 (g); ΔΗ < 0. 45. For the dissociation of PC15 into PC13 and Cl2 in
The formation of AB4 (g) will be favoured by: gaseous phase reaction, if d is the observed vapour
density and D the theoretical vapour density with ‘a’
(a) Low temperature and high pressure as degree of dissociation. Variation of D/d with ‘a’ is
(b) High temperature and high pressure given by which graph:
(c) Low temperature and low pressure
(d) High temperature and low pressure
41. In what manner will increase of pressure affect the a
following equation: a

C (s) + H2O (g) CO (g) + H2 (g) (a)

(b)
D D
(a) Shift in the reverse direction
d d
(b) Shift in the forward direction
(c) Increase in the yield of hydrogen
(d) No effect
42. The solubility of a solute in water varies with a
temperature and is given as S = Ae– ΔΗ/RT.

(c) (d) None of these
Here, ΔΗ is enthalpy of the solution. For the given solute
D
variation of log, S with temperature can be shown by the
d
figure given below.
 Chemical Equilibrium  ■  7.13

Practice Questions – II

46. At 700 K, the equilibrium constant Kp for the reaction (c) Increasing the volume of the container
2SO3(g) 2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) is 1.80 × 10–3. (d) Adding F2
What is the numerical value in mole per litre of 52. For the reaction equilibrium,
equilibrium constant Kc for this reaction at the same N2O4 (g) 2NO (g)
temperature: the concentrations of N2O4 and NO2 at equilibrium are
(a) 8.1 × 10–8 (b) 9.1 × 10–9 mol L–1 4.8 × 10–2 and 1.2 × 10–2 mol L–1 respectively. The
(c) 3.1 × 10–7 (d) 6.1 × 10–7 mol L–1 value of Kc for the reaction is:
47. For the reaction, (a) 3.3 × 102 mol L–1 (b) 3 × 10–1 mol L–1
(c) 3 × 10–3 mol L–1 (d) 3 × 103 mol L–1
2NO2 (g) 2NO (g) + O2 (g)
(Kc = 1.8 × 10 at 184°C)
–6 53. If Keq for the reaction is 81 P + Q 2R
(R = 0.0831 kJ/(mol K)) If we start with 1 mole each of P and Q. What is the
when Kp and Kc are compared at 184°C it is found that: mole fraction of R at equilibrium:
(a) Kp is greater than Kc 11
(a) 1 (b)
(b) Kp is less than Kc 9 9
(c) Κp = Κc.
4 9
(d) Whether Kp is greater than, less than or equal to (c)
(d)
9 11
Kc depends upon the total gas pressure
48. For the following three reactions A, B and C, 54. For the reaction, H2 + I2 2HI the equilibrium
equilibrium constants are given: concentration of H2, I2 and HI are 8.0, 3.0 and 28.0
mole/litre, respectively, the equilibrium constant is:
(a) CO (g) + H2O (g) CO2(g) + H2(g); K1
(b) CH4 (g) + H2O(g) CO(g) + 3H2(g); K2 (a) 28.34 (b) 32.66
(c) CH4(g) + 2H2O(g) CO2(g) + 4H2(g); K3 (c) 34.78 (d) 38.88
Which of the following relation is correct? 55. In a chemical equilibrium rate constant of forward
(a) K1 K = K2 (b) K2K3 = K1 reaction is 7.5 × l0–4 and the equilibrium constant is
2
(c) K3 = K1K2 (d) K3.​K32​ ​​  = ​K21​ ​​  1.5. The rate constant of backward reaction is:
49. For the N2 + 3H2 2NH3, the initial mole ratio of (a) 2.5 × l04 (b) 5 × 10–4
N2:H2 is 1:3. If at equilibrium only 50% has reacted (c) 2.5 × 10 –4
(d) 5 × l04
and equilibrium pressure is P. Find the value of PNH at 56. A + 2B 2C + D, initial concentration of was 1.5
3
equilibrium. times that of A, but the equilibrium concentration of
P P A and are found to be equal. The equilibrium constant
(a) (b)
3 5 for the reaction is:
P P
(c) (d) (a) 4 (b) 8
9 6 (c) 12 (d) 16
50. Consider an endothermic reaction Χ Y with 57. The equilibrium constant for the reaction:
the activation energies Eb and Ef for the backward and _1
SO3 (g) SO2 (g) + 2 O2 (g)
forward reactions, respectively. In general:
is Kc = 4.9 × 10–2. The value of Kc for the reaction
(a) Eb < Ef (b) Eb > Ef (c) Eb = Ef 2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) 2SO3 (g) will be:
(d) There is no definite relation between Eb and Ef (a) 416 (b) 2.40 × 10–3
51. The exothermic formation of ClF3 is represented by (c) 9.8 × 10 –2
(d) 4.9 × 10–2
the equation: 58. The value of Kp for the reaction:
Cl2 (g) + 3F2 (g) 2ClF3 (g); ΔΗ = –329 kJ. Which 2H2S(g) 2H2(g) + S2(g) is l.2 × 10–2 at l065°C.
of the following will increase the quantity of CIF3 in The value for Kc is
an equilibrium mixture of Cl2, F2 and C1F3? (a) < 1.2 × 10–2 (b) > 1.2 × 10–2
(a) Increasing the temperature (b) Removing Cl2 (c) 1.2 × 10 –2
(d) 0.12 × 10–2
7.14  ■  Chapter 7

