EXECUTIVE ORDER NO.

292
INSTITUTING THE "ADMINISTRATIVE CODE OF 1987"
July 25, 1987
  

        WHEREAS, the Administrative Code currently in force was first
forged in 1917 when the relationship between the people and the
government was defined by the colonial order then prevailing;
      WHEREAS, efforts to achieve an integrative and over-all
recodification of its provisions resulted in the Administrative Code of
1978 which, however, was never published and later expressly
repealed;
       WHEREAS, the effectiveness of the Government will be enhanced
by a new Administrative Code which incorporates in a unified document
the major structural, functional and procedural principles and rules of
governance; and
      WHEREAS, a new Administrative Code will be of optimum benefit to
the people and Government officers and employees as it embodies
changes in administrative structures and procedures designed to serve
the people;
    NOW, THEREFORE, I, CORAZON C. AQUINO, President of the
Philippines, by the powers vested in me by the Constitution, do hereby
promulgate the Administrative Code of 1987, as follows: 
 
INTRODUCTORY PROVISIONS
    Sec. 1. Title. - This Act shall be known as the "Administrative Code of
1987."
    Sec. 2. General Terms Defined. - Unless the specific words of the text,
or the context as a whole, or a particular statute, shall require a
different meaning:
(1) "Government of the Republic of the Philippines" refers to the
corporate governmental entity through which the functions of
government are exercised throughout the Philippines, including, save
as the contrary appears from the context, the various arms through
which political authority is made effective in the Philippines, whether
pertaining to the autonomous regions, the provincial, city, municipal or
barangay subdivisions or other forms of local government. chanrobles virtual law library

(2) "National Government" refers to the entire machinery of the central

government, as distinguished from the different forms of local
governments. chanrobles virtual law library

(3) "Local Government" refers to the political subdivisions established

by or in accordance with the Constitution. chanrobles virtual law library

(4) "Agency of the Government" refers to any of the various units of

the Government, including a department, bureau, office,
instrumentality, or government-owned or controlled corporations, or a
local government or a distinct unit therein. chanrobles virtual law library

(5) "National agency" refers to a unit of the National Government. chanrobles virtual law library

(6) "Local agency" refers to a local government or a distinct unit

therein.chanrobles virtual law library

(7) "Department" refers to an executive department created by law.

For purposes of Book IV, this shall include any instrumentality, as
herein defined, having or assigned the rank of a department, regardless
of its name or designation. chanrobles virtual law library

(8) "Bureau" refers to any principal subdivision or unit of any

department. For purposes of Book IV, this shall include any principal
subdivision or unit of any instrumentality given or assigned the rank of
a bureau, regardless of actual name or designation, as in the case of
department-wide regional offices. chanrobles virtual law library

(9) "Office" refers, within the framework of governmental organization,

to any major functional unit of a department or bureau including
regional offices. It may also refer to any position held or occupied by
individual persons, whose functions are defined by law or regulation. chanrobles virtual law library

(10) "Instrumentality" refers to any agency of the National

Government, not integrated within the department framework vested
within special functions or jurisdiction by law, endowed with some if
not all corporate powers, administering special funds, and enjoying
operational autonomy, usually through a charter. This term includes
regulatory agencies, chartered institutions and government-owned or
controlled corporations. chanrobles virtual law library

(11) "Regulatory agency" refers to any agency expressly vested with

jurisdiction to regulate, administer or adjudicate matters affecting
substantial rights and interests of private persons, the principal powers
of which are exercised by a collective body, such as a commission,
board or council. chanrobles virtual law library

(12) "Chartered institution" refers to any agency organized or

operating under a special charter, and vested by law with functions
relating to specific constitutional policies or objectives. This term
includes the state universities and colleges and the monetary authority
of the State. chanrobles virtual law library

(13) "Government-owned or controlled corporation" refers to any

agency organized as a stock or non-stock corporation, vested with
functions relating to public needs whether governmental or proprietary
in nature, and owned by the Government directly or through its
instrumentalities either wholly, or, where applicable as in the case of
stock corporations, to the extent of at least fifty-one (51) per cent of its
capital stock: Provided, That government-owned or controlled
corporations may be further categorized by the Department of the
Budget, the Civil Service Commission, and the Commission on Audit for
purposes of the exercise and discharge of their respective powers,
functions and responsibilities with respect to such corporations. chanrobles virtual law library
(14) "Officer" as distinguished from "clerk" or "employee", refers to a
person whose duties, not being of a clerical or manual nature, involves
the exercise of discretion in the performance of the functions of the
government. When used with reference to a person having authority to
do a particular act or perform a particular function in the exercise of
governmental power, "officer" includes any government employee,
agent or body having authority to do the act or exercise that function. chanrobles virtual law

library

(15) "Employee", when used with reference to a person in the public

service, includes any person in the service of the government or any of
its agencies, divisions, subdivisions or instrumentalities.

BOOK I
 
SOVEREIGNTY AND GENERAL ADMINISTRATION
 
Chapter 1
THE NATIONAL TERRITORY
  
    Sec. 3. What Comprises National Territory. - The national territory
comprises the Philippine archipelago, with all the islands and waters
embraced therein, and all other territories over which the Philippines
has sovereignty or jurisdiction, consisting of its terrestrial, fluvial, and
aerial domains, including its territorial sea, the seabed, the subsoil, the
insular shelves, and other submarine areas. The waters around,
between, and connecting the islands of the archipelago, regardless of
their breadth and dimensions, form part of the internal waters of the
Philippines.chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 4. Territorial Subdivision of the Philippines. - The territorial and

political subdivisions of the Philippines are the autonomous regions,
provinces, subprovinces, cities, municipalities and barangays.   chanrobles virtual law library

 
Chapter 2
THE PEOPLE
  
    Sec. 5. Who are Citizens. - The following are the citizens of the
Philippines: 
 
(1) Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the time of the adoption
of the Constitution;
(2) Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Philippines;
(3) Those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect
Philippine citizenship, unless by the act or omission they are deemed,
under the law, to have renounced it. chanrobles virtual law library

  
    Sec. 6. Effect of Marriage. - Citizens of the Philippines who marry
aliens shall retain their citizenship, unless by their act or omission they
are deemed, under the law, to have renounced it.   chanrobles virtual law library

  
    Sec. 7. Natural-born Citizen. - Natural-born citizens are those who
are citizens of the Philippines from birth without having to perform any
act to acquire or perfect their Philippine citizenship. Those who elect
Philippine citizenship in accordance with the Constitution shall be
deemed natural-born citizens.   chanrobles virtual law library

  
    Sec. 8. Loss or Reacquisition of Citizenship. - Philippine citizenship
may be lost or reacquired in the manner provided by law.   chanrobles virtual law library

  
    Sec. 9. Dual Allegiance. - Dual allegiance is inimical to the national
interest and shall be dealt with by law.   chanrobles virtual law library

 
Chapter 3
STATE IMMUNITY FROM SUIT
  
    Sec. 10. Non-suability of the State. - No suit shall lie against the
State except with its consent as provided by law. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 11. The State's Responsibility for Acts of Agents. - (1) The State
shall be legally bound and responsible only through the acts performed
in accordance with the Constitution and the laws by its duly authorized
representatives. chanrobles virtual law library

    (2) The State shall not be bound by the mistakes or errors of its
officers or agents in the exercise of their functions.   chanrobles virtual law library

 
Chapter 4
NATIONAL SYMBOLS AND OFFICIAL LANGUAGES
  
    Sec. 12. National Flag. - (1) The flag of the Philippines shall be red,
white and blue, with a sun and three stars, as consecrated and honored
by the people and recognized by law. chanrobles virtual law library

    (2) The custody, ceremonial use, occasion and manner of display,
and the proper care and disposition of the flag shall be governed by
appropriate rules and regulations. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 13. National Anthem. - Until otherwise provided by law, the
musical arrangement and composition of Julian Felipe is adopted as the
national anthem. It shall be sung or played upon the opening or start of
all state celebrations or gatherings and on such other occasions as may
be prescribed by appropriate rules and regulations. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 14. Arms and Great Seal of the Republic of the Philippines. - (1)
The Arms shall have paleways of two (2) pieces, azure and gules; a
chief argent studded with three mullets equidistant from each other;
and, in point of honor, ovoid argent over all the sun rayonnant with
eight minor and lesser rays. Beneath shall be a scroll with the words
"Republic of the Philippines, " or its equivalent in the national
language, inscribed thereon. chanrobles virtual law library

    (2) The Great Seal shall be circular in form, with the arms as
described in the preceding paragraph, but without the scroll and the
inscription thereon, and surrounding the whole, a double marginal
circle within which shall appear the words "Republic of the Philippines,"
or its equivalent in the national language. For the purpose of placing
the Great Seal, the color of the arms shall not be deemed essential. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 15. Use and Custody of Great Seal. - The Great Seal shall be
affixed to or placed upon all commissions signed by the President and
upon such other official documents and papers of the Republic of the
Philippines as may be required by custom and usage. The President
shall have custody of the Great Seal. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 16. Arms, Seals and Banners of Government Offices. - The
various offices of government may adopt appropriate coats-of-arms,
seals and banners. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 17. Official Languages. - Until otherwise provided by law,

Pilipino and English shall be the official languages.   chanrobles virtual law library

 
Chapter 5
OPERATION AND EFFECT OF LAWS
  
    Sec. 18. When Laws Take Effect. - Laws shall take effect after fifteen
(15) days following the completion of their publication in the Official
Gazette or in a newspaper of general circulation, unless it is otherwise
provided.chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 19. Prospectivity. - Laws shall have prospective effect unless the
contrary is expressly provided. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 20. Interpretation of Laws and Administrative Issuances. - In

the interpretation of a law or administrative issuance promulgated in all
the official languages, the English text shall control, unless otherwise
specifically provided. In case of ambiguity, omission or mistake, the
other texts may be consulted. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 21. No Implied Revival of Repealed Law.- When a law which
expressly repeals a prior law itself repealed, the law first repealed shall
not be thereby revived unless expressly so provided. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 22. Revival of Law Impliedly Repealed. - When a law which
impliedly repeals a prior law is itself repealed, the prior law shall
thereby be revived, unless the repealing law provides otherwise. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 23. Ignorance of the Law. - Ignorance of the law excuses no one
from compliance therewith.   chanrobles virtual law library

 
Chapter 6
 OFFICIAL GAZETTE
  
    Sec. 24. Contents. - There shall be published in the Official Gazette all
legislative acts and resolutions of a public nature; all executive and
administrative issuances of general application; decisions or abstracts
of decisions of the Supreme Court and the Court of Appeals, or other
courts of similar rank, as may be deemed by said courts of sufficient
importance to be so published; such documents or classes of
documents as may be required so to be published by law; and such
documents or classes of documents as the President shall determine
from time to time to have general application or which he may
authorize so to be published. chanrobles virtual law library

    The publication of any law, resolution or other official documents in

the Official Gazette shall be prima facie evidence of its authority. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 25. Editing and Publications. - The Official Gazette shall be
edited in the Office of the President and published weekly in Pilipino or
in the English language. It shall be sold and distributed by the National
Printing Office which shall promptly mail copies thereof to subscribers
free of postage. chanrobles  
virtual law library

 
Chapter 7
REGULAR HOLIDAYS AND NATIONWIDE SPECIAL DAYS
  
    Sec. 26. Regular Holidays and Nationwide Special Days. - (1) Unless
otherwise modified by law, order or proclamation, the following regular
holidays and special days shall be observed in this country: 
 
(A) Regular Holidays
 
New Year's Day - January 1
Maundy Thursday - Movable date
Good Friday - Movable date
Araw ng Kagitingan (Bataan - April 9 and Corregidor Day)
Labor Day - May 1
Independence Day - June 12
National Heroes Day - Last Sunday of August
Bonifacio Day - November 30
Christmas Day - December 25
Rizal Day - December 30 
 
(B) Nationwide Special Days
 
All Saints Day - November 1
Last Day of the Year - December 31
    (2) The terms "legal or regular holiday" and "special holiday", as
used in laws, orders, rules and regulations or other issuances shall be
referred to as "regular holiday" and "special day", respectively. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 27. Local Special Days. - The President may proclaim any local
special day for a particular date, group or place. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 28. Pretermission of Holiday. - Where the day, or the last day,
for doing any act required or permitted by law falls on a regular holiday
or special day, the act may be done on the next succeeding business
day.chanrobles virtual   law library

 
Chapter 8
LEGAL WEIGHTS MEASURES AND PERIOD
  
    Sec. 29. Official Use of Metric System. - The metric system of weights
and measures shall be used in the Philippines for all products, articles,
goods, commodities, materials, merchandise, utilities, services, as well
as for commercial transactions like contracts, agreements, deeds and
other legal instruments publicly and officially attested, and for all
official documents. Only weights and measures of the metric system
shall be officially sealed and licensed. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 30. Mandatory Nation-wide Use. - The metric system shall be
fully adopted in all agricultural, commercial, industrial, scientific and
other sectors. Persons or entities allowed under existing laws to use
the English system or other standards and weights are given until the
date to be fixed by the Metric System Board to adopt the metric
system. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 31. Legal Periods. - "Year" shall be understood to be twelve

calendar months; "month" of thirty days, unless it refers to a specific
calendar month in which case it shall be computed according to the
number of days the specific month contains; "day," to a day of twenty-
four hours; and "night," from sunset to sunrise.   chanrobles virtual law library

 
Chapter 9
GENERAL PRINCIPLES GOVERNING PUBLIC OFFICERS
  
    Sec. 32. Nature of Public Office. - Public office is a public trust. Public
officers and employees must at all times be accountable to the people,
serve them with the utmost responsibility, integrity, loyalty and
efficiency, act with patriotism and justice, and lead modest lives. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 33. Policy on Change of Citizenship. - Public officers and

employees owe the Senate and the Constitution allegiance at all times,
and any public officer or employee who seeks to change his citizenship
or acquire the status of an immigrant of another country during his
tenure shall be dealt with by law. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 34. Declaration of Assets, Liabilities and Net Worth. - A public
officer or employee shall upon assumption of office and as often
thereafter as may be required by law, submit a declaration under oath
of his assets, liabilities, and net worth. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 35. Ethics in Government. - All public officers and employees
shall be bound by a Code of Ethics to be promulgated by the Civil
Service Commission. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 36. Inhibition Against Purchase of Property at Tax Sale. - No

officer or employee of the government shall purchase directly or
indirectly any property sold by the government for the non-payment of
any tax, fee or other public charge. Any such purchase by an officer or
employee shall be void. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 37. Powers Incidental to Taking of Testimony. - When authority

to take testimony or receive evidence is conferred upon any
administrative officer or any non-judicial person, committee, or other
body, such authority shall include the power to administer oaths,
summon witnesses, and require the production of documents by a
subpoena duces tecum. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 38. Liability of Superior Officers. - (1) A public officer shall not
be civilly liable for acts done in the performance of his official duties,
unless there is a clear showing of bad faith, malice or gross
negligence. chanrobles virtual law library

    (2) Any public officer who, without just cause, neglects to perform a
duty within a period fixed by law or regulation, or within a reasonable
period if none is fixed, shall be liable for damages to the private party
concerned without prejudice to such other liability as may be
prescribed by law. chanrobles virtual law library

    (3) A head of a department or a superior officer shall not be civilly

liable for the wrongful acts, omissions of duty, negligence, or
misfeasance of his subordinates, unless he has actually authorized by
written order the specific act or misconduct complained of. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 39. Liability of Subordinate Officers. -No subordinate officer or

employee shall be civilly liable for acts done by him in good faith in the
performance of his duties. However, he shall be liable for willful or
negligent acts done by him which are contrary to law, morals, public
policy and good customs even if he acted under orders or instructions
of his superiors.   chanrobles virtual law library