59. 1 mole of CH3COOH and 1 mole of C2H5OH reacts 67. The ratio of Kp/Kc for the reaction:
​ 23 ​mole of CH3COOC2H5. The equilibrium
to produce __ _1
CO (g) + 2 O2 (g) CO2 (g) is
constant is:
(a) 1 (b) RT
(a) 2 (b) + 2 (c) (RT)1/2 (d) (RT)–1/2
(c) –4 (d) + 4
68. For the reaction, A + B C + D, the rate constants
60. The equilibrium constant for the following reaction for the forward and backward reactions are found to
will be 3A + 2B C: be 4.2 × 10–2 and 3.36 × 10–3 mol L–1 s–1 respectively.
[3A][2B] [C]
What is the equilibrium constant for the reaction:
(a) ​ _______​  
[C]    (b) ​ _______
   ​ 
[3A][2B] (a) 11.5 (b) 12.5
[C] [C] (c) 8.0 (d) 6.0
(c) ​ ______
  
[A]2[B]2
 ​ (d) ​ ______
  
[A]3[B]2
 ​ 69. The vapour density of N2O4 at a certain temperature is
61. The equilibrium constant of a reaction is 300. If the 30. What is the percentage dissociation of N2O4 at this
volume of reaction flask is tripled, the equilibrium temperature:
constant is: (a) 53.3 (b) 106.6
(c) 26.7 (d) None of these
(a) 300 (b) 600
(c) 900 (d) 100 70. The rate constants for the forward and backward re­
actions of hydrolysis of ester are 1.1 × 10–2 and 1.5 ×
62. At 100°C the vapour density of nitrogen peroxide 10–3 mol L–1 s–1 respectively. The equilibrium con­stant
(N2O4) is 26.8. The percentage dissociation into NO2 of the reaction,CH3COOC2H5 + H+ CH3COOH +
molecules is: C2H5OH is:
(a) 71.64% (b) 61.57% (a) 6.53 (b) 7.34
(c) 83.56% (d) 67.39% (c) 7.75 (d) 8.33
63. One mole of HI was heated in a sealed tube at 440°C 71. In the reaction 2H2S (g) 2H2 (g) + S2 (g) the
till the equilibrium was reached. HI was found to concentration of H2S is 0.5 mol L–1 and concentration
be 22% decomposed. The equilibrium constant for of H2 is 0.1 mol L–1 while concentration of S2 is
dissociation reaction, 2HI H2 + I2 is: 0.4 mol L–1 in one litre vessel. The value of equilibrium
constant of the reaction is:
(a) 1.99 (b) 0.282
(a) 0.016 (b) 0.013
(c) 0.01988 (d) 0.0796
(c) 0.020 (d) 0.030
64. In the reaction N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) 2NH3 (g), when 100 72. If equilibrium constants of reaction:
mL of N2 has reacted, the volumes of H2 and NH3 are: _1 _1
N2 +O2 2NO is K1, and 2 N2 + 2 O2 NO is
(a) 300 mL of H2 and 300 mL of NH3 K2 then
(b) 100 mL of H2 and 200 mL of NH3 (a) K1 = K2 (b) K1 = 2K2
(c) 300 mL of H2 and 200 mL of NH3 _1
(c) K2 = √K1 (d) K1 = 2 K2
(d) 100 mL of H2 and 100 mL of NH3
73. At constant temperature, the equilibrium constant
65. If a mixture containing 3 moles of hydrogen and 1 mole for the decomposition reaction N2O4 2NO2 is
of nitrogen is converted completely into ammonia, the expressed by Kp = (4x2p)(l – x2), where Ρ = pressure, x
ratio of volumes of reactants and products at the same = extent of decomposition. Which one of the following
temperature and pressure would be: statement is true:
(a) 2:l (b) 1:2 (a) Kp remains constant with change in Ρ and x
(c) 1:3 (d) 3:1 (b) Kp increases with decrease of x
(c) Kp increases with increase of x
66. Equilibrium constant for the reaction (d) Kp increase with increase of Ρ
2A (g) B (g) + C (g) at 780 and 10 atm 74. For a gaseous reaction 2A + B C + D, the par­
pressure is 3.52. The equilibrium constant of this reac­ tial pressures of A, B, C and D at equilibrium are 0.5,
tion at 780 and 20 atm pressure is: 0.8,0.7 and 1.2 atm. The value of Kp for this reaction is:
(a) 5.72 (b) 11.44 (a) 2.4 atm (b) 6.2 arm–2
–1
(c) 28.6 (d) 3.52 (c) 4.2 atm (d) 8.4 atm–3
 Chemical Equilibrium  ■  7.15

75. For the reaction C (s) + CO2 (g) 2CO (g), the (a) 1/2 of its initial value
partial pressures of CO2 and CO are 4 and 8 atm (b) 1/4 of its initial value
respectively. The value of Kp for this reaction is: (c) Four times of its initial value
(a) 14 atm (b) 16 atm (d) Two times of its initial value
(c) 18 atm (d) 12 atm 84. 9.2 g of N2O4 (g) is taken in a closed one litre vessel
76. In which of the following gaseous reaction, Kp and Kc and heated till the following equilibrium is reached
have the same values: N2O4 (g) 2NO2 (g). At equilibrium, 50% of N2O4
(a) 2H1 H2 + I2 (g) is dissociated. What is the equilibrium constant (in
(b) N2 + 3H2 2NH3 mol L–1)? (molecular weight of N2O4 is 92):
(c) 2SO2 + O2 2SO3 (a) 0.1 (b) 0.2
(d) PCI5 PCI3 + Cl2 (c) 0.4 (d) 2

77. In which of the following gaseous reaction, the value 85. Equilibrium constant for the reaction:
of Kp is less than Kc: H2O (g) + CO (g) H2 (g) + CO2 (g) is 81. If
(a) PC15 PCI3 + Cl2 the velocity constant of the forward reaction is 162 L
(b) 2SO2 + O2 2SO3 mol–1 sec–1, what is the velocity constant (in L mol–1
(c) 2HI H2 + I2 sec.–1) for the backward reaction:
(d) N2 + 3H2 2NH3 (a) 13122 (b) 2
78. The value of Kc for the reaction N2 + 3H2 2NH3 (c) 261 (d) 243
at 400 is 0.5. The value of Kp for the reaction is (R =
86. One mole of A (g) is heated to 300°C in a closed one
0.0821 Latm mol–1 K–1):
litre vessel till the following equilibrium is reached.
(a) 25.6 × 10–2 (b) 4.6 × 10–4
(c) 46.6 × 10–4 (d) 16.6 × 10–8 A (g) B (g)
The equilibrium constant of this reaction at 300°C is
79. The value of Kp for the reaction,
4. What is the concentration of B (in mol L–1) at equi­
2SO2 + O2 2SO3 at 700 is 1.3 × 10–3 atm–1. The librium:
value of Kc at same temperature will be:
(a) 0.2 (b) 0.6
(a) 1.4 × 10–2 (b) 7.4 × 10–2
(c) 0.75 (d) 0.1
(c) 5.2 × 10 –2
(d) 3.1 × 10–2
80. The ratio of Kp/Kc for the reaction: 87. One mole of A(g) is heated to 200°C in a one litre
_1 closed flask, till the following equilibrium is reached.
SO2 (g) + 2 O2 (g) SO3 (g) is
A (g) B(g)
(a) (RT)–1/2 (b) (RT)1/2
(c) RT (d) 1 The rate of forward reaction at equilibrium is 0.02
mol L–1 min–1. What is the rate (in mol L–1, min–1) of
81. For the reaction N2 + 3H2 2NH3, the value of Kp the backward reaction at equilibrium:
is 6 × 10–3 at 500°C at a total pressure of 0.5 atm. If
(a) 0.04 (b) 0.01
we take equal number of moles of N2, H2 the mole
fraction of NH3 is: (c) 0.02 (d) 1
(a) 0.01 (b) 0.001 88. In the reaction PC15 (g) PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g), the
(c) 3 × 10–3 (d) 1 × 10–4 equilibrium concentrations of PC15 and PC13 are 0.4
82. If Kp of the reaction A(g) + 2B (g) 2C (g) and 0.2 mole/litre respectively. If the value of Kc is
+ D (g) is 0.05 at 1000 K, then the value Kc of the 0.5, what is the concentration of Cl2 in mole/litre:
reaction: (a) 2.0 (b) 1.5
(a) 20000 R (b) 0.02 R (c) 1.0 (d) 0.5
(c) 5 × 10–5/R (d) 5 × 10–5 R 89. Consider the following reaction equilibrium:
83. The reaction PCl5 (s) PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g) is in N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) 2NH3 (g)
equilibrium. If the equilibrium concentration of PCI3
Initially, 1 mole of N2 and 3 mole of H2 are taken in
(g) is doubled, then concentration of Cl2 (g) would
a 2 litre flask. At equilibrium state, if the number of
become:
7.16  ■  Chapter 7