 
Chapter 10
OFFICIAL OATHS
  
    Sec. 40. Oaths of Office for Public Officers and Employees. - All public
officers and employees of the government including every member of
the armed forces shall, before entering upon the discharge of his
duties, take an oath or affirmation to uphold and defend the
Constitution; that he will bear true faith and allegiance to it; obey the
laws, legal orders and decrees promulgated by the duly constituted
authorities; will well and faithfully discharge to the best of his ability
the duties of the office or position upon which he is about to enter; and
that he voluntarily assumes the obligation imposed by his oath of office,
without mental reservation or purpose of evasion. Copies of the oath
shall be deposited with the Civil Service Commission and the National
Archives. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 41. Officers Authorized to Administer Oath. - (1) The following
officers have general authority to administer oath: Notaries public,
members of the judiciary, clerks of courts, the Secretary of the either
House of the Congress of the Philippines, of departments, bureau
directors, registers of deeds, provincial governors and lieutenant-
governors, city mayors, municipal mayors and any other officer in the
service of the government of the Philippines whose appointment is
vested in the President. chanrobles virtual law library

    (2) Oaths may also be administered by any officer whose duties, as
defined by law or regulation, require presentation to him of any
statement under oath
    Sec. 42. Duty to Administer Oath. - Officers authorized to administer
oaths, with the exception of notaries public, municipal judges and
clerks of court, are not obliged to administer oaths or execute
certificates save in matters of official business; and with the exception
of notaries public, the officer performing the service in those matters
shall charge no fee, unless specifically authorized by law.   chanrobles virtual law library

 
Chapter 11
OFFICIAL REPORTS
  
    Sec. 43. Annual Reports. - The heads of the several branches,
subdivisions, department and agencies or instrumentalities of the
Government shall prepare and submit annual reports to the President
on or before the first day of July 1 of each year. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 44. Contents of Reports. - The contents of the annual reports
shall be prescribed by law or, in the absence thereof, by executive
order.chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 45. Special Reports. - Each chief of Bureau or other officer of the
government shall make such special reports concerning the work of his
Bureau or Office as may from time to time be required of him by the
President of the Philippines or Head of Department. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 46. Deposit with Archives. - Official copies of annual reports
shall be deposited with the National Archives and shall be open to
public inspection.   chanrobles virtual law library

 
Chapter 12
PUBLIC CONTRACTS AND CONVEYANCES
  
    Sec. 47. Contracts and Conveyances. - Contracts or conveyances may
be executed for and in behalf of the Government or of any of its
branches, subdivisions, agencies, or instrumentalities, including
government-owned or controlled corporations, whenever demanded by
the exigency or exigencies of the service and as long as the same are
not prohibited by law. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 48. Official Authorized to Convey Real Property. - Whenever real
property of the Government is authorized by law to be conveyed, the
deed of conveyance shall be executed in behalf of the government by
the following:
    (1) For property belonging to and titled in the name of the Republic
of the Philippines, by the President, unless the authority therefor is
expressly vested by law in another officer. chanrobles virtual law library

    (2) For property belonging to the Republic of the Philippines but
titled in the name of any political subdivision or of any corporate
agency or instrumentality, by the executive head of the agency or
instrumentality. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 49. Authority to Convey other Property. - Whenever property

other than real is authorized to be conveyed, the contract or deed shall
be executed by the head of the agency with the approval of the
department head. Where the operations of the agency regularly involve
the sale or other disposition of personal property, the deed shall be
executed by any officer or employee expressly authorized for that
purpose. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 50. Conveyance of National Government Property to Local

Governments. - When the real property belonging to the National
Government is needed for school purposes, or other official use by any
local government, the President shall authorize its transfer, and the
department head or other authority concerned shall execute in favor of
the local government the necessary deed of conveyance by way of gift,
sale, exchange, or otherwise, and upon such terms as shall be for the
interest of the parties concerned. Nothing herein provided shall be
deemed to authorize the conveyance of unreserved public land, friar
land or any real property held by the Government in trust or for a
special purpose defined by law. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 51. Execution of Contracts. - (1) Contracts in behalf of the

Republic of the Philippines shall be executed by the President unless
authority therefor is expressly vested by law or by him in any other
public officer. chanrobles virtual law library

    (2) Contracts in behalf of the political subdivisions and corporate agencies or
instrumentalities shall be approved by their respective governing boards or
councils and executed by their respective executive heads.   chanrobles virtual law library

BOOK II
 
 DISTRIBUTION OF POWERS OF GOVERNMENT
 
Chapter 1
BASIC PRINCIPLES AND POLICIES
 
              Sec. 1. Guiding Principles and Policies in Government. -
Governmental power shall be exercised in accordance with the
following basic principles and policies: 
(1) The Philippines is a democratic and republican State. Sovereignty
resides in the people and all government authority emanates from
them.chanrobles virtual law library

(2) The State values the dignity of every human person and guarantees
full respect for human rights. chanrobles virtual law library

(3) Civilian authority is, at all times, supreme over the military. chanrobles virtual law library

(4) The State shall ensure the autonomy of local governments. chanrobles virtual law library

(5) The territorial and political subdivisions of the Republic of the

Philippines are the provinces, cities, municipalities, and barangays.
There shall be autonomous regions, in accordance with the
Constitution, in Muslim Mindanao and the Cordilleras as may be
provided by law. chanrobles virtual law library

(6) The separation of Church and State shall be inviolable. chanrobles virtual law library

(7) The right of the people and their organizations to effective and
reasonable participation at all levels of social, political, and economic
decision-making shall not be abridged. The State shall, by law, facilitate
the establishment of adequate consultation mechanisms. chanrobles virtual law library

(8) The powers expressly vested in any branch of the Government shall
not be exercised by, nor delegated to, any other branch of the
Government, except to the extent authorized by the Constitution. chanrobles virtual law library

 
Chapter 2
LEGISLATIVE POWER
  
     Sec. 2. Seat of Legislative Power. - The legislative power shall be
vested in the Congress of the Philippines which shall consist of a Senate
and a House of Representatives, except to the extent reserved to the
people by the Constitutional provision on initiative and referendum. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 3. Inhibitions Against Members of Congress. - (1) No Senator or

Member of the House of Representatives may hold any other office or
employment in the Government, or any subdivision agency, or
instrumentality thereof, including government-owned or controlled
corporations or their subsidiaries, during his term without forfeiting his
seat. Neither shall he be appointed to any office which may have been
created or the emoluments thereof increased during the term for which
he was elected. chanrobles virtual law library

    (2) No Senator or Member of the House of Representatives may

personally appear as counsel before any court of justice or before the
Electoral Tribunals, or quasi-judicial and other administrative bodies.
Neither shall he, directly or indirectly, be interested financially in any
contract with, or in any franchise or special privilege granted by the
Government, or any subdivision, agency or instrumentality thereof
including any government-owned or controlled corporation, or its
subsidiary, during his term of office. He shall not intervene in any
matter before any office of the Government for his pecuniary benefit or
where he may be called upon to act on account of his office. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 4. Electoral Tribunal. - The Senate and the House of

Representatives shall each have an Electoral Tribunal which shall be the
sole judge of all contests relating to the election, returns, and
qualifications of their respective Members. Each Electoral Tribunal shall
be composed of nine (9) Members, three (3) of whom shall be Justices
of the Supreme Court to be designated by the Chief Justice, and the
remaining six (6) shall be Members of the Senate or the House of
Representatives, as the case may be, who shall be chosen on the basis
of proportional representation from the political parties and the parties
or organizations registered under the party-list system represented
therein. The senior Justice in the Electoral Tribunal shall be its
Chairman. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 5. Commission on Appointments. - There shall be a Commission

on Appointments consisting of the President of the Senate, as ex officio
Chairman, and twelve (12) Senators and twelve (12) Members of the
House of Representatives, elected by each House on the basis of
proportional representation from the political parties and parties or
organizations registered under the party-list system represented
therein. The Chairman of the Commission shall not vote, except in case
of a tie. The Commission shall act on all appointments submitted to it
within thirty (30) session days of the Congress from their submission.
The Commission shall rule by a majority vote of all its Members. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 6. Legislative Investigation. - The Senate or the House of

Representatives or any of its respective committees may conduct
inquiries in aid of legislation in accordance with its duly published rules
of procedure. The rights of persons appearing in or affected by such
inquiries shall be respected. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 7. Appearance of Heads of Departments.- The heads of

departments may upon their own initiative, with the consent of the
President, or upon the request of either House, as the rules of each
House shall provide, appear before and be heard by such House on any
matter pertaining to their departments. Written questions shall be
submitted to the President of the Senate or the Speaker of the House of
Representatives at least three (3) days before their scheduled
appearance. Interpellations shall not be limited to written questions,
but may cover matters related thereto. When the security of the State
or the public interest so requires and the President so states in writing,
the appearance shall be conducted in executive session. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 8. Initiative and Referendum.- The Congress shall, as early as

possible, provide for a system of initiative and referendum and the
exceptions therefrom, whereby the people can directly propose and
enact laws or approve or reject any act or law or part thereof passed by
the Congress or local legislative body after the registration of a petition
therefor signed by at least ten (10) per centum of the total number of
registered voters, of which every legislative district must be
represented by at least three (3) per centum of the registered voters
thereof.chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 9. Power to Propose Constitutional Amendments. - (1) Any

amendment to, or revision of the Constitution may be proposed by: (a)
The Congress, upon a vote of three-fourths (3/4) of all its Members; or
(b) a constitutional convention. The Congress may, by a vote of two-
thirds (2/3) of all its Members, call a constitutional convention, or by a
majority vote of all its Members, submit to the electorate the question
of calling such a convention. chanrobles virtual law library

    (2) Amendments to the Constitution may likewise be directly

proposed by the people through initiative upon a petition of at least
twelve (12) per centum of the total number of registered voters, of
which every legislative district must be represented by at least three
(3) per centum of the registered voters therein. No amendments under
this paragraph shall be authorized within five years following the
ratification of the 1987 Constitution nor oftener than once every five
years thereafter. The Congress shall provide for the implementation of
the exercise of this right. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 10. Validity of Constitutional Amendments.- (1) Any amendment

to or revision of the Constitution proposed by Congress or a
constitutional convention shall be valid when ratified by a majority of
the votes cast in a plebiscite which shall be held not earlier than sixty
days (60) nor later than ninety days (90) after the approval of such
amendment or revision. chanrobles virtual law library

    (2) Any amendment to or revision of the Constitution directly

proposed by the people through initiative shall be valid when ratified by
a majority of the votes cast in a plebiscite which shall be held not
earlier than sixty days (60) nor later than ninety days (90) after the
certification by the Commission on Elections of the sufficiency of the
petition. chanrobles   virtual law library

 
Chapter 3
EXECUTIVE POWER
  
     Sec. 11. Exercise of Executive Power. - The Executive power shall be
vested in the President. chanrobles virtual law library
    Sec. 12. The Vice-President. - There shall be a Vice-President who
shall have the same qualifications and term of office and be elected
with and in the same manner as the President. He may be removed
from office in the same manner as the President. chanrobles virtual law library

    The Vice-President may be appointed as a Member of the Cabinet.

Such appointment requires no confirmation. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 13. Vacancy in Office of the President.- In case of death,

permanent disability, removal from office, or resignation of the
President, the Vice-President shall become the President to serve the
unexpired term. In case of death, permanent disability, removal from
office, or resignation of both the President and Vice-President, the
President of the Senate or, in case of his inability, the Speaker of the
House of Representatives, shall then act as President until the
President or Vice-President shall have been elected and qualified. chanrobles virtual law library

    The Congress shall, by law, provide who shall serve as President in
case of death, permanent disability, or resignation of the Acting
President. He shall serve until the President or Vice-President shall
have been elected and qualified, and be subject to the same restrictions
of powers and disqualifications as the Acting President. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 14. Vacancy in Office of the Vice-President. - Whenever there is

a vacancy in the Office of the Vice-President during the term for which
he was elected, the President shall nominate a Vice-President from
among the Members of the Senate and the House of Representatives
who shall assume office upon confirmation by a majority vote of all the
Members of both Houses of the Congress, voting separately. chanrobles virtual law library

  Sec. 15. Inhibitions Against Executive Officials. - The President, Vice-

President, the Members of the Cabinet, and their deputies or assistants
shall not, unless otherwise provided in this Constitution, hold any other
office or employment during their tenure. They shall not, during said
tenure, directly or indirectly practice any other profession, participate
in any business, or be financially interested in any contract with, or in
any franchise, or special privilege granted by the Government or any
subdivision, agency, or instrumentality thereof, including government-
owned or controlled corporations or their subsidiaries. They shall
strictly avoid conflicts of interest in the conduct of their office. chanrobles virtual law library

    The spouse and relatives by consanguinity or affinity within the

fourth civil degree of the President shall not during his tenure be
appointed as Members of the Constitutional Commissions, or the Office
of the Ombudsman, or as Secretaries, Undersecretaries, chairmen or
heads of bureaus or offices, including government-owned or controlled
corporations and their subsidiaries.   chanrobles virtual law library

 
Chapter 4
JUDICIAL POWER
  
      Sec. 16. Judicial Power. - The judicial power shall be vested in one
(1) Supreme Court, and in such lower courts as may be established by
law. Such lower courts include the Court of Appeals, Sandiganbayan,
Court of Tax Appeals, Regional Trial Courts, Shari's District Courts,
Metropolitan Trial Courts, Municipal Trial Courts and Municipal Circuit
Trial Courts, and Shari'a Circuit Courts and they shall continue to
exercise their respective jurisdiction until otherwise provided by law. chanrobles virtual law library

    Judicial power includes the duty of the courts of justice to settle
actual controversies involving rights which are legally demandable and
enforceable, and, in cases prescribed by law, to determine whether or
not there has been a grave abuse of discretion amounting to lack or
excess of jurisdiction on the part of any branch or instrumentality of
the Government. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 17. Composition of the Supreme Court. - The Supreme Court
shall be composed of a Chief Justice and fourteen Associate Justices. It
may sit en banc or in its discretion, in divisions of three, five or seven
Members. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 18. Jurisdiction and Powers of Supreme Court. - The Supreme
Court shall have the following powers: 
 
(1) Exercise original jurisdiction over cases affecting ambassadors,
other public ministers and consuls, and over petitions for certiorari,
prohibition, mandamus, quo warranto, and habeas corpus. chanrobles virtual law library

(2) Review, revise, reverse, modify, or affirm on appeal or certiorari as

the law or the Rules of Court may provide, final judgments and orders
of lower courts in: 
(a) All cases in which the constitutionality or validity of any treaty,
international or executive agreement, law, presidential decree,
proclamation, order, instruction, ordinance, or regulation is in
question. chanrobles virtual law library

(b) All cases involving the legality of any tax, impost, assessment, or
toll, or any penalty imposed in relation thereto. chanrobles virtual law library

(c) All cases in which the jurisdiction of any lower court is in issue. chanrobles virtual law library

(d) All criminal cases in which the penalty imposed is reclusion

perpetua or higher. chanrobles virtual law library

(e) All cases in which only an error or question of law is involved. chanrobles virtual law library

(3) Assign temporarily judges of lower courts to other stations as

public interest may require. Such temporary assignment shall not
exceed six (6) months without the consent of the judge concerned. chanrobles virtual law library