union of N2 in 0.6, what is the total number of moles (a) 1.44 × 10–5/(0.082 × 500)–2
of all gases present in the flask: (b) 1.44 × 10–5/(8.314 × 773)–2
(a) 0.8 (b) 1.6 (c) 1.44 × 10–5(0.082 × 773)2
(c) 3.2 (d) 6.4 (d) 1.44 × 10–5/(0.082 × 773)–2

90. In which of the following reactions, the concentration 96. For the reaction PQ2 PQ + Q the degree of
‘g’ g g
of reactant is equal to concentration of product at
equilibrium (K = equilibrium constant): dissociation (α) of PQ2 can be related with P or V as:
(a) A B; K = 0.01 1 1
(b) R Ρ; Κ = 1 (a) α ∝ α∝
(b)
P P
(c) X Υ; Κ =10
1
(d) L J; = 0.025 (c) α ∝ α∝V
(d)
V
91. In which of the following reactions, the concentration
of product is higher than the concentration of reactant 97. If the equilibrium constant for the reaction,
at equilibrium? = equilibrium constant): N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) 2NH3 (g) at 750 is 49, then the
(a) A B; K = 0.001 equilibrium constant for the reaction,
(b) Μ Ν; Κ = 10 NH3(g) 1/2N2(g) + 3/2 H2 (g)
(c) X Υ; Κ = 0.005 at the same temperature will be:
(d) R Ρ; Κ = 0.01
(a) 1/49
92. At Kp for the following reaction is 1 atm (b) 49
X (g) Y (g) + Ζ (g) (c) 1/7
At equilibrium, 50% of X (g) is dissociated. The (d) 492
total pressure of the equilibrium system is ‘P’ atm.
98. For the reaction:
what is the partial pressure (in atm) of X (g) at
equilibrium: N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) 2NH3 (g), ΔΗ = –93.6 kJ
(a) l (b) 4 mol–1, the concentration of H2 at equilibrium can be
(c) 2 (d) 0.5 increased by:
(1)  Lowering the temperature
93. At 550 K, the Kc for the following reaction is 104 mol–1 lit (2)   Increasing the volume of the system
X(g) + Y(g) Z(g) (3)  Adding N2 at constant volume
At equilibrium, it was observed that (4)  Adding H2 at constant volume
_1 _1
[X] = 2 [Y] = 2 [Z] (a) (ii) and (iv) are correct
What is the value of [Z] (in mol L–1) at equilibrium: (b) Only (ii) is correct
(a) 2 × 10–4 (b) 10–4 (c) (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct
(c) 2 × l0 4
(d) 104 (d) (iii) and (iv) are correct
94. 4 moles each of SO2 and O2 gases are allowed to react 99. For which of the following reaction, Kp = Kc:
to form SO3 in a closed vessel. At equilibrium 25% (a) 2NOC1 (g) 2NO (g) + Cl2 (g)
of O2 is used up. The total number of moles of all the (b) N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) 2NH3 (g)
gases at equilibrium is:
(c) H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) 2HCl (g)
(a) 6.5 (b) 7.0
(d) PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g) PCl5 (g)
(c) 8.0 (d) 2.0
100. In which of the following reactions, equilibrium is
95. For the reversible reaction, independent of pressure:
N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) 2NH3 (g) (a) N2 (g) + O2 (g) 2NO (g); ΔΗ = +ve
At 500°C, the value of Kp is 1.44 × 10–5 when par­ (b) 2SO2 + O2 (g) 2SO3 (g); ΔΗ = –ve
tial pressure is measured in atmospheres. The corre­ (c) 3H2 (g) + N2 (g) 2NH3 (g); ΔΗ = –ve
sponding value of Kc, with concentration in mole L–1, is: (d) PC15 (g) PC13 (g) + Cl2 (g); ΔΗ = +ve
 Chemical Equilibrium  ■  7.17

Practice Questions – III

101. In an equilibrium reaction, 108. HI was heated in sealed tube at 400°C till the equilib-­
2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) 2SO3 (g), the partial pressure rium was reached. HI was found to be 22% decom-­
SO2, O2 and SO3 are 0.662, 0.101 and 0.331 atm posed. The equilibrium constant for dissociation is:
respectively. What should be the partial pressure of (a) 1.99 (b) 0.0199
oxygen if the equilibrium concentration of SO3 and (c) 0.0796 (d) 0.282
SO2 becomes equal:
109. In a 0.5 litre capacity vessel, CO and Cl2 are mixed
(a) 0.4 atm–1 (b) 0.6 atm–1 to form COC12. At equilibrium, it contains 0.2 mole
(c) 0.12 atm–1 (d) 0.8 atm–1 of COC12 and 0.1 mole each of CO and Cl2. The
102. The equilibrium constant of mutarotation of α-D- equilibrium constant (Kc) for reaction:
glucose to β-D-glucose is 1.8. What per cent of the CO + Cl2 COC12 is
α-form remains under equilibrium: (a) 15 (b) 5
(a) 35.7 (b) 64.3 (c) 20 (d) 10
(c) 55.6 (d) 44.4 110. One mole of N2O4 (g) at 300 is kept in a closed
103. The equilibrium constant for the reaction: container under one atmosphere. It is heated to 600
H2 (g) + S (g) H2S (g) when 20% by mass of N2O4 (g) decomposes to NO2
is 18.5 at 925 and 9.25 at 1000 respectively. What is (g). The resultant pressure is:
the enthalpy of the reaction: (a) 1.2 atm (b) 2.4 atm
(a) –142.16 kJ/mole (b) –71.08 kJ/mole (c) 2.0 atm (d) 1.0 atm
(c) –35.54 kJ/mole (d) None of these 111. An equilibrium mixture for the reaction,
104. For a gaseous equilibrium: 2H2S (g) 2H2 9g) + S2 (g)
2A (g) 2B (g) + C (g), Kp has a value of 1.8 at had 1 mole of H2S, 0.2 mole of H2 and 0.8 mole of S2
700 K. What is the value of Kc for the equilibrium in a 2 litre flask. The value of Kc in mol L–1 is:
2B (g) + C (g) 2A at the same pressure: (a) 0.08 (b) 0.016
(a) 0.031 (b) 1.3 × 10–3 (c) 0.004 (d) 0.160
(c) 44.4 (d) 38 112. 1.25 moles of NOCl were placed in a 2.50 L reaction
105. For the decomposition of solid calcium bicarbonate if chamberat 427°C. After equilibrium was reached,
the total pressure is 0.2 barat 420K. 1.10 moles of NOCl remained. Calculate the equilibrium
Find ∆G° for this decomposition: constant Kc for the reaction,
2NOC1 (g) 2NO (g) + Cl2 (g):
(a) 32 KJ/mole (b) 16 KJ/mole
(c) –16 KJ/m (d) –32 KJ/m (a) 1.6 × l0 –3
(b) 5.6 × 10–4
(c) 2.6 × 10 –3
(d) 4.6 × 10–4
106. The equilibrium constant for the reaction: 113. A + B C + D is 100 at 25°C. Consider the
H3PO4 H+ + H2PO4– is K1, following statements in this regard. If the initial
for reaction H2PO4 H+ + HPO42– is K2 and concentration of all the four species were 1.0 Μ each,
for reaction HPO4 2–
H+ + PO43– is K3. then the equilibrium concentration of:
The equilibrium constant (K) for 1. A would be 0.182 mol/L
H3PO4 3H+ + PO43– will be: 2. C would be 0.818 mol/L
3. D would be 1.818 mol/L
(a) Κ1, × K2 × K3 (b) K1/K2 K3
Of these statements:
(c) K2/K1 K3 (d) K1, + K2 + K3
(a) 1 and 3 are correct (b) 1 and 2 are correct
107. For the reaction 2SO2 + O2 2SO3 (c) 2 and 3 are correct (d) 1, 2 and 3 are correct