(4) Order a change of venue or place of trial to avoid a miscarriage of

justice.
chanrobles virtual law library

(5) Promulgate rules concerning the protection and enforcement of

constitutional rights, pleading, practice, and procedure in all courts, the
admission to the practice of law, the Integrated Bar, and legal
assistance to the underprivileged. Such rules shall provide a simplified
and inexpensive procedure for the speedy disposition of cases, shall be
uniform for all courts of the same grade; and shall not diminish,
increase, or modify substantive rights. Rules of procedure of special
courts and quasi-judicial bodies shall remain effective unless
disapproved by the Supreme Court. chanrobles virtual law library

(6) Appoint all officials and employees of the Judiciary in accordance

with the Civil Service law.   chanrobles virtual law library

             Sec. 19. Apportionment of Jurisdiction. - Congress shall define,

prescribe and apportion the jurisdiction of the various courts but may
not deprive the Supreme Court of its jurisdiction enumerated in the
immediately preceding section. Neither shall a law be passed increasing
its appellate jurisdiction as therein specified without its advice and
concurrence. chanrobles virtual law library

    No law shall be passed reorganizing the Judiciary when it

undermines the security of tenure of its Members. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 20. Administrative Supervision.- The Supreme Court shall have
administrative supervision over all courts and the personnel thereof. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 21. Judicial and Bar Council. - (1) A Judicial and Bar Council is
hereby created under the supervision of the Supreme Court composed
of the Chief Justice as ex officio Chairman, the Secretary of Justice, and
a representative of the Congress as ex officio Member, a representative
of the Integrated Bar, a professor of law, a retired Member of the
Supreme Court, and a representative of the private sector. chanrobles virtual law library

    (2) The regular members of the Council shall be appointed by the
President for a term of four (4) years with the consent of the
Commission of Appointments. Of the Members first appointed, the
representative of the Integrated Bar shall serve for four (4) years, the
professor of law for three (3) years, the retired Justice for two (2)
years, and the representative of the private sector for one (1) year. chanrobles virtual law library

    (3) The Clerk of the Supreme Court shall be the Secretary ex officio
of the Council and shall keep a record of its proceedings. chanrobles virtual law library

    (4) The regular Members of the Council shall receive such
emoluments as may be determined by the Supreme Court. The Supreme
Court shall provide in its annual budget the appropriations for the
Council.chanrobles virtual law library

    (5) The Council shall have the principal function of recommending
appointees to the Judiciary. It may exercise such other functions and
duties as the Supreme Court may assign to it. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 22. Appointment of Members of Judiciary. - The Members of the

Supreme Court and judges of lower courts shall be appointed by the
President from a list of at least three (3) nominees prepared by the
Judicial and Bar Council for every vacancy. Such appointments need no
confirmation. chanrobles virtual law library

    For the lower courts, the President shall issue the appointments
within ninety (90) days from the submission of the list. chanrobles virtual law library
    Sec. 23. Prohibition Against Performing Quasi-Judicial or
Administrative Functions. - The Members of the Supreme Court and of
other courts established by law shall not be designated to any agency
performing quasi-judicial or administrative functions.   chanrobles virtual law library

 
Chapter 5
CONSTITUTIONAL COMMISSIONS
  
             Sec. 24. Constitutional Commissions. - The Constitutional
Commissions, which shall be independent, are the Civil Service
Commission, the Commission on Elections, and the Commission on
Audit.chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 25. Inhibitions Against Constitutional Commissioners. - No

member of a Constitutional Commission shall, during his tenure, hold
any other office or employment. Neither shall he engage in the practice
of any profession or in the active management or control of any
business which in anyway may be affected by the functions of his
office, nor shall he be financially interested, directly or indirectly, in any
contract with, or in any franchise or privilege granted by the
Government, any of its subdivisions, agencies, or instrumentalities,
including government-owned or controlled corporations or their
subsidiaries. chanrobles virtual law library

   Sec. 26. Fiscal Autonomy. - The Constitutional Commissions shall

enjoy fiscal autonomy. The approved annual appropriations shall be
automatically and regularly released. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 27. Promulgation of Rules. - Each Commission en banc may

promulgate its own rules concerning pleadings and practice before it or
before any of its offices. Such rules however shall not diminish,
increase, or modify substantive rights. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 28. Decisions by the Constitutional Commissions.- Each

Commission shall decide, by a majority vote of all its Members, any case
or matter brought before it within sixty (60) days from the date of its
submission for decision or resolution. A case or matter is deemed
submitted for decision or resolution upon the filing of the last pleading,
brief, or memorandum required by the rules of the Commission or by
the Commission itself. Unless otherwise provided by the Constitution or
by law, any decision, order, or ruling of each Commission may be
brought to the Supreme Court on certiorari by the aggrieved party
within thirty (30) days from receipt of a copy thereof.   chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 6
OTHER BODIES
  
             Sec. 29. Other Bodies. - There shall be in accordance with the
Constitution, an Office of the Ombudsman, a Commission on Human
Rights, an independent central monetary authority, and a national
police commission. Likewise, as provided in the Constitution, Congress
may establish an independent economic and planning agency.

BOOK III
 
OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
 
Title I
POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT
 
Chapter 1
POWER OF CONTROL
  
              Sec. 1. Power of Control.- The President shall have control of
all the executive departments, bureaus, and offices. He shall ensure
that the  laws be faithfully executed.   chanrobles virtual law library

 
Chapter 2
ORDINANCE POWER
  
             Sec. 2. Executive Orders. - Acts of the President providing for
rules of a general or permanent character in implementation or
execution of              constitutional or statutory powers shall be
promulgated in executive orders. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 3. Administrative Orders. - Acts of the President which relate to

particular aspect of governmental operations in pursuance of his duties
as administrative head shall be promulgated in administrative orders. chanrobles virtual law

library

    Sec. 4. Proclamations. - Acts of the President fixing a date or

declaring a status or condition of public moment or interest, upon the
existence of which the operation of a specific law or regulation is made
to depend, shall be promulgated in proclamations which shall have the
force of an executive order. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 5. Memorandum Orders. - Acts of the President on matters of

administrative detail or of subordinate or temporary interest which only
concern a particular officer or office of the Government shall be
embodied in memorandum orders. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 6. Memorandum Circulars. - Acts of the President on matters

relating to internal administration, which the President desires to bring
to the attention of all or some of the departments, agencies, bureaus or
offices of the Government, for information or compliance, shall be
embodied in memorandum circulars. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 7. General or Special Orders.- Acts and commands of the

President in his capacity as Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of
the Philippines shall be issued as general or special orders.   chanrobles virtual law library
 
Chapter 3
POWER OVER ALIENS
  
     Sec. 8. Power to Deport. - The President shall have the power to
deport aliens subject to the requirements of due process. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 9. Power to Change Non-Immigrant Status of Aliens. - The

President, subject to the provisions of law, shall have the power to
change the status of non-immigrants by allowing them to acquire
permanent residence status without necessity of visa. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 10. Power to Countermand Decisions of the Board of

Commissioners of the Bureau of Immigration. - The decision of the
Board of Commissioners which has jurisdiction over all deportation
cases shall become final and executory after thirty (30) days from
promulgation, unless within such period the President shall order the
contrary.chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 11. Power over Aliens under the General Principles of
International Law. - The President shall exercise with respect to aliens
in the Philippines such powers as are recognized by the generally
accepted principles of international law.   chanrobles virtual law library

 
Chapter 4
POWERS OF EMINENT DOMAIN, ESCHEAT,
LAND RESERVATION AND RECOVERY OF ILL-GOTTEN WEALTH
  
              Sec. 12. Power of Eminent Domain. - The President shall
determine when it is necessary or advantageous to exercise the power
of eminent  domain in behalf of the National Government, and direct the
Solicitor General, whenever he deems the action advisable, to institute
expropriation proceedings in the proper court. chanrobles virtual law library

   Sec. 13. Power to Direct Escheat or Reversion Proceedings. - The

President shall direct the Solicitor General to institute escheat or
reversion proceedings over all lands transferred or assigned to persons
disqualified under the Constitution to acquire land. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 14. Power to Reserve Lands of the Public and Private Domain of
the Government. - (1) The President shall have the power to reserve for
settlement or public use, and for specific public purposes, any of the
lands of the public domain, the use of which is not otherwise directed
by law. The reserved land shall thereafter remain subject to the specific
public purpose indicated until otherwise provided by law or
proclamation;
    (2) He shall also have the power to reserve from sale or other
disposition and for specific public uses or purposes, any land belonging
to the private domain of the Government, or any of the Friar Lands, the
use of which is not otherwise directed by law, and thereafter such land
shall be used for the purposes specified by such proclamation until
otherwise provided by law. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 15. Power over Ill-gotten Wealth. - The President shall direct the
Solicitor General to institute proceedings to recover properties
unlawfully acquired by public officials or employees, from them or from
their nominees or transferees. chanrobles virtual law library

    Within the period fixed in, or any extension thereof authorized by,
the Constitution, the President shall have the authority to recover ill-
gotten properties amassed by the leaders and supporters of the
previous regime and protect the interest of the people through orders
of sequestration or freezing of assets or accounts.   chanrobles virtual law library

 
Chapter 5
POWER OF APPOINTMENT
  
    Sec. 16. Power of Appointment. - The President shall exercise the
power to appoint such officials as provided for in the Constitution and
laws.chanrobles virtual law library

   Sec. 17. Power to Issue Temporary Designation. - (1) The President

may temporarily designate an officer already in the government service
or any other competent person to perform the functions of an office in
the executive branch, appointment to which is vested in him by law,
when: (a) the officer regularly appointed to the office is unable to
perform his duties by reason of illness, absence or any other cause; or
(b) there exists a vacancy;
    (2) The person designated shall receive the compensation attached
to the position, unless he is already in the government service in which
case he shall receive only such additional compensation as, with his
existing salary, shall not exceed the salary authorized by law for the
position filled. The compensation hereby authorized shall be paid out of
the funds appropriated for the office or agency concerned. chanrobles virtual law library

    (3) In no case shall a temporary designation exceed one (1) year.   chanrobles virtual law library

 
Chapter 6
GENERAL SUPERVISION OVER
LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
  
      Sec. 18. General Supervision Over Local Governments. - The
President shall exercise general supervision over local governments.   chanrobles virtual law library

 
Chapter 7
OTHER POWERS
  
    Sec. 19. Powers Under the Constitution. - The President shall
exercise such other powers as are provided for in the Constitution. chanrobles virtual law library
    Sec. 20. Residual Powers. - Unless Congress provides otherwise, the
President shall exercise such other powers and functions vested in the
President which are provided for under the laws and which are not
specifically enumerated above, or which are not delegated by the
President in accordance with law.   chanrobles virtual law library

 
Title II
ORGANIZATION
 
Chapter 8
ORGANIZATION OF THE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
  
    Sec. 21. Organization. - The Office of the President shall consist of
the Office of the President Proper and the agencies under it. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 22. Office for the President Proper. - (1) The Office of the
President Proper shall consist of the Private Office, the Executive
Office, the Common Staff Support System, and the Presidential Special
Assistants/Advisers System;
(2) The Executive Office refers to the Offices of the Executive Secretary,
Deputy Executive Secretaries and Assistant Executive Secretaries;
(3) The Common Staff Support System embraces the offices or units
under the general categories of development and management, general
government administration and internal administration; and 
(4) The President Special Assistants/Advisers System includes such
special assistants or advisers as may be needed by the President. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 23. The Agencies under the Office of the President. - The
agencies under the Office of the President refer to those offices placed
under the chairmanship of the President, those under the supervision
and control of the President, those under the administrative supervision
of the Office of the President, those attached to it for policy and
program coordination, and those that are not placed by law or order
creating them under any specific department. chanrobles virtual law library

Title III
FUNCTIONS
 
Chapter 9
FUNCTIONS OF THE DIFFERENT OFFICES
IN THE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT PROPER
 
A - PRIVATE OFFICE
  
    Sec. 24. Functions of the Private Office. - The Private Office shall
provide direct services to the President and shall for this purpose
attend  to functions and matters that are personal or which pertain to
the First Family.  
chanrobles virtual law library
 
B - THE EXECUTIVE OFFICE
      
    Sec. 25. Declaration of Policy. - The Executive Office shall be fully
responsive to the specific needs and requirements of the President to
chieve the purposes and objectives of the Office. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 26. The Executive Secretary, the Deputy Executive Secretaries,
and the Assistant Executive Secretaries. - The Executive Office shall be
headed by the Executive Secretary who shall be assisted by one (1) or
more Deputy Executive Secretaries and one (1) or more Assistant
Executive Secretaries.chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 27. Functions of the Executive Secretary. - The Executive

Secretary shall, subject to the control and supervision of the President,
carry out the functions assigned by law to the Executive Office and shall
perform such other duties as may be delegated to him. He shall: 
 
(1) Directly assist the President in the management of the affairs
pertaining to the Government of the Republic of the Philippines;
(2) Implement presidential directives, orders and decisions;
(3) Decide, for and in behalf of the President, matters not requiring
personal presidential attention;
(4) Exercise supervision and control over the various units in the Office
of the President Proper including their internal administrative
requirements;
(5) Exercise supervision, in behalf of the President, over the various
agencies under the Office of the President;
(6) Appoint officials and employees of the Office of the President whose
appointments are not vested in the President;
(7) Provide overall coordination in the operation of the Executive
Office;
(8) Determine and assign matters to the appropriate units in the Office
of the President;
(9) Have administrative responsibility for matters in the Office of the
President coming from the various departments and agencies of
government;
(10) Exercise primary authority to sign papers "By authority of the
President", attest executive orders and other presidential issuances
unless attestation is specifically delegated to other officials by him or
by the President;
(11) Determine, with the President's approval, the appropriate
assignment of offices and agencies not placed by law under any specific
executive department;
(12) Provide consultative, research, fact-finding and advisory service to
the President;
(13) Assist the President in the performance of functions pertaining to
legislation;
(14) Assist the President in the administration of special projects;
(15) Take charge of matters pertaining to protocol in State and
ceremonial functions;
(16) Provide secretarial and clerical services for the President, the
Cabinet, the Council of State, and other advisory bodies to the President
(17) Promulgate such rules and regulations necessary to carry out the
objectives, policies and functions of the Office of the President Proper;
(18) Perform such other functions as the President may direct. chanrobles virtual law library

 
C - COMMON STAFF SUPPORT SYSTEM
  
     Sec. 28. Functions of the Common Staff Support System. - The
various staff units in the Office of the President Proper shall form a
common  staff support system and shall be organized along the various
tasks of the Office namely: 
 
(1) The Cabinet Secretariat which shall assist the President in the
establishment of agenda topics for the Cabinet deliberation, or facilitate
the discussion of cabinet meetings. It shall have such organization,
powers and functions as are prescribed by law;
(2) The Presidential Management Staff (PMS) which shall be the
primary government agency directly responsible to the Office of the
President for providing staff assistance in the Presidential exercise of
overall management of the development process. It shall have such
organization, powers and functions as are prescribed by law;
(3) General Government Administration Staff which shall provide the
President with staff support on matters concerning general government
administration relative to the operations of the national government
including the provision of legal services, administrative services, staff
work on political and legislative matters, information and assistance to
the general public, measures toward resolution of complaints against
public officials and employees brought to the attention of the Office of
the President and such other matters as the President may assign;
(4) Internal Administrative Staff which shall render auxiliary and
support services for the internal administration of the Office of the
President.chanrobles virtual law library

 
D - PRESIDENTIAL ASSISTANT/ADVISERS SYSTEM
  
    Sec. 29. Functions of Presidential Assistants/Advisers Systems. - The
Special Assistants/Advisers System shall provide advisory or
consultative   services to the President in such fields and under such
conditions as the President may determine.  chanrobles virtual law library

 
 Chapter 10
FUNCTIONS OF THE AGENCIES
UNDER THE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
  
              Sec. 30. Function of Agencies Under the Office of the President.
- Agencies under the Office of the President shall continue to operate
and function in accordance with their respective charters or laws
creating them, except as otherwise provided in this Code or by law.