g g g 114. What is the correct sequence of active masses in
If we start with 2 mol. SO2 and 1mol. O2 in 1L flask, increasing order in gaseous mixture, containing one
the mixture needs 0.4 mol MnO4– in acidic medium gram per litre of each of the following:
for the complete oxidation of SO2. The value of Kc is:
1. NH3  
2. N2
(a) 1/2 (b) 2
3. H2  4. O2
(c) 1 (d) 0.6
7.18  ■  Chapter 7

Select the correct answer using the codes given 121. For the chemical equilibrium:
below: CaCO3 CaO + CO2
(a) 3, 1, 4, 2 (b) 3, 4, 2, 1 's' 's' g

(c) 2, 1, 4, 3 (d) 4, 2, 1, 3 ∆H°r can be determind from which of the following

115. If equilibrium constant for the reaction, plot:
XO– (aq) + H2O (1) ΗΧΟ (aq) + OH– (aq)

log10PCO 2/P°
log10PCO2/P°
is 0.36 × 10–6 then find the value of dissociation con­
stant (Ka) for ΗΧΟ:
(a) 0.36 × 10–8 (b) 2.8 × l0–8 (a) (b)
(c) 2.8 × 10 –10
(d) 0.36 × 10–6 T 1/T

log10 PCO2/P°
116. The equilibrium constant for the reaction,

log10PCO2/P
N2 (g) + O2 (g) 2NO (g)
At temperature Τ is 4 × 10–4. The value of Kc for the
_1 _1 (c) (d)
reaction NO (g) 2 N2 (g) + 2 O2 (g) at the same log10T 1/T
temperature is:
122. For the synthesis of NH3 by the reaction N2 + 3H2
(a) 4 × 10–6 (b) 2.5 × 102
2NH3 in the Haber process the attainment of
(c) 0.02 (d) 50 equilibrium is correctly predicted by the curve:
117. An amount of solid NH4HS in placed in a flask already

Molar Conc.
containing ammonia gas at a certain temperature and H2
0.50 atm pressure. Ammonium hydrogen sulphide N2
decomposes to yield NH3 and H2S gases in the flask. NH3
When the decomposition reaction reaches equilibrium,
the total pressure is the flask rises to 0.84 atm, the (a)
equilibrium constant for NH4HS decomposition at Time
this temperature is:
Molar Conc.

H2
(a) 0.30 (b) 0.18
(c) 0.17 (d) 0.11 N2
118. Phosphorous pentachloride dissociates as follows, in NH3
(b)
a closed reaction vessel.
Time
PCI5 (g) PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g)
If total pressure at equilibrium of the reaction mixture
Molar Conc.

NH3
is Ρ and degree of dissociation of PC15 is x, the partial
pressure of PC13 will be: H2

(  x
(a) ​​ _____    
(x + 1) )
​  ​P (  2x
(b) ​ ​ _____ )
​  ​P
    
(x – 1) (c)
N2

Time
(  x
(c) ​​ _____
    
(x – 1) )
​  ​P (  x
(d) ​ ​ _____
    
(1 – x) )
​  ​P
Molar Conc.

NH3
119. The equilibrium constant for the reaction:
_1 N2
SO3(g) SO2(g) + 2 O2 (g)
is Kc = 4.9 × 10–2. the value of Kc for the reaction H2
(d)
2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) 2SO3 (g) will be
Time
(a) 416 (b) 2.40 × 10–3
123. For the hypothetical reactions, the equilibrium
(c) 9.8 × 10–2 (d) 4.9 × 10–2 constant (K) values are given:
120. The equilibrium constants KP and KP for the reactions X A B K1 = 2
1 2
2Y and Z P + Q, respectively are in the ratio of B C K2 = 4
C D K3 = 3
1:9. If the degree of dissociation of X and Z be equal then
The equilibrium constant (K) for the reaction:
the ratio of total pressure at these equilibria is: A D is
(a) 1:36 (b) 1:1 (a) 3 (b) 6
(c) 1:3 (d) 1:9 (c) 12 (d) 24
 Chemical Equilibrium  ■  7.19

124. One mole of a compound AB reacts with one mole of if degree of dissociation α is quite small as compared
compound CD according to the equation: to unity. The expression of KP in terms of α and initial
AB + CD → AD + CB pressure P can be given as:
When equilibrium had been established it was found Pa3 Pa3
(a) (b)
that 3/4 mole each of reactant AB and CD has been 2 3
converted to AD and CB. There is no change in vol­ Pa2 Pa2
ume. The equilibrium constant of the reaction is? (c) (d)
2 3
1
(a) 9 (b) 126. The dissociation of ClF3 occurs as follows:
9
2ClF3 Cl2 + 3F2 ∆H = +ve
  g      g    
g
(c) 9/16 (d) 16/9
It is favoured by:
(1) Addition of more fluorine
125. At a certain temperature PQ 2 dissociates according (2) Increase of temperature
‘g’
to the reaction: (3) Increase of volume of the container
(4) Adding of inertgas at constant pressure
2PQ2 2PQ + Q2
  g      g    g (a) I, II (b) II, III
(c) I, II, III (d) II, III, IV

Answer Keys

1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (a) 6. (d) 7. (c) 8. (d) 9. (b) 10. (a)
11. (d) 12. (b) 13. (a) 14. (c) 15. (b) 16. (d) 17. (d) 18. (c) 19. (a) 20. (a)
21. (d) 22. (c) 23. (b) 24. (c) 25. (b) 26. (c) 27. (c) 28. (d) 29. (a) 30. (a)
31. (c) 32. (d) 33. (c) 34. (c) 35. (c) 36. (a) 37. (d) 38. (b) 39. (d) 40. (a)
41. (a) 42. (c) 43. (d) 44. (b) 45. (a) 46. (c) 47. (a) 48. (c) 49. (a) 50. (a)
51. (d) 52. (c) 53. (d) 54. (b) 55. (b) 56. (a) 57. (a) 58. (a) 59. (d) 60. (d)
61. (a) 62. (a) 63. (c) 64. (c) 65. (a) 66. (d) 67. (d) 68. (b) 69. (a) 70. (b)
71. (a) 72. (c) 73. (a) 74. (c) 75. (b) 76. (a) 77. (d) 78. (b) 79. (b) 80. (a)
81. (a) 82. (c) 83. (a) 84. (b) 85. (b) 86. (c) 87. (c) 88. (c) 89. (c) 90. (b)
91. (b) 92. (a) 93. (a) 94. (a) 95. (d) 96. (a) 97. (c) 98. (a) 99. (c) 100. (a)
101. (a) 102. (a) 103. (b) 104. (c) 105. (b) 106. (a) 107. (b) 108. (b) 109. (d) 110. (b)
111. (b) 112. (b) 113. (a) 114. (d) 115. (b) 116. (d) 117. (d) 118. (a) 119. (a) 120. (a)
121. (b) 122. (a) 123. (d) 124. (a) 125. (a) 126. (d)

Hints and Explanations For selective questions

2. As both Ag, Ag2O are solids so Kp = PO 11. As the value of ΔΗ0 is positive, therefore heat is
2
absorbed by the system during the process. So on
3. As active mass of solid substance is always unity, increasing the temperature, the reaction will shift in
they cannot be included in the equilibrium constant the forward direction.
expression.
12. A reversible reaction is said to have attained
Thus equilibrium constant in terms of partial pressure equilibrium, when both the backward and forward
(Kp) = P(co reactions take place at equal speed.
2)