    Sec. 31. Continuing Authority of the President to Reorganize his

Office. - The President, subject to the policy in the Executive Office and
in order to achieve simplicity, economy and efficiency, shall have
continuing authority to reorganize the administrative structure of the
Office of the President. For this purpose, he may take any of the
following actions: 
(1) Restructure the internal organization of the Office of the President
Proper, including the immediate Offices, the Presidential Special
Assistants/Advisers System and the Common staff Support System, by
abolishing, consolidating or merging units thereof or transferring
functions from one unit to another; chanroblesvirtualawlibrary

(2) Transfer any function under the Office of the President to any other
Department or Agency as well as transfer functions to the Office of the
President from other Departments and Agencies; and

(3) Transfer any agency under the Office of the President to any other
department or agency as well as transfer agencies to the Office of the
President from other departments or agencies.

BOOK IV
THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH
 
Chapter 1
THE DEPARTMENTS
 
    Sec. 1. Purpose and Number of Departments. - The Executive Branch
shall have such Departments as are necessary for the functional
distribution of the work of the President and for the performance of
their functions.chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 2
SECRETARIES, UNDERSECRETARIES,
AND ASSISTANT SECRETARIES
  
    Sec. 6. Authority and Responsibility of the Secretary. - The authority
and responsibility for the exercise of the mandate of the Department
and for the discharge of its powers and functions shall be vested in the
Secretary, who shall have supervision and control of the Department. chanrobles virtual law

 
library

  
    Sec. 7. Powers and Functions of the Secretary. - The Secretary shall: 

(1) Advise the President in issuing executive orders, regulations,

proclamations and other issuances, the promulgation of which is
expressly vested by law in the President relative to matters under the
jurisdiction of the Department;

  
    Sec. 9. Submission of Budget Estimates. - The Secretary shall prepare
and submit to the President through the Department of Budget and
Management an estimate of the necessary expenditures of the
department during the next fiscal year, on the basis of the reports and
estimates submitted by bureaus and officers under him. chanrobles virtual law library

(1) Advise and assist the Secretary in the formulation and

implementation of department objectives and policies;

Chapter 3
DEPARTMENT SERVICES
  
Sec. 12. Department Services. - Except as otherwise provided by law,
each Department shall have Department Services which shall include
the Planning Service, the Financial and Management Service, the
Administrative Service, and whenever necessary the Technical and
Legal Services.chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 4
BUREAUS
  
    Sec. 18. Bureaus in General. - (1) A Bureau is any principal
subdivision of the department performing a single major function or
closely related functions. Bureaus are either staff or line. chanrobles virtual law library

(a) Advise and assist the Office of the Secretary on matters pertaining
to the Bureau's area of specialization;

    (3) The staff bureau shall avail itself of the planning, financial and
administrative services in the department proper. The bureau may have
a separate administrative division, if circumstances so warrant. chanrobles virtual law library

(a) Exercise supervision and control over all division and other units,
including regional offices, under the bureau;

Chapter 5
FIELD OFFICES
  
    Sec. 21. Regional Offices. - Regional Offices shall be established
according to law defining field service areas. The administrative regions
shall be composed of a National Capital Region and Regions I to XII.
Provincial and district offices may be established only by law whenever
necessary. chanrobles virtual law library

(a) Implement laws, policies, plans, programs, rules and regulations of

the department or agency in the regional area; chanroblesvirtualawlibrary

(1) Implement laws, policies, rules and regulations within the

responsibility of the agency;

Chapter 6
POWERS AND DUTIES OF HEADS OF
BUREAUS OR OFFICES
  
    Sec. 29. Powers and Duties in General. - The head of bureau or office
shall be its chief executive officer. He shall exercise overall authority in
matters within the jurisdiction of the bureau, office or agency, including
those relating to its operations, and enforce all laws and regulations
pertaining to it. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 7
ADMINISTRATIVE RELATIONSHIP
  
    Sec. 38. Definition of Administrative Relationship. - Unless otherwise
expressly stated in the Code or in other laws defining the special
relationships of particular agencies, administrative relationships shall
be categorized and defined as follows:

Chapter 8
SUPERVISION AND CONTROL
  
    Sec. 39. Secretary's Authority. - (1) The Secretary shall have
supervision and control over the bureaus, offices, and agencies under
him, subject to the following guidelines: 

(a) Initiative and freedom of action on the part of subordinate units

shall be encouraged and promoted, rather than curtailed, and
reasonable opportunity to act shall be afforded those units before
control is exercised;

    (2) This Chapter shall not apply to chartered institutions or

government-owned or controlled corporations attached to the
department.

Chapter 9
RELATIONSHIP OR GOVERNMENT-OWNED OR CONTROLLED
CORPORATIONS AND REGULATORY AGENCIES TO THE DEPARTMENT
  
    Sec. 42. Government-Owned or Controlled Corporations. -
Government-owned or controlled corporations shall be attached to the
appropriate department with which they have allied functions, as
hereinafter provided, or as may be provided by executive order, for
policy and program coordination and for general supervision provided
in pertinent provisions of this Code. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 10
APPOINTMENTS AND QUALIFICATIONS
  
    Sec. 44. Appointment of Secretaries. - The Secretaries of
Departments shall be appointed by the President with the consent of
the Commission on Appointments, at the beginning of his term of office,
and shall hold office, unless sooner removed, until the expiration of his
term of office, or until their successors shall have been appointed and
qualified.
chanrobles virtual law library
 Chapter 11
ADMINISTRATIVE ISSUANCES
  
    Sec. 50. General Classification of Issuances. - The administrative
issuances of Secretaries and heads of bureaus, offices or agencies shall
be in the form of circulars or orders. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 12
MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS
  
    Sec. 54. Charges for Property Sold or Services Rendered; Refunds. -
(1) For services required by law to be rendered for a fee, for supplies
furnished, or articles of any kind sold to other divisions of the
government or to any person, the head of bureau, office or agency may,
upon approval of the Secretary charge and collect the cost of the
service, supplies, or articles or other rate in excess of cost prescribed
by law or approved by the same authority. For local governments, the
rate, except where otherwise prescribed by law, shall be affixed at cost
or at such other reasonable rate in excess of cost by the boards or
councils concerned;

Chapter 13
CONTRACTS
  
    Sec. 57. Conveyances and Contracts to which the Government is a
Party. - Any deed, instrument or contract conveying the title to real
estate or to any other property the value of which does not exceed fifty
million pesos (P50,000,000) awarded through public bidding, and five
million pesos (P5,000,000) awarded through negotiation, shall be
executed and signed by the respective Secretary on behalf of the
Government of the Philippines. Where the value of the property exceeds
the aforesaid ceilings, such deed, instrument or contract shall be
executed and signed by the President of the Philippines on behalf of the
Government. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 14
CONTROVERSIES AMONG GOVERNMENT
OFFICES AND CORPORATIONS
  
    Sec. 66. How Settled. - All disputes, claims and controversies, solely
between or among the departments, bureaus, offices, agencies and
instrumentalities of the National Government, including government-
owned or controlled corporations, such as those arising from the
interpretation and application of statutes, contracts or agreements,
shall be administratively settled or adjudicated in the manner provided
in this Chapter. This Chapter shall, however, not apply to disputes
involving the Congress, the Supreme Court, the Constitutional
Commissions, and local governments. chanrobles virtual law library

Title I
FOREIGN AFFAIRS
 
Chapter 1
GENERAL PROVISIONS
  
    Sec. 1. Declaration of Policy. - The State shall pursue an independent
foreign policy. In its relations with other states the paramount
consideration shall be national sovereignty, territorial integrity,
national interest, and the right to self-determination. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 2
DEPARTMENT PROPER
  
    Sec. 5. Offices Under the Direct Supervision of the Secretary. - The
Secretary shall exercise direct supervision over the following:

Chapter 3
DEPARTMENT SERVICES
  
    Sec. 10. Office of the Legal Adviser. - The Office of the Legal Adviser
shall be headed by a Legal Adviser, who shall be a career Chief of
Mission. However, the Legal Adviser may be appointed by the President,
upon the recommendation of the Secretary, from outside the career
service, in which case he shall have the assimilated rank of a Chief of
Mission. His term shall be co-terminus with the tenure of the Secretary,
unless sooner terminated, and he is not eligible for foreign assignment.
The Legal Adviser shall provide legal advice and services to the
Department. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 4
BOARD OF FOREIGN SERVICE ADMINISTRATION
  
    Sec. 15. Composition. - The Board of Foreign Service Administration
shall be composed of nine (9) members: one (1) Undersecretary as
Chairman; the other Undersecretary as Vice-Chairman; the six (6)
Assistant Secretaries and the Legal Adviser, as members. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 5
BOARD OF FOREIGN SERVICE EXAMINERS
  
     Sec. 17. Composition. - The Board of Foreign Service Examiners shall
be composed of one (1) Undersecretary as Chairman; and the Assistant
Secretary for Personnel and Administrative Services and a
Commissioner of the Civil Service Commission as members. The Board
shall be under the administrative supervision of such Undersecretary. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 6
ATTACHED AGENCIES
  
    Sec. 19. Attached Agencies. - The Law of the Sea Secretariat, the
Inter-Agency Technical Committee on Economic, Scientific and
Technical Cooperation with Socialist Countries (SOCCOM), the Inter-
Agency Technical Committee on Technical Cooperation Among
Developing Countries (IATC-TC), the Permanent Inter-Agency Technical
Committee on ESCAP Matters (PITCEM), and other agencies attached to
the Department shall continue to operate and function in accordance
with their respective charters or laws creating them, except as
otherwise provided in this Code.   chanrobles virtual law library

 
Chapter 7
THE FOREIGN SERVICE
  
    Sec. 20. Functions of Diplomatic Missions. - The Diplomatic Missions
shall:

Chapter 8
ATTACHES AND REPRESENTATIVES
  
    Sec. 22. Attaches of the Department. - The Department Head shall
designate attaches of the Department from the ranks of Foreign Service
Officers and Foreign Service Staff Officers.
chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 9
 PERSONNEL
  
    Sec. 29. Policy. - To enable the Foreign Service to effectively serve
abroad the interests of the Republic of the Philippines, it shall be the
policy of the Department that only persons who are competent, of good
moral character, and fully informed of the Philippine History and
current trends in Filipino life shall be appointed to the service. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 10
APPOINTMENTS, COMPENSATION AND BENEFITS
  
    Sec. 35. Foreign Service Officers. - (1) Foreign Service Officers shall
be appointed by the President. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 11
PROMOTIONS
  
    Sec. 39. Merit Promotion System. - The Board of the Foreign Service
shall establish a merit promotion system for all officers and employees
of the Department. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 12
ASSIGNMENTS AND TRANSFERS
  
    Sec. 43. Rotation Plan. - The secretary shall establish a system of
assignments and transfers to ensure that all qualified officers and
employees, except the employees in the non-career service, shall serve
in diplomatic and consular establishments in different regions of the
world. The assignment and transfer of personnel shall follow a regular
rotation plan. For purposes of assignments, the home office shall be
considered a post. All personnel shall be available for assignment to
any post.chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 13
PASSPORT
  
    Sec. 48. Definition. - A Philippine passport is an official document of
identity of Philippine citizenship of the holder issued for travel
purposes. chanrobles virtual law library
 Chapter 14
MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
  
    Sec. 55. Use of Savings. - The Secretary is authorized to use any
savings in the appropriations for the Department for the payment of:
(a) expenses for the evacuation or repatriation to the Philippines, when
necessary due to an emergency, of members of the household of the
personnel of any diplomatic or consular establishment as well as the
transportation of their personal effects; (b) actual return passage by
the most direct and economical means of transportation and the cost of
shipment of the household effects to Manila of any officer or employee
in the Foreign Service, including the immediate dependent members of
his family, who resigns or is separated from the service for cause; (c)
the cost of preparing and transporting the remains of an officer or
employee who is a citizen of the Philippines and the immediate
members of his family who may die abroad or while in travel status; or
(d) contingent and unforeseen expenses that may arise in connection
with the operation of the Foreign Service. chanrobles virtual law library

Title II
FINANCE
 
Chapter 1
GENERAL PROVISIONS
  
    Sec. 1. Declaration of Policy. - It is the policy of the State that the
Department of Finance shall be primarily responsible for the sound and
efficient management of the financial resources of the Government, its
subdivisions, agencies and instrumentalities. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 2
DEPARTMENT PROPER
  
    Sec. 5. Office of the Secretary. - The Office of the Secretary shall
consist of the Secretary, his Undersecretary and their immediate
staffs.
chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 3
DEPARTMENT SERVICES
  
    Sec. 8. Policy Development and Management Services Group. - The
Policy Development and Management Services Group, which shall be
headed by an Undersecretary, shall consist of the following:

Chapter 4
BUREAUS
  
    Sec. 16. Operations Groups. - The Operation Groups, each of which
shall be headed by an Undersecretary, shall consist of the following:

Chapter 5
REGIONAL OFFICES
  
    Sec. 40. Regional Offices. - There shall be a Regional Office in each
region. Each Regional Office shall be headed by a Regional Director. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 6
ATTACHED AGENCIES
  
    Sec. 42. Attached Agencies. - The following agencies are hereby
attached to the Department:

Title III - JUSTICE

 
Chapter I
GENERAL PROVISIONS
  
    Sec. 1. Declaration of Policy. - It is the declared policy of the State to
provide the government with a principal law agency which shall be both
its legal counsel and prosecution arm; administer the criminal justice
system in accordance with the accepted processes thereof consisting in
the investigation of the crimes, prosecution of offenders and
administration of the correctional system; implement the laws on the
admission and stay of aliens, citizenship, land titling system, and
settlement of land problems involving small landowners and members
of indigenous cultural minorities; and provide free legal services to
indigent members of the society. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 2
DEPARTMENT PROPER
  
    Sec. 5. The Department Proper. - The Department Proper shall be
composed of the Office of the Secretary and the Undersecretaries,
Technical and Administrative Service, Financial Management Service,
Legal Staff and the Office of the Chief State Prosecutor. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 3
OFFICE OF THE GOVERNMENT
CORPORATE COUNSEL
  
    Sec. 10. Office of the Government Corporate Counsel. - The Office of
the Government Corporate Counsel (OGCC) shall act as the principal
law office of all government-owned or controlled corporations, their
subsidiaries, other corporate off-springs and government acquired
asset corporations and shall exercise control and supervision over all
legal departments or divisions maintained separately and such powers
and functions as are now or may hereafter be provided by law. In the
exercise of such control and supervision, the Government Corporate
Counsel shall promulgate rules and regulations to effectively implement
the objectives of the Office. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 4
NATIONAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
  
    Sec. 11. National Bureau of Investigation. - The National Bureau of
Investigation (NBI) with all its duly authorized constituent units
including its regional and district offices and rehabilitation center, shall
continue to perform the powers and functions as are now vested in it
under the existing law and such additional functions as may hereafter
be provided by law. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 5
PUBLIC ATTORNEY'S OFFICE
  
    Sec. 14. Public Attorney's Office (PAO). - The Citizen's Legal
Assistance Office (CLAO) is renamed Public Attorney's Office (PAO). It
shall exercise the powers and functions as are now provided by law for
the Citizen's Legal Assistance Office or may hereafter be provided by
law. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 6
BOARD OF PARDONS AND PAROLE
  
    Sec. 17. Board of Pardons and Parole. - The Board of Pardons and
Parole shall continue to discharge the powers and functions as provided
in existing law and such additional functions as may be provided by
law.chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 7
PAROLE AND PROBATION ADMINISTRATION
  
    Sec. 23. Parole and Probation Administration. - The Parole and
Probation Administration hereinafter referred to as the Administration
shall have the follolwing functions:

Chapter 8
BUREAU OF CORRECTIONS
  
    Sec. 26. Bureau of Corrections. - The Bureau of Corrections shall have
its principal task the rehabilitation of prisoners. The Bureau of
Corrections shall exercise such powers and functions as are now
provided for the Bureau of Prisons or may hereafter be provided by
law.chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 9
LAND REGISTRATION AUTHORITY
  
    Sec. 28. The Land Registration Authority. - The Land Registration
Authority, hereinafter referred to as the Authority shall continue to
exercise its powers and functions under existing law on the Land Titles
and Deeds Registration Authority and those which may hereafter be
provided by law. chanrobles virtual law library

Chaper 10
BUREAU OF IMMIGRATION
  
    Sec. 31. Bureau of Immigration. - The Bureau of Immigration is
principally responsible for the administration and enforcement of
immigration, citizenship and alien admission and registration laws in
accordance with the provisions of the Philippine Immigration Act of
1940, as amended (C.A. No. 613, as amended). The following units shall
comprise the structural organization of the Bureau:
 Chapter 11
COMMISSION ON THE SETTLEMENT OF LAND PROBLEMS
  
    Sec. 32. Commission on the Settlement of Land Problems. - The
Commission on the Settlement of Land Problems shall be responsible
for the settlement of land problems involving small landowners and
members of cultural minorities. It shall also perform such other
functions, as are now or may hereafter be provided by law. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 12
OFFICE OF THE SOLICITOR GENERAL
  
    Sec. 34. Organizational Structure. - The Office of the Solicitor General
shall be an independent and autonomous office attached to the
Department of Justice. chanrobles virtual law library

Title IV - AGRICULTURE
 
Chapter 1
GENERAL PROVISIONS
  
    Sec. 1. Declaration of Policy. - The State shall promote the well being
of farmers, including share tenants, leaseholders, settlers, fishermen,
and other rural workers by providing an environment in which they can
increase their income, improve their living conditions, and maximize
their contributions to the national economy. Toward this end, the State
shall accelerate agricultural development and enhance the production
of agricultural crops, fisheries, and livestock by optimizing the use of
resources and by applying modern farming systems and technology in
order to attain food security for domestic use and expand and diversify
agricultural production for export. It shall also encourage private
initiative in agri-business ventures both in the production and in the
exportation and importation of food and other allied commodities. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 2
DEPARTMENT PROPER
  
    Sec. 5. Office of the Secretary. - The Office of the Secretary shall
consist of the Secretary and his immediate staff as determined by him. chanrobles

virtual law library

 Chapter 3
DEPARTMENT SERVICES
  
    Sec. 10. Planning and Monitoring Service. - The Planning and
Monitoring Service shall be responsible for the formulation and
integration of plans and programs, emanating from all units of the
Department, including the Bureau, Regional Offices and Attached
Agencies. It shall also be responsible for data analysis and monitoring
of the implementation of said plans and programs through its
management information system. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 4 - BUREAUS AND OFFICES

  
    Sec. 18. Bureau of Animal Industries. - The Bureau of Animal
Industry shall:

Chapter 5
REGIONAL OFFICES
  
    Sec. 26. Functions. - The Department of Agriculture is authorized to
establish, operate, and maintain a Regional Office in each of the
administrative regions of the country. Each Regional Office shall be
headed by a Regional Director, to be assisted by three (3) Assistant
Regional Directors, assigned to Operations, Research, and Support
Services, respectively. Each Regional Office shall have, within its
administrative regions, the following duties and responsibilities:

- Chapter 6 - ATTACHED AGENCIES

  
    Sec. 47. Attached Agencies. - The following units are hereby attached
to the Department:

Title V
PUBLIC WORKS AND HIGHWAYS
 
Chapter 1
GENERAL PROVISIONS
  
    Sec. 1. Declaration of Policy. - The State shall maintain an
engineering and construction arm and continuously develop its
technology, for the purposes of ensuring the safety of all infrastructure
facilities and securing for all public works and highways the highest
efficiency and the most appropriate quality in construction. The
planning, design, construction and maintenance of infrastructure
facilities, especially national highways, flood control and water
resources development systems, and other public works in accordance
with national development objectives, shall be the responsibility of
such an engineering and construction arm. However, the exercise of
this responsibility shall be decentralized to the fullest extent feasible. chanrobles virtual law

library

Chapter 2
DEPARTMENT PROPER
  
    Sec. 5. Office of the Secretary. - The Office of the Secretary shall be
composed of the Secretary and his immediate staff. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 3
DEPARTMENT SERVICES
  
    Sec. 8. Internal Audit Service. - The Internal Audit Service shall
conduct comprehensive audit of various Department activities.
Specifically, it shall have the following functions:

Chapter 4
THE BUREAU
  
    Sec. 14. Bureau Head. - Each Bureau shall be headed by a Bureau
Director who shall be responsible for efficiently and effectively carrying
out the functions of the Bureau. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 5
REGIONAL OFFICES
  
    Sec. 20. Regional Offices. - Regional Offices shall be responsible for
highways, flood control and water resource development systems, and
other public works within the region, except those defined in Section 3,
par. (4) hereof. For this purpose, their duties and responsibilities shall
be as follows:

Chapter 6
ATTACHED AGENCIES
  
    Sec. 25. Attached Agencies and Corporations. - Agencies and
corporations attached to the Department shall continue to operate and
function in accordance with their respective charters/laws/executive
orders creating them. Accordingly, the Metropolitan Waterworks and
Sewerage System, the Local Water Utilities Administration, the National
Irrigation Administration, and the National Water Resources Council,
among others, shall continue to be attached to the Department; while
the Metropolitan Manila Flood Control and Drainage Council, as
reorganized, shall be attached to the Department.   chanrobles virtual law library

 
Title VI
EDUCATION, CULTURE AND SPORTS
 
Chapter 1
GENERAL PROVISIONS
  
    Sec. 1. Declaration of Policy. - The State shall protect and promote
the right of all citizens to quality education at all levels and shall take
appropriate steps to make such education accessible to all. Pursuant to
this, the State shall:

Chapter 2
DEPARTMENT PROPER
  
    Sec. 5. Office of the Secretary. - The Office of the Secretary shall be
composed of the Secretary and his immediate staff. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 3
DEPARTMENT SERVICES
  
    Sec. 7. Functions of the Services. - The Services of the Department
shall consist of the following:

Chapter 4
BOARD OF HIGHER EDUCATION
  
    Sec. 8. Organization. - The Board shall be composed of an
Undersecretary of the Department of Education, Culture and Sports
designated as Chairman and four other members to be appointed by the
President of the Philippines upon nomination by the Secretary of
Education, Culture and Sports for a term of four years. The four
members shall have distinguished themselves in the field of higher
education and development either in the public or private sector. The
Director of the Bureau of Higher Education shall participate in the
deliberation of the Board but without the right to vote. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 5
STATE COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES
  
    Sec. 11. Governance. - By virtue of his chairmanship of their boards
of trustees as provided in their respective charters, the Secretary,
directly or through his Undersecretaries, shall continue to govern state
colleges and universities.   chanrobles virtual law library

 
Chapter 6
BUREAUS AND OFFICES
  
    Sec. 12. Bureau of Elementary Education. - The Bureau of Elementary
Education shall have following functions:

Chapter 7
REGIONAL OFFICES
  
    Sec. 18. Organization. - The Department is hereby authorized to
establish, operate and maintain a Regional Office in each of the
administrative regions of the country. Each Regional Office shall be
headed by a Regional Director who shall be assisted by an Assistant
Regional Director. The Regional Director shall be responsible for the
School Divisions and their Superintendents within his administrative
region.chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 8
ATTACHED AGENCIES
  
    Sec. 20. Attached Agencies. - The following agencies are hereby
attached to the Department:

Chapter 9
MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
  
    Sec. 23. Medium of Instruction. - The Department shall promulgate
rules and the regulations on the medium of instruction for all schools in
accordance with the policy declared in Section 7, Article XIV of the
Constitution. chanrobles virtual law library
 Title VII
LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT
 
Chapter 1
GENERAL PROVISIONS
  
    Sec. 1. Declaration of Policy. - (1) The State shall afford full
protection to labor and promote full employment and equality of
employment opportunities for all. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 2
DEPARTMENT PROPER
  
    Sec. 5. Office of the Secretary. - The Office of the Secretary shall
consist of the Secretary and his immediate staff. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 3 - DEPARTMENT SERVICES

  
    Sec. 9. Planning Service. - The Planning Service shall provide the
Department with efficient, effective and economical services relating to
planning, programming, project development and evaluation, and the
development and implementation of a management information
system.chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 4
BUREAUS
  
    Sec. 16. Bureau of Labor Relations. - The Bureau of Labor Relations
shall set policies, standards, and procedures on the registration and
supervision of legitimate labor union activities including denial,
cancellation and revocation of labor union permits. It shall also set
policies, standards, and procedure relating to collective bargaining
agreements, and the examination of financial records of accounts of
labor organizations to determine compliance with relevant laws. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 5
REGIONAL OFFICES
  
    Sec. 24. Regional Offices, District Offices and Provincial Extension
Units. - The Department is hereby authorized to establish, operate and
maintain such Department-wide Regional Offices, District Offices and
Provincial Extension Units in each of the administrative regions of the
country, insofar as necessary to promote economy and efficiency in the
delivery of its services. Its Regional Office shall be headed by a
Regional Director who shall have supervision and control thereof. The
Regional Director, whenever necessary, shall be assisted by an
Assistant Regional Director. A Regional Office shall have, within its
regional areas, the following functions:

Chapter 6
ATTACHED AGENCIES
  
    Sec. 25. Attached Agencies. - The following agencies are attached to
the Department for policy and program coordination and administrative
supervision:

Title VIII
NATIONAL DEFENSE
 
Subtitle I
PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS
 
Chapter 1
NATIONAL DEFENSE POLICIES
  
    Sec. 1. Declaration of Policies. - (1) The prime duty of the
Government is to serve and protect the people. Government may call
upon the people to defend the State and, in fulfillment thereof, all
citizens may be required, under conditions provided by law, to render
personal military or civil service. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 2
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
  
    Sec. 2. Declaration of Policies. - (1) The formulation of integrated
and rationalized national, foreign, military, political, economic, social
and educational policies, programs, and procedures vital to the security
of the state.
chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 3
 NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE COORDINATING AGENCY
  
    Sec. 9. Functions. - The National Intelligence Coordinating Agency,
hereinafter referred to as the Agency, shall:

Subtitle II
DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL DEFENSE
 
Chapter 1
GENERAL PROVISIONS
  
    Sec. 15. Declaration of Policy. - The defense establishment shall be
maintained to maximize its effectiveness for guarding against external
and internal threats to national peace and security and provide support
for social and economic development. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 2
DEPARTMENT PROPER
  
    Sec. 19. Office of the Secretary. - The Office of the Secretary shall
consist of the Secretary and his immediate staff as determined by him. chanrobles

virtual law library

Chapter 3
GOVERNMENT ARSENAL
  
    Sec. 24. Organization. - The Government Arsenal shall be headed by a
Director who shall be assisted by one or more Assistant Directors. It
shall have staff and operating units provided by law. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 4
OFFICE OF CIVIL DEFENSE
  
    Sec. 27. Organization. - The Office of Civil Defense shall be headed by
an Administrator who shall be assisted by a Deputy Administrator. The
Office shall have staff and operating units as may be provided by law. chanrobles virtual law

library

Chapter 5
PHILIPPINE VETERANS AFFAIRS OFFICE
  
    Sec. 31. Organization. - The Philippine Veterans Affairs Office shall be
headed by an Administrator who may be assisted by one Deputy
Administrator. It shall have staff and operating units provided by law. chanrobles virtual law

library

Chapter 6
ARMED FORCES OF THE PHILIPPINES
  
    Sec. 33. Functions. - The Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) shall:

  
  Chapter 7
GENERAL HEADQUARTERS
  
    Sec. 40. Functions. - The General Headquarters, AFP, shall:

Chapter 8
MAJOR SERVICES
  
    Sec. 46. Organization.- The Major Services shall be organized by the
Chief of Staff in accordance with the policies laid down by the Secretary
of National Defense. The commanders of the Major Services shall hold
such grade as provided by law, and shall be appointed by the President
upon the recommendation of the Secretary of National Defense. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 9
PHILIPPINE MILITARY ACADEMY
  
    Sec. 58. Organization. - (1) The Philippine Military Academy is the
primary training and educational institution of the AFP. It shall be the
primary sources of regular officers of the Standing Force. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 10
NATIONAL DEFENSE COLLEGE OF THE PHILIPPINES
  
    Sec. 60. Organization and Administration. - (1) The National Defense
College of the Philippines, hereafter referred to as the College, shall be
under the direction, supervision and control of the Secretary of National
Defense. chanrobles virtual law library
 Chapter 11
INTEGRATED NATIONAL POLICE
  
    Sec. 63. Composition. - Unless otherwise provided by law, the
Integrated National Police shall be composed of the Philippine
Constabulary as the nucleus and the Integrated Police Force, Fire
Services as Jail Management Services as components, under the
Department of National Defense. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 12
ATTACHED AGENCIES
  
    Sec. 68. Attached Agencies. - Agencies which are attached to the
Department shall operate in accordance with their respective
organizational structures and perform the functions and duties
assigned to them by law, subject to the requirements of economy,
efficiency, and effectiveness.   chanrobles virtual law library

 
Subtitle III
THE NATIONAL POLICE COMMISSION
  
    Sec. 69. Declaration of Policy. - (1) The State shall establish and
maintain one police force which shall be national in scope and civilian in
character, to be administered and controlled by a national police
commission and shall provide, by law, the authority of local executives
over the police units in their jurisdiction. chanrobles virtual law library

Title IX
HEALTH
 
Chapter 1
GENERAL PROVISIONS
  
    Sec. 1. Declaration of Policy. - The State shall protect and promote
the right to health of the people and instill health consciousness among
them; adopt an integrated and comprehensive approach to health
development, with priority for the underprivileged sick, elderly,
disabled, women and children; endeavor to make essential goods,
health and other social services available to all the people at affordable
cost; establish and maintain an effective food and drug regulatory
system; and undertake appropriate health manpower development and
research, responsive to the country's health needs and problems. chanrobles virtual law library
 Chapter 2
DEPARTMENT PROPER
  
    Sec. 5. Department Proper. - The Department Proper shall be
composed of the Office of the Secretary, the Office for Management
Services, the Office for Public Health Services, the Office for Hospital
and Facilities Services, the Office for Standards and Regulations, and
the Executive Committee for National Filed Operations. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 3
DEPARTMENT SERVICES
  
    Sec. 12. Office for Management Services. - The Office for
Management Services, headed by an Undersecretary who shall be
supported by an Assistant Secretary, shall include six (6) staff services
involved in providing support services to the Department Proper, field
offices and attached agencies, which are as follows:

Chapter 4
OFFICES AND BUREAUS
  
    Sec. 13. Office for Public Health Services. - The Office for Public
Health Services, headed by an Undersecretary, shall include ten (10)
staff services involved in policy formulation, standards development,
programs development, and program monitoring of disease control and
service delivery programs implemented by the field offices. The
Undersecretary for Public Health Services, who shall be supported by an
Assistant Secretary, shall supervise the following:

Chapter 5
FIELD OFFICES
  
    Sec. 16. Office for National Field Operations. - The Office for National
Field Operations, through an Executive Committee, shall supervise the
operations of the various Regional Field Offices and the National Health
Facilities, as enumerated in Section 17(3) and further described in
Sections 18, 19 and 20 hereof. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 6
 ATTACHED AGENCIES
  
    Sec. 24. Attached Entities. - The Philippine Medical Care Commission
and the Dangerous Drugs Board shall be attached to the Department
and shall continue to operate and function in accordance with the law
creating them, except as otherwise provided in this Code. chanrobles virtual law library

Title X
TRADE AND INDUSTRY
 
Chapter 1
GENERAL PROVISIONS
  
    Sec. 1. Declaration of Policy. - The State shall develop a self-reliant
and independent national economy effectively controlled by Filipinos. It
recognizes the indispensable role of the private sector, encourages
private enterprise, and provides incentives to needed investments. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 2
DEPARTMENT PROPER
  
    Sec. 5. Office of the Secretary. - The Office of the Secretary shall
consist of the Secretary, his immediate staff, the Undersecretary for
Policy Planning and Support Services, and the Offices and Services
directly supportive of the Office of the Secretary. The functions of the
foregoing shall be as follows:

Chapter 3
OFFICE OF THE UNDERSECRETARY FOR DOMESTIC TRADE
  
    Sec. 10. Office of the Undersecretary for Domestic Trade. - The Office
of the Undersecretary for Domestic Trade shall include all the staff
bureaus and services involved in policy formulation, standards
development, regulatory, and service delivery programs pertinent to
domestic trade and commerce being implemented by the Department's
line operating units. The Undersecretary for Domestic Trade shall
supervise the following:

Chapter 4
OFFICE OF THE UNDERSECRETARY FOR INTERNATIONAL TRADE
  
    Sec. 11. Office of the Undersecretary for International Trade. - The
Office of the Undersecretary for International Trade shall include all the
units involved in policy formulation, standards development, program
monitoring of the development, regulatory, and service delivery
programs of the Department pertinent to international trade and
commerce being implemented by the Department's line operating units.
The Undersecretary for International Trade shall supervise the
following:

Chapter 5
OFFICE OF THE UNDERSECRETARY FOR
INDUSTRY AND INVESTMENTS
  
    Sec. 12. Office of the Undersecretary for Industry and Investments. -
The Office of the Undersecretary for Industry and Investments shall
supervise all agencies involved in the formulation and implementation
of programs and projects pertinent to the development of domestic
industries and the promotion of investments in activities or enterprises
critical to the Department's trade and industry development program. chanrobles virtual law

library

Chapter 6
OFFICE OF THE UNDERSECRETARY FOR
REGIONAL OPERATIONS
  
    Sec. 13. Office of the Undersecretary for Regional Operations. - The
Office of the Undersecretary for Regional Operations shall exercise
supervision and control over the Department's Regional Offices,
described in Section 9, par. 1 hereof. It shall be responsible for the field
operations of the Department, ensuring full compliance with
Department policies, rigorous implementation of Department and
regulations, and proper implementation of Department plans and
programs by the Regional Offices in their respective administrative
jurisdictions.
chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 7
ATTACHED AGENCIES
  
    Sec. 15. Line Corporate Agencies and Government Entities. - The
following are the Line Corporate Agencies and Government Entities that
will perform their specific regulatory functions, particular
developmental responsibilities, and specialized business activities in a
manner consonant with the Departments' mandate, objectives, policies,
plans, and programs:

Title XI
AGRARIAN REFORM
 
Chapter 1
GENERAL PROVISIONS
 
    Sec. 1. Declaration of Policy. - The State shall undertake an agrarian
reform program founded on the right of farmers and regular
farmworkers who are landless to own directly or collectively the lands
they till or, in the case of other farmworkers, to receive a just share of
the fruits thereof.
chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 2
DEPARTMENT PROPER
  
    Sec. 5. Office of the Secretary. - The Office of the Secretary shall
consist of the Secretary and his immediate staff. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 3
DEPARTMENT SERVICES
  
    Sec. 8. Management and Executive Services. - The Management and
Executive Services shall have the following functions:

Chapter 4
BUREAUS
  
    Sec. 13. Bureau of Agrarian Legal Assistance. - The Bureau of
Agrarian Legal Assistance shall have the following functions:

Chapter 5
REGIONAL AND DISTRICT OFFICES
AND ATTACHED AGENCIES
  
    Sec. 18. Regional Office. - The Regional Office shall be responsible for
supporting the field units and supervising program implementation of
the Department within the region. It shall:
 Title XII
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
 
Chapter 1
GENERAL PROVISIONS
  
    Sec. 1. Declaration of Policy. - The State shall ensure the autonomy
of local governments. For this purpose, it shall provide for a more
responsive and accountable local government structure instituted
through a system of decentralization. The allocation of powers and
resources to local government units shall be promoted, and inter-local
government grouping, consolidation and coordination of resources shall
be encouraged. The State shall guarantee the local government units
their just share in national taxes and their equitable share in proceeds
from the use of natural resources, and afford them a wider latitude for
resources generation. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 2
DEPARTMENT PROPER
  
    Sec. 5. Office of the Secretary. - The Office of the Secretary shall
consist of the Secretary and his immediate staff. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 3
DEPARTMENT SERVICES
  
    Sec. 7. Planning Service. - The Planning Service shall be responsible
for providing the Department with efficient and effective services
relating to planning, programming, research and statistics. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 4
BUREAUS AND OFFICES
  
    Sec. 12. Bureau of Local Government Supervision. - The Bureau of
Local Government Supervision, to be headed by a Bureau Director
appointed by the President upon the recommendation of the Secretary,
shall have the following functions:

Chapter 5
 REGIONAL AND FIELD OFFICES
  
    Sec. 18. Regional and Field Offices. - The Secretary is authorized to
establish, operate and maintain one Regional Office in each of the
administrative regions established by law. A Regional Office shall have,
within its administrative region, the following functions:

Chapter 6
LEAGUES OF PROVINCES, CITIES
AND MUNICIPALITIES
  
    Sec. 19. Leagues of Provinces, Cities and Municipalities. - There is
hereby created the Leagues of Provinces, Cities and Municipalities. chanrobles virtual law library

Title XIII
TOURISM
 
Chapter 1
GENERAL PROVISIONS
  
    Sec. 1. Declaration of Policy. - The State shall promote, encourage
and develop tourism as a major national activity in which private sector
investment, effort and initiative are fostered and supported, and
through which socio-economic development may be accelerated,
foreign exchange earned, international visitors offered the opportunity
to travel to the Philippines and appreciate its natural beauty, history
and culture, and Filipinos themselves enabled to see more of their
country and embued with greater pride in and commitment to the
nation.chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 2
DEPARTMENT PROPER
  
    Sec. 5. Office of the Secretary. - The Office of the Secretary shall
consist of the Secretary and his immediate staff. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 3
DEPARTMENT SERVICES
  
    Sec. 7. Department Service Character and Head. - The Department
Services shall be essentially staff in character, each of which shall be
headed by a Service Chief.   chanrobles virtual law library

  
    Sec. 8. Financial and Management Service. - The Financial and
Management Service shall provide the Department with staff advice and
assistance on budgetary, financial and management matters and shall
perform such other related functions as may be assigned or delegated
to it by the Secretary.
chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 4
BUREAUS AND OFFICES
  
    Sec. 11. Bureau and Office Character and Head. - The Bureaus and
Offices shall be essentially staff in character, each of which shall be
headed by a Staff Director. chanrobles virtual law library

  
Chapter 5
FOREIGN AND REGIONAL OFFICES
  
    Sec. 19. Foreign Field Offices. - Subject to the approval of the
President, the Department shall have foreign offices as may be
necessary in the marketing and promotion of the Philippines as an
international tourist destination, which shall oversee and implement
the marketing and promotional programs of the Department. chanrobles virtual law library

    
Chapter 6
ATTACHED AGENCIES
  
    Sec. 21. Attached Agencies. - The Philippine Tourism Authority, and
Philippine Convention Bureau, Intramuros Administration, and National
Parks Development Committee are hereby attached to the Department
and shall continue to operate and function in accordance with the
respective charters/laws/orders provided in this Code. chanrobles virtual law library

 
Title XIV
ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
 
Chapter 1
GENERAL PROVISIONS
  
    Sec. 1. Declaration of Policy. - (1) The State shall ensure, for the
benefit of the Filipino people, the full exploration and development as
well as the judicious disposition, utilization, management, renewal and
conservation of the country's forest, mineral, land, waters, fisheries,
wildlife, off-shore areas and other natural resources, consistent with
the necessity of maintaining a sound ecological balance and protecting
and enhancing the quality of the environment and the objective of
making the exploration, development and utilization of such natural
resources equitably accessible to the different segments of the present
as well as future generations. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 2
THE DEPARTMENT PROPER
  
    Sec. 6. Composition. - The Department Proper shall be composed of
the Office of the Secretary, the Offices of the Undersecretaries and
Assistant Secretaries, and the Public Affairs Office, Special Concerns
Office, and the Pollution Adjudication Board. chanrobles virtual law library

  
Chapter 3
THE STAFF SECTORAL BUREAUS
  
    Sec. 14. Forest Management Bureau. - The Forest Management
Bureau shall be headed by a Director and assisted by an Assistant
Director, and shall integrate and absorb the powers of the Bureau of
Forest Development and the Wood Industry Development Authority
which were abolished by Executive Order No. 131, except those line
functions and powers thereof which are transferred to the regional field
office.
chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 4
THE DEPARTMENT FIELD OFFICES
  
    Sec. 20. Field Offices of the Department. - The Field offices of the
Department are the Environmental and Natural Resources Regional
Offices in the thirteen (13) administrative regions of the country; the
Environment and Natural Resources Provincial Office in every province,
and the Community Office in every municipality, whenever deemed
necessary. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 5
ATTACHED AGENCIES AND CORPORATIONS
  
    Sec. 23. Attached Agencies and Corporations. - The following
agencies and corporations shall be attached to and under the
administrative supervision of the Department:

Title XV
TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS
 
Chapter 1
GENERAL PROVISIONS
  
    Sec. 1. Declaration of Policy. - The State is committed to the
maintenance and expansion of viable, efficient, fast, safe and
dependable transportation and communications systems as effective
instruments for national recovery and economic progress. It shall not
compete as a matter of policy with private enterprise and shall operate
transportation and communications facilities only in those areas where
private initiatives are inadequate or non-existent. chanrobles virtual law library

    
Chapter 2
DEPARTMENT PROPER
  
    Sec. 5. Office of the Secretary. - The Office of the Secretary shall
consist of the Secretary, his immediate staff, the Franchising Review
Staff and the Investigation, Security and Law Enforcement Staff. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 3
DEPARTMENT SERVICES
  
    Sec. 13. Department Services. - The Department Services shall
include the following:

Chapter 4
REGIONAL OFFICES
  
    Sec. 14. Regional Offices. - The Department shall have three (3)
Regional Offices in each of the administrative regions of the country:
the Regional Office for Land Transportation, the Regional Office for
Telecommunications and the Regional Office for Postal Services. Each
Regional Office shall be headed by a Regional Director to be assisted by
an Assistant Regional Director.
chanrobles virtual law library
 Chapter 5
REGULATORY BOARD
  
    Sec. 15. Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board. - The
quasi-judicial powers and functions with respect to land transportation
shall be exercised through the Land Transportation and Regulatory
Board, hereinafter referred to as the "Board". chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 6
ATTACHED AGENCIES
  
    Sec. 23. Attached Agencies and Corporations. - The following
agencies and corporations are attached to the Department: The
Philippine National Railways, the Maritime Industry Authority, the
Philippine National Lines, the Philippine Aerospace Development
Corporation, the Metro Manila Transit Corporation, the Office of
Transport Cooperatives, the Philippine Ports Authority, the Philippine
Merchant Marine Academy, the Toll Regulatory Board, the Light Rail
Transit Authority, the Transport Training Center, the Civil Aeronautics
Board, the National Telecommunications Commission and the Manila
International Airport Authority.
chanrobles virtual law library

Title XVI
SOCIAL WELFARE AND DEVELOPMENT
 
Chapter 1
GENERAL PROVISIONS
  
    Sec. 1. Declaration of Policy. - The State is committed to the care,
protection, and rehabilitation of individuals, families and communities
which have the least in life and need social welfare assistance and
social work intervention to restore their normal functioning and enable
them to participate in community affairs. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 2
DEPARTMENT PROPER
  
    Sec. 5. Office of the Secretary. - The Office of the Secretary shall
consist of the Secretary and the Secretary's immediate staff, and the
Public Affairs and Liaison Service. chanrobles virtual law library

  
 Chapter 3
DEPARTMENT SERVICES
  
    Sec. 8. Services of the Department. - The Services listed in Section 7
(1) and (3) hereof and the public Affairs and Liaison Service shall
respectively have the following functions:

Chapter 4
BUREAUS AND OFFICES
  
    Sec. 9. Composition. - The Staff bureaus listed in Section 7 (2) hereof
shall be essentially staff in character and as such shall exercise
technical supervision over the Regional Offices; shall be primarily
involved in the development of policies and programs within their
respective functional specializations; and shall formulate and develop
related policies, guidelines and standards necessary in guiding the
Regional Offices in the proper implementation of such policies and
programs. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 5
REGIONAL OFFICES
  
    Sec. 12. Regional Office. - The Department is hereby authorized to
establish, operate and maintain a Regional Office in each of the
administrative regions of the country. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 6
PROVINCIAL/CITY OFFICES
  
    Sec. 16. Provincial/City Office. - The Department is hereby
authorized to establish, operate and maintain Provincial/City Offices
throughout the country with jurisdiction over all municipalities/districts
within the province. The Provincial/City Offices shall have the following
functions:

Chapter 7
MUNICIPAL/DISTRICT OFFICES
  
    Sec. 18. Municipal/District Office. - The Department is hereby
authorized to establish, operate and maintain a Municipal/District
Office to service a municipality or city district which shall be headed by
the Supervising Social Welfare Officer and shall be primarily
responsible for the efficient and effective implementation of the
Department's field programs in the municipality or city, under the
supervision of the Provincial/City Office.  
chanrobles virtual law library

 
Chapter 8
ATTACHED AGENCIES
  
    Sec. 19. Agencies Under Administrative Supervision and Attached
Agencies. - The Population Commission Council for the Welfare of
Children, National Nutrition Council and the National Council for the
Welfare of Disabled Person and the agencies attached to the
Department shall continue to operate and function in accordance with
their respective charters or laws creating them, except as otherwise
provided in this Code.chanrobles virtual   law library

 
Chapter 9
FUND DRIVES
  
   Sec. 20. Solicitation. - Any person, corporation, organization, or
association desiring to solicit or receive contribution for charitable or
public welfare purposes shall first secure a permit from the Regional
Offices of the Department. Upon the filing of a written application for a
permit in the form prescribed by the Regional Offices of the
Department, the Regional Director or his duly authorized representative
may, in his discretion, issue a permanent or temporary permit or
disapprove the application. In the interest of the public, he may in his
discretion renew or revoke any permit issued under Act 4075. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 10
SOCIAL WELFARE AGENCIES AND SERVICES
  
    Sec. 23. Social Welfare Services by Others. - Social welfare services
by the Department shall be without prejudice to similar efforts by any
local government unit or private agency, institution or group. All
Department units shall actively promote and extend maximum
assistance, including the provision of counterpart or supplementary
funds and resources, upon approval by the Secretary, to such efforts. chanrobles virtual law library

Title XVII
BUDGET AND MANAGEMENT
 
Chapter 1
GENERAL PROVISIONS
  
    Sec. 1. Declaration of Policy. - The national budget shall be
formulated and implemented as an instrument of national development,
reflective of national objectives and plans; supportive of and consistent
with the socio-economic development plans and oriented towards the
achievement of explicit objectives and expected results, to ensure that
the utilization of funds and operations of government entities are
conducted effectively; formulated within the context of a regionalized
governmental structure and within the totality of revenues and other
receipts, expenditures and borrowings of all levels of government and
of government-owned or controlled corporations; and prepared within
the context of the national long-term plans and budget programs of the
Government. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 2
DEPARTMENT PROPER
  
    Sec. 4. Office of the Secretary. - The Office of the Secretary shall
consist of his immediate staff, the Budget Control Staff, Research Staff,
a Regional Coordination Staff for Luzon, and a Regional Coordination
Staff for Visayas and Mindanao. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 3
DEPARTMENT SERVICES
  
    Sec. 7. Management Services Office. - The Management Services
Office shall consist of the following bureaus:

Chapter 4
BUREAUS
  
    Sec. 10. The Budget Operations Office. - The Budget Operations
Office shall review and analyze the work and financial flows, the
budgetary proposals of national and local government agencies and
corporations, check each agency's compliance with the budgetary
policies and project priorities, determine the budgetary implications of
foreign assisted projects from the time of project design to the
negotiation for financial assistance, prepare recommendations for fund
releases, formulate and implement fiscal policies and plans for budget
preparation and control, and conduct studies on economic trends and
factors affecting government revenues, expenditures and borrowings.
It shall consist of the following Bureaus:
 Title XVIII
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
 
Chapter 1
GENERAL PROVISIONS
  
    Sec. 1. Declaration of Policy. - The State shall:

Chapter 2
DEPARTMENT PROPER
  
    Sec. 5. Office of the Secretary. - The Office of the Secretary shall
consist of the Secretary and his immediate staff. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 3
SERVICES
  
    Sec. 8. Services. - The Services of the Department shall consist of the
following:

  
Chapter 4
BOARD, COUNCILS AND INSTITUTES
  
    Sec. 9. Inter-Council Review Board. - There shall be an Inter-Council
Review Board, composed of the Secretaries or their designated
Undersecretaries who are members of the sectoral planning councils
under Sections 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15, and shall be chaired by the
Secretary of Science and Technology. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 5
REGIONAL OFFICES. chanrobles virtual law library

  
    Sec. 28. Regional Offices.- The Department is authorized to establish,
operate and maintain a Regional Office, whenever appropriate, in each
of the administrative regions of the country, to be headed by a Regional
Director who shall report and be subject to the supervision of, the
Undersecretary for Regional Operations. A Regional Office shall have,
within its administrative region, the following functions:
 Chapter 6
ATTACHED AGENCIES
  
    Sec. 30. Attached Agencies. - The following agencies shall be
attached to the Department: the Philippine National Science Society,
the National Academy of Science and Technology, the Philippine Science
High School, and the Metals Industry Research and Development
Center.

    The Center shall have the powers and functions assigned to it by law.

BOOK V
 
Title I
CONSTITUTIONAL COMMISSIONS
 
Subtitle A
CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION
 
Chapter 1
GENERAL PROVISIONS
  
    Sec. 1. Declaration of Policy. - The State shall insure and promote the
Constitutional mandate that appointments in the Civil Service shall be
made only according to merit and fitness; that the Civil Service
Commission, as the central personnel agency of the Government shall
establish a career service, adopt measures to promote morale,
efficiency, integrity, responsiveness, and courtesy in the civil service,
strengthen the merit and rewards system, integrate all human
resources development programs for all levels and ranks, and
institutionalize a management climate conducive to public
accountability; that public office is a public trust and public officers and
employees must at all times be accountable to the people; and that
personnel functions shall be decentralized, delegating the
corresponding authority to the departments, offices and agencies
where such functions can be effectively performed. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 2
COVERAGE OF THE CIVIL SERVICE
  
    Sec. 6. Scope of the Civil Service. - (1) The Civil Service embraces all
branches, subdivisions, instrumentalities, and agencies of the
Government, including government-owned or controlled corporations
with original charters. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 3
ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTIONS
OF THE CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION
  
    Sec. 10. Composition. - The Commission shall be composed of a
Chairman and two Commissioners who shall be natural born citizens of
the Philippines and, at the time of their appointment, at least thirty-five
years of age, with proven capacity for public administration, and must
not have been candidates for any elective position in the elections
immediately preceding their appointment. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 4
INTERDEPARTMENT RELATIONS
  
    Sec. 18. Civil Service Assistance to Department and Agencies. - Each
Secretary or head of office, agency, government-owned or controlled
corporation with original charter and local government shall be
responsible for personnel administration in his office which shall be in
accordance with the provision relating to civil service embodied in the
Constitution, this Title and the rules, principles, standards, guidelines
and regulations established by the Commission. The Civil Service
Commission shall, whenever it deems it in the interest of the public
service, organize in each department, office, agency, government-
owned or controlled corporation, and provincial and city government a
Civil Service Staff which shall be headed by an officer of the
Commission. The necessary staff personnel and office facilities and
equipment shall be provided by the department, government-owned or
controlled corporation or local government where the staff is
established but the Commission may augment these with its own. The
Staff shall serve as the principal liaison between the Civil Service and
Department concerned and shall perform the following specific
functions and those functions which may hereafter be assigned to it by
the Commission. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 5
PERSONNEL POLICIES AND STANDARDS
  
    Sec. 21. Recruitment and Selection of Employees. - (1) Opportunity
for government employment shall be open to all qualified citizens and
positive efforts shall be exerted to attract the best qualified to enter the
service. Employees shall be selected on the basis of fitness to perform
the duties and assume the responsibilities of the positions. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 6
RIGHT TO SELF-ORGANIZATION
  
    Sec. 38. Coverage. - (1) All government employees, including those
in government-owned or controlled corporations with original charters,
can form, join or assist employees' organizations of their own choosing
for the furtherance and protection of their interests. They can also
form, in conjunction with appropriate government authorities, labor-
management committees, work councils and other forms of workers'
participation schemes to achieve the same objectives. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 7
PROHIBITIONS
  
    Sec. 54. Limitation on Appointment. - (1) No elective official shall be
eligible for appointment or designation in any capacity to any public
office or position during his tenure.chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 8
LEAVE OF ABSENCE
  
    Sec. 60. Leave of Absence. - Officers and employees in the Civil
Service shall be entitled to leave of absence, with or without pay, as
may be provided by law and the rules and regulations of the Civil
Service Commission in the interest of the service.   chanrobles virtual law library

 
Chapter 9
MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
  
    Sec. 61. Examining Committee, Special Examiners and Special
Investigators. - Subject to approval by the proper head of a department
or agency, the Commission may select suitable persons in the
government service to act as members of examining committees,
special examiners or special investigators. Such persons shall be
designated examiners or investigators of the Commission and shall
perform such duties as the Commission may require, and in the
performance of such duties they shall be under its exclusive control.
Examining committees, special examiners or special investigators so
designated may be given allowances or per diems for their services, to
be paid out of the funds of, and at a rate to be determined by, the
Commission. chanrobles virtual law library

Subtitle B
THE COMMISSION ON AUDIT
 
Chapter 1
GENERAL PROVISIONS
  
    Sec. 1. Declaration of Policy.- All resources of the government shall
be managed, expended or utilized in accordance with law and
regulations and safeguarded against loss or wastage through illegal or
improper disposition to ensure efficiency, economy and effectiveness in
the operations of government. The responsibility to take care that such
policy is faithfully adhered to rests directly with the chief or head of the
government agency concerned. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 2
ORGANIZATION OF THE COMMISSION ON AUDIT
  
    Sec. 3. The Commission Proper. - The Commission Proper shall be
composed of the Chairman and two Commissioners. It shall sit as a
body to formulate policies, promulgate rules and regulations, and
prescribe standards governing the discharge of its powers and
functions.chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 3
OFFICES
  
    Sec. 7. Central Offices. - The Commission shall have the following
central offices:

Chapter 4
JURISDICTION, POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE COMMISSION
  
    Sec. 10. Statement of Objectives. - In keeping with the constitutional
mandate, the Commission adheres to the following objectives:

Chapter 5
DECISIONS OF THE COMMISSION
  
    Sec. 33. Appeal from Decision of Auditors. - Any person aggrieved by
the decision of an auditor of any government agency in the settlement
of an account or claim may, within six (6) months from receipts of a
copy thereof, appeal in writing to the Commission. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 6
GOVERNMENT AUDITING AND ACCOUNTING
  
    Sec. 38. Definition of Government Auditing. - Government auditing is
the analytical and systematic examination and verification of financial
transactions, operations, accounts and reports of any government
agency for the purpose of determining their accuracy, integrity and
authenticity, and satisfying the requirements of law, rules and
regulations.
chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 7
RECEIPT AND DISPOSITION OF FUNDS AND PROPERTY
  
    Sec. 42. Accounting for Money and Property Received by Public
Officials. - Except as may otherwise be specifically provided by law or
competent authority, all moneys and property officially received by a
public officer in any capacity or upon any occasion must be accounted
for as government funds and government property. Government
property shall be taken up in the books of the agency concerned at
acquisition cost or an appraised value. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 8
APPLICATION OF APPROPRIATED FUNDS
  
    Sec. 45. Disbursement of Government Funds. - (1) Revenue funds
shall not be paid out of any public treasury or depository except in
pursuance of an appropriation law or other specific statutory authority;

Chapter 9
ACCOUNTABILITY AND RESPONSIBILITY
FOR GOVERNMENT FUNDS AND PROPERTY
  
    Sec. 50. Accountable Officers; Board Requirements. - (1) Every
officer of any government agency whose duties permit or require the
possession or custody government funds shall be accountable therefor
and for safekeeping thereof in conformity with law; and

Chapter 10
MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
  
    Sec. 54. Duty to Respect the Commission's Independence. - It shall
be the duty of every person to respect, protect and preserve the
independence of the Commission. chanrobles virtual law library

Subtitle C
COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS
 
Chapter 1
GENERAL PROVISIONS
  
    Sec. 1. Declaration of Policy. - The State shall at all times ensure free,
orderly, honest, peaceful and credible elections under a free and open
party system which shall be allowed to evolve according to the free
choice of the people subject to the provisions of Article IX-C of the 1987
Constitution of the Philippines. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 2
THE COMMISSION PROPER
  
    Sec. 4. Composition and Qualifications. - There shall be a Commission
on Elections composed of a Chairman and six (6) Commissioners who
shall be natural born citizens of the Philippines and, at the time of their
appointment, at least thirty-five (35) years of age, holders of a college
degree, and must not have been candidates for any elective position in
the immediately preceding elections. However, a majority thereof,
including the Chairman, shall be members of the Philippine Bar who
have been engaged in the practice of law for at least ten (10) years. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 3
THE FIELD OFFICES
  
    Sec. 11. Field Office of the Commission. - The Commission shall have
the following field offices:

Title II
 OTHER BODIES
 
Subtitle A
COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS
  
    Sec. 1. Composition and Qualification. - The Commission on Human
Rights shall be composed of a Chairman and four (4) Members who
must be natural-born citizens of the Philippines and, at the time of their
appointment, at least thirty-five years of age, and must not have been
candidates for any elective position in the elections immediately
preceding their appointment. However, a majority thereof shall be
members of the Philippine Bar. chanrobles virtual law library

Subtitle B
OFFICE OF THE OMBUDSMAN
  
    Sec. 1. Composition. - (1) The Office of the Ombudsman shall be
headed by the Ombudsman, to be known as the Tanod-bayan, who shall
be assisted by one overall Deputy and at least by one Deputy each for
Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. A separate Deputy for the military
establishment may likewise be appointed. chanrobles virtual law library

Subtitle C
THE NATIONAL ECONOMIC AND DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY
 
Chapter 1
GENERAL PROVISIONS
  
    Sec. 1. Declaration of Policy. - The State shall ensure that all socio-
economic programs and activities of the government shall be
programmed within the context of well-formulated and consistent long,
medium, and short-term development plans and policies to promote
both the growth of the economy and the equitable distribution of the
benefits of such growth to the members of society. To this end, it is
recognized that the formulation of the required socio-economic
development policies and plans is a vital process that calls for the
participation of the various government agencies and private sector
institutions and individuals concerned, both on national, regional, and
local levels. This process of policy and plan formulation, however needs
to be coordinated closely by a central government agency to ensure
consistency of these plans and policies and optimal use of the nation's
scarce resources. chanrobles virtual law library
 Chapter 2
NEDA BOARD
  
    Sec. 5. Composition of the NEDA Board. - The NEDA Board shall be
composed of the following:

Chapter 3
NEDA SECRETARIAT
  
    Sec. 8. The NEDA Secretariat. - The Secretariat of NEDA shall have
the following functions:

Chapter 4
ATTACHED AGENCIES
  
    Sec. 16. Retained Agencies. - The following agencies, currently
attached to the Authority, shall continue to be so attached for purposes
of supervision;
    (1) Philippine Institute for Development Studies:
    (2) Philippine National Volunteer Service Coordinating
    Agency; and
    (3) Tariff Commission.
chanrobles virtual law library

    The Authority shall arrange for the transfer of the functions of the
following agencies to the Regional Development Councils concerned or
other agencies as may be appropriate:
    (1) Kalinga Special Development Region;
    (2) Laguna Lake Development Authority;
    (3) Leyte Sab-A Basin Development Authority. chanrobles virtual law library

    The National Council for integrated Area Development (NACIAD) and
the Central Visayas Regional Projects Office (CVRPO) are hereby
transferred to the Authority which shall, within one (1) year from the
date of effectivity of this Code, recommend their transfer to the
appropriate department in conjunction with the Department of Budget
and Management. The Authority shall further review the functions and
activities of all other Integrated Area Development programs and
projects and any other programs requiring multi-sectoral and/or multi-
disciplinary approaches in order to recommend the appropriate
disposition and supervision of the same. chanrobles virtual law library

    The Authority shall furthermore review the mandate, objectives and
functions of all development authorities in order to recommend such
dispositions or revisions of their charters, as may be deemed advisable.
 BOOK VI  
NATIONAL GOVERNMENT BUDGETING
 
Chapter 1
GENERAL PROVISIONS
  
    Sec. 1. Constitutional Policies on the Budget. - (1) All appropriations,
revenue or tariff bills, bills authorizing increase of the public debt, bills
of local application, and private bills shall originate exclusively in the
House of Representatives but the Senate may propose or concur with
amendments.

Chapter 2 - BUDGET POLICY AND APPROACH

  
    Sec. 3. Declaration of Policy. - It is hereby declared the policy of the
State to formulate and implement a National Budget that is an
instrument of national development, reflective of national objectives,
strategies and plans. The budget shall be supportive of and consistent
with the socio-economic development plan and shall be oriented
towards the achievement of explicit objectives and expected results, to
ensure that funds are utilized and operations are conducted effectively,
economically and efficiently. The national budget shall be formulated
within the context of a regionalized government structure and
borrowings of all levels of government and of government-owned or
controlled corporations. The budget shall likewise be prepared within
the context of the national long-term plan and of a long-term budget
program.

Chapter 3
BUDGET PREPARATION
  
    Sec. 11. Submission of the Budget. - The President shall, in
accordance with Section 22 (1), article VII of the Constitution, submit
within thirty (30) days from the opening of each regular session of the
Congress as the basis for the preparation of the General Appropriations
Act, a national government budget estimated receipts based on existing
and proposed revenue measures, and of estimated expenditures.

Chapter 4
BUDGET AUTHORIZATION
  
    Sec. 23. Content of the General Appropriations Act. - The General
Appropriations Act shall be presented in the form of budgetary
programs and projects for each agency of the government, with the
corresponding appropriations for each program and project, including
statutory provisions of specific agency or general applicability. The
General Appropriations Act shall not contain any itemization of personal
services, which shall be prepared by the Secretary after enactment of
the General Appropriations Act, for consideration and approval of the
President.

Chapter 5
BUDGET EXECUTION
  
    Sec. 32. Use of Appropriated Funds. - All moneys appropriated for
functions, activities, projects and programs shall be available solely for
the specific purposes for which these are appropriated.

Chapter 6
BUDGET ACCOUNTABILITY
  
    Sec. 51. Evaluation of Agency Performance. - The President, through
the Secretary shall evaluate on a continuing basis the quantitative and
qualitative measures of agency performance as reflected in the units of
work measurement and other indicators of agency performance,
including the standard and actual costs per unit of work.

Chapter 7
EXPENDITURE OF APPROPRIATED FUNDS
  
    Sec. 58. Contracting of Activities. - Agencies may enter into contracts
with individuals or organizations, both public and private, subject to
provisions of law and applicable guidelines approved by the President:
provided, that contracts shall be for specific services which cannot be
provided by the regular staff of the agency, shall be for a specific period
of time, and shall have a definite expected output: provided, further,
that implementing, monitoring and other regular and recurring agency
activities shall not be contracted for, except for personnel hired on an
individual and contractual basis and working as part of the
organization, or as otherwise may be approved by the President:
Provided, finally, that the cost of contracted services shall not exceed
the amount that would otherwise be incurred had the work been
performed by regular employees of government, except as may be
authorized under this section. chanrobles virtual law library
    Sec. 59. Authority to Receive Additional Compensation. - Officials and
employees who are duly appointed by competent authority to any
position in another government office or agency in a concurrent
capacity, may, in the discretion of the President, be allowed to receive
additional compensation in the form of allowance or honorarium at
such rates he shall fix and subject to such conditions as she may
prescribe. Such additional compensation shall be paid from the
appropriations of the office or agency benefitting from the concurrent
service.
chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 60. Restrictions on Salary Increases. - No portion of the

appropriations provided in the General Appropriations Act shall be used
for payment of any salary increase or adjustment unless specifically
authorized by law or appropriate budget circular nor shall any
appropriation for salaries authorized in the General Appropriations Act,
save as otherwise provided for under the Compensation and Position
Classification Act, be paid unless the positions have been classified by
the Budget Commission. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 61. Merit Increases. - The budgets of national government

agencies may provided for a lump-sum for merit increases, subject to
such terms and conditions as may be approved by the President. Such
lump-sum shall be used to fund salary increases approved by the head
of agency in recognition of meritorious performance: Provided, That the
Civil Service Commission and the Department of Budget shall jointly
issue the rules and regulations governing the granting of such merit
increases. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 62. Salary for Substitutionary Service. - When an official or

employee is issued a duly approved appointment in a temporary or
acting capacity to take the place and perform the duties of another who
is temporarily absent from his post with pay, savings in the
appropriations of the department, bureau or office may be used for the
payment of his salary or differential, subject to the approval of the
Secretary. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 63. Additional Compensation for Overtime Service. - Officials and
employees of the National Government, when required to work
overtime after regular working hours during ordinary days, during half-
day sessions, or on Saturdays, Sundays and holidays, by the heads of
departments concerned, to finish work that must be completed within a
specified time, may be paid overtime compensation from any
unexpected balance of the appropriation for salaries and wages
authorized in the General Appropriations Act and under such guidelines
as may be issued by the President. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 64. Compensation of Persons Receiving Pension. - A person

receiving life pension, annuity, or gratuity as a result of service in the
national government or any local government unit, or from any
government-owned or controlled corporation, who is reappointed to
any position, the appropriation for the salary of which is provided from
funds of the office, shall have the option to receive either the
compensation for the position, or the pension, gratuity or annuity, but
in no case shall he receive both. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 65. Prohibition of Voluntary Service. - Unless otherwise

specifically approved by the President, no person shall be employed or
appointed in the government under the guise of voluntary service, with
compensation below the authorized hiring rate for the position, but
with privilege of transportation and/or representation expenses in any
form, or of receiving per diems, allowances, honoraria, subsistence,
quarters in cash or in kind, payable from government funds: provided,
that the application of this provisions may be waived to authorize
voluntary service in the Armed Forces of the Philippines or in
connection with relief operations. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 66. Additional Compensation for School Faculty Members. -

Professors, instructors, teachers, or members of the faculty of
government schools, colleges and universities, when required to teach
more than their regular teaching loads may be paid additional
compensation not exceeding seventy-five percentum of their basic
salary.
chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 67. Laundry. - At the discretion of the department head

concerned, any official or employee of the national government serving
in any hospital, penal institution, or other similar institution, who is
required to wear a uniform during the performance of his duties, may
be granted laundry allowance in kind, or which may be commuted at
such rates as may be authorized by the Department of Budget. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 68. Hazard Pay. - Upon recommendation of the department head
concerned and approval of the Secretary, hazard pay may be allowed to
employees who are actually assigned to danger or strife-torn areas,
disease-infested places, or in distressed or isolated stations and camps,
which expose them to great danger of contagion or peril to life. Such
hazard pay shall be paid from savings of the department concerned at
such rates, terms and conditions as the Secretary may prescribe. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 69. Subsistence. - No official or employee of the national

government shall be given subsistence, the cost of which is payable
from any fund, except the following and only when an appropriation
therefor is specifically provided:
    (1) Marine officers, engineers and crew of government vessels,
launches, and motorboats, who shall take their meals on the mess
when aboard the said vessels, launches, or motorboats;
    (2) Lightkeepers and other employees in light stations duly
authorized by the head of the department to receive subsistence, who
shall be furnished raw canned, or preserved food supplies;
    (3) Officials and employees who are required to render service within
the premises of hospitals, penal institutions, leper institutions, military
installations, and other similar institutions, for a continuous period that
includes meal time, may be allowed full subsistence when required to
live in said premises to make their services available at any and all
times;
    (4) Laborers temporarily fielded to isolated or unsettled districts
shall be furnished the usual rations or the equivalent in cash, at the
expense of the government. chanrobles virtual law library

    In hospitals and leper institutions where there are no mess halls or
whenever these are inadequate, personnel entitled to subsistence
allowance in kind may commute such subsistence upon request of the
personnel concerned subject to the approval of the department head at
authorized rates chargeable against the appropriations for supplies and
materials authorized in the General Appropriations Act. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 70. Subsistence of Crew of Government Vessels. - The

subsistence allowance for the officers and crew of the coast guard and
revenue cutters and lighthouse tenders and other large vessels
operated by the Government shall be spent for conducting a mess
under the charge and administration of one or more members of the
complement in each vessel to be designated by the corresponding head
of department, and in accordance with regulations to be issued by him.
The person or persons so designated shall keep an account of the
advances of funds received and expenditures made therefrom for the
operation of the mess and shall render such report to the corresponding
Accounting Officer promptly at the end of each month. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 71. Furnished Quarters. - When the position of any official or
employee is provided with "furnished quarters", such official or
employee shall be entitled to the use of such government-owned
furniture and equipment as are necessary for his board and lodging and
those for his family including children below twenty-one years of age. chanrobles virtual law

library

    Sec. 72. Per Diems of Government Officials and Employees. - When a
government official or employee is authorized to travel on official
business outside of his permanent station, he shall be entitled to per
diems to cover his board and lodging in accordance with his schedule:
provided, that in addition to per diems, the official or employee may be
entitled to transportation expenses in going to and coming from his
destination and to a daily allowance while in the field: provided,
further, that officials and employees on travel status whose expenses
for board and lodging are paid directly or indirectly by government may
not be entitled to receive the per diems and allowances corresponding
to such payments. chanrobles virtual law library

    Department secretaries, heads of Constitutional bodies,

undersecretaries and all other positions of equivalent rank are
authorized the reimbursement of actual expenses supported by
receipts, within such limits as may be imposed under the provisions of
this section. chanrobles virtual law library

    Officials and employees authorized to travel abroad may be granted

clothing allowance: provided, that no official or employee shall be
granted such clothing allowance oftener than once every twenty-four
(24) months. chanrobles virtual law library

    The rates of per diems and other allowances as authorized in this
section shall be determined by the President. The rates may be changed
from time to time upon recommendation of a Travel Rates Committee
which is hereby created, consisting of the Secretary of Budget as
Chairman and the Secretary of Foreign Affairs, the Secretary of Tourism
and the Chairman, Commission on Audit, or their representatives, as
members. chanrobles virtual law library

    The Committee shall review travel rates and shall recommend to the
President for consideration and approval modification in rates and
policy when found to be warranted by actual domestic or foreign travel
costs, as the case may be. chanrobles virtual law library

    Government-owned or controlled corporations shall observe the rates

established under this section: provided, that profit making
corporations may adopt their own scales as may be provided by law.
The Travel Rates Committee shall issue the necessary rules and
regulations to enforce the provisions of this section. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 73. Additional Conditions for Payment of Travel Expenses. -

When travel is done by water and subsistence is not included in the
transportation cost, the amount actually and necessarily spent for
subsistence during such travel time shall be paid, and no per diems
shall be allowed in lieu thereof. chanrobles virtual law library

    Per diems and travel allowances shall not be granted to members of
field parties or others for whom subsistence and allowances in kind are
supplied or other special provision made to cover travel expenses. chanrobles virtual law library

    The travel expenses of a government official or employee who is

assigned to render a special service to any private person or entity, the
expenses for which are payable by the latter, shall be paid from a
deposit which the private party shall be required to make before the
performance of the special service is commenced, subject to the
limitations and requirements herein provided for travel expenses
payable from government funds. chanrobles virtual law library

    No official or employee of the Government who remains temporarily

at one station for a period longer than one (1) month shall be paid per
diems in excess of one (1) month, except upon the approval of the head
of department, and, in case his temporary stay in any one place
exceeds three (3) months, payment of per diems in excess of three (3)
months shall be made only upon the previous approval of the
Secretary. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 74. Transportation of Members of Family of an Employee

Transferred from One Station to Another. - Whenever, due to the
exigencies of the service and not at his own request, an official or
employee is transferred from one station to another, said official or
employee and his spouse and children below twenty-one years of age
shall be entitled to transportation and freight for reasonable and
necessary baggage and household effects, at the expense of the
Government, to be paid from the appropriation for traveling expenses
of the bureau or office concerned. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 75. Purchase, Use, Operation and Maintenance of Motor

Transport Equipment. - No appropriation for equipment authorized in
the General Appropriations Act shall be used directly or indirectly for
the purchase of automobiles, jeeps, jitneys, station wagons,
motorcycles, trucks, launches, speedboats, airplanes, helicopters and
other types of motor transport equipment unless otherwise specifically
authorized by the President. chanrobles virtual law library

    All departments, bureaus, offices and agencies authorized to

purchase motor transport equipment including those acquired through
donations, gifts or gratuitous title are likewise authorized to use,
operate and maintain them for purposes of carrying out the official
functions and activities of the agency. These motor vehicles shall be
used strictly for official business, bear government plates only, and
after office hours kept in garage provided therefor by the office or
agency to which they belong, except, when in use for official business
outside office hours. The President, however, may authorize exceptions
from these provisions for officials of government who work under
extended hours or whose activities call for special security
arrangements. Any violation of the provisions of this section shall
subject the erring official or employee to administrative disciplinary
action and he shall be personally liable for any loss or damage caused
to the government or third persons. chanrobles virtual law library

    The Commission on Audit shall issue rules and regulations governing
the use, operation and maintenance of government motor transport
equipment. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 76. Limitation of Rental of Motor Vehicles. - No appropriations

authorized in the General Appropriations Act shall be used for renting
motor transport equipment for a continuous period of more than fifteen
days, except as may be authorized by the Secretary. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 77. Limitation of Purchase of Supplies, Materials, and Equipment

Spare Parts. - Except as otherwise provided in the General
Appropriations Act, the stock on hand of supplies, materials and
equipment spare parts, acquired through ordinary and emergency
purchase, shall at no time exceed normal three-month requirements,
subject to the pertinent rules and regulations issued by competent
authority: Provided, That department heads may approve the build-up
of stocks on hand of critical supplies and materials, in anticipation of
cost increases or requirements of a national emergency, and specifying
maximum quantities of individual items, but in no case shall these
stocks exceed more than one year's supply, unless otherwise approved
by the President.chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 78. Purchase of Locally Manufactured Products. - All

appropriations for the purchase of equipment, supplies and materials
authorized in the General Appropriations Act shall be available only for
locally manufactured equipment; parts, accessories, medicines and
drugs, supplies and materials, except when none is available in the
market or when the price of the locally manufactured article exceed
those determined by the Flag Law. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 79. Availability of Appropriations for Rental of Building and

Grounds. - Any appropriation authorized in any Act for rental of
buildings and grounds for any department, bureau, office or agency
shall be available for expenditure only when authorized by the
department head concerned. Such appropriation may also be used for
lease-purchase arrangements. chanrobles virtual law library

    With the concurrence of the Secretary of Budget and Management

and the Secretary of Finance, the head of the department may contract
with any government financial institution for loans intended for the
acquisition of land for the construction of an office building for any of
the agencies under the department. Annual amortization of the loans
shall be taken from the appropriation for rental authorized under any
Act for the department, bureau or office concerned. chanrobles virtual law library

    Sec. 80. Misuse of Government Funds and Property. - Any public
official or employee who shall apply any government fund or property
under his administration or control to any use other than for which such
fund or property is appropriated by laws, shall suffer the penalty
imposed under the appropriate penal laws.

BOOK VII
 
ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE
 
Chapter 1
GENERAL PROVISIONS
  
    Sec. 1. Scope. - This Book shall be applicable to all agencies as
defined in the next succeeding section, except the Congress, the
Judiciary, the Constitutional Commissions, military establishments in all
matters relating exclusively to Armed Forces personnel, the Board of
Pardons and Parole, and state universities and colleges. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 2
 RULES AND REGULATIONS
  
    Sec. 3. Filing. - (1) Every agency shall file with the University of the
Philippines Law Center three (3) certified copies of every rule adopted
by it. Rules in force on the date of effectivity of this Code which are not
filed within three (3) months from that date shall not thereafter be the
basis of any sanction against any party or persons. chanrobles virtual law library

Chapter 3
ADJUDICATION
  
    Sec. 10. Compromise and Arbitration. - To expedite administrative
proceedings involving conflicting rights or claims and obviate expensive
litigations, every agency shall, in the public interest, encourage
amicable settlement, comprise and arbitration.

Chapter 4
ADMINISTRATIVE APPEAL INCONTESTED CASES
  
    Sec. 19. Appeal. - Unless otherwise provided by law or executive
order, an appeal form a final decision of the agency may be taken to the
Department head.

FINAL PROVISIONS
  
    Sec. 27. Repealing Clause. - All laws, decrees, orders, rules and
regulations, or portions thereof, inconsistent with this Code are hereby
repealed or modified accordingly.

    DONE in the City of Manila, this 25th day of July, in the year of Our Lord,
nineteen hundred and eighty-seven. chanrobles virtual law libra