JAWSmith Final
JAWSmith Final
INTRODUCTION
Formal education in the field of dentistry started in 1903 when the American
occupied the Philippines. Since then, many schools have offered the course in the field
of dentistry. With the advancement of knowledge on the field of dentistry, several ways
have been created to support the education in efficiency and effectiveness to provide a
smooth workflow for the clinicians to accomplish tasks and activities.
With the advancement of technology today, using its potential to move around daily
tasks and activities that people do, the possibilities of achievement can be countless
especially for the people who depends on technology to be productive. Which is why
mobile adoption can provide enhancement in dental process workflow for clinicians that
can improve their productivity [1]. According to the book on the use of mobile technology
for flexible delivery, student clinicians can use mobile learning as an option in education
and training [3]. Dental care will be able to utilize technologies to allow quick diagnosis
for people anywhere with basic problems. Diagnostics will be rendered more accessible
to people, who are not highly trained professionals. To be an integral part of dental
practice, the time to use developed technologies will be just around the corner, and
dentists will have more time for training and focus on critical procedures which will
require their expertise [4].
Technology in education can open new opportunities for the students to create a
more efficient alternative solutions to solving problems and completing tasks and
activities. Since most of the students today have smartphones that have a lot of
capability, utilizing these devices can make learning convenient and productive.
Jawsmith - A Web Application for the patients records of National University College of Dentistry 1
Project Context
The National University College of Dentistry has been using papers to collect and
store information of patients who are being dealt with their student clinicians. Using
papers has been the traditional way since it is the most common way to write data of
patients and store it in a cabinet. The use of paper is the easiest way to accomplish
tasks like these in which students have been using since they have started going to
school. This method maybe easy but faces several problems in which professors must
deal with in order to address such problems. The National University College of Dentistry
is no stranger in dealing with these kinds of problems, which they have been facing for
quite some time. Student clinicians have not been honest with the data that they gather,
using the same patient and passing them to fellow students in order to have the same
procedure done but changing the names. There is also the problem with poor
penmanship that causes delay throughout their day trying to identify what the students
have written unable to distinguish the letters. This kind of problem can also be
dangerous considering the fact that if a written procedure is written but read incorrectly
may result in doubling the procedure to the same patient. With these problems identified,
jawsmith was proposed to lessen the errors that writing on papers can result in.
The researchers are proposing to develop a web application called jawsmith that will
serve the requirements of the NU College of Dentistry to monitor the progress of the
student clinicians as well as their patients. The main purpose of jawsmith is to innovate
the NU College of Dentistry from using papers for their patient’s record into using
technology for an electronic health record system. The proposed web application will
also allow the college to improve record keeping of patient dental records and to allow
easier way of gathering information of the patient. The final output of the study aims to
keep a close eye on their student clinicians and patients as well as improve storage of
Jawsmith - A Web Application for the patients records of National University College of Dentistry 2
data and allow the users to have an easier access of the patient data and easier way of
gathering data.
The purpose of this study is to develop a record keeping system on the NU College
of Dentistry and to provide an easier way to gather patient dental records.
General Objective
The main objective of the study is to develop jawsmith – a web application for
patient’s record management for the students of National University College of Dentistry.
Specific Objectives
The following are the specific objectives that the proponents would like to aim:
a. Reliability
b. Functional Sustainability
c. Portability
d. Usability
Jawsmith - A Web Application for the patients records of National University College of Dentistry 3
The proposed system will provide an electronic health recording system where
the students of NU College of Dentistry may use to input data of patients to be monitored
by the administrator. In this study, improving record keeping of data on patients’ dental
records is also a factor.
The proposed system will be made available on mobile, laptop and desktop. The
proposed system can be used with the web browser of desktop, laptop and a mobile
device.
Jawsmith - A Web Application for the patients records of National University College of Dentistry 4
Chapter II
This section discusses the studies and literature that are related to the proposed
study to determine the similarities and contrasts of the past investigations and to pick up
bits of knowledge into the issue that are basic and dubious.
Dentistry
Smartphone
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Mobile Technology
As the use of mobile technology increases around the world, there is a growing
interest in its use in education and training. This is especially true in developing
countries, where citizens are acquiring mobile technology rather than computers,
bypassing the desktop and notebook computer stages. Educators and trainers will
therefore have to develop learning materials for delivery on a variety of technologies,
including mobile devices; and teachers will have to be trained on how to design and
deliver mobile learning. For these reasons, it is important that standards for mobile
learning be set so that high-quality mobile learning materials are developed and learning
materials can be shared among educational organizations. It also provides information
that researchers can use to conduct research on the use of mobile learning in education
and training.[3] Desktop systems has been replaced by smartphones and tablets
because the most well-liked computing devices for HCPs agency want quick access to
data at the purpose of care [8].
Mobile applications
The adoption of smartphones has increased in a large amount and a number and
people have been using the capability of smartphones to use mobile applications to
manage activities that people are approaching for their daily lives. The use of mobile
apps has made its way to various kinds of tasks and activities. An estimated one third of
mobile smartphone users has been using it for health information. The most frequently
used apps for health are defined as topics of exercise, diet and brain teasers [6]. Mobile
OS, a software platform which can be utilized as a mobile operating system, a platform
which are called application programs, these can be ran on mobile devices in which are
for example, PDA or personal digital assistants, can be also used in tablets, mobile
smart phones, cellular and other devices in today’s era. Mobile OS designs has made a
lot of developing in which has created an experience of a three-phrase revolution from
the start of computers as a PC based operating system into an operating system
embedded to be used on a modern smartphone-oriented operating system in the past
decade. It has closed supply and proprietary and engineered on open source Darwin
core OS. A proprietary smartphone operating system for windows phone developed by
Microsoft. It is the successor to Windows Mobile, though it is incompatible with the
sooner platform [7].
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Dentistry and Mobile Technology
Mobile applications may allow the dental clinic to be more modern and futuristic
with enhancing administrative processes, minimize labor, and lower the cost because
most of the work will be done by the mobile application. Mobile applications may
increase the change of the patient’s engagement with the service for practice in the
dental clinic providing them with materials for education and communication in real
time. Most of the dental offices have started and will start with a website. Regardless,
the adaptive versions of a website have been still inadequate for the requirements of the
demanding orders of a patient for a company. The reason behind the increasing demand
for mobile applications is because of the people are already used to having their choice
of service at their hands in their fingertips with the use of a smartphone. Because of this
reason, dental departments have decided to adopt with the demand of their patients and
have created and launched their own mobile application. Apps used for health has been
implemented in many ways and the prevalence of usage was high acceptable by
patients. Further development of a Mobile App can lead to widening the range of use of
this app and can also be used to a wide variety of specialties. Although Mobile app has
yet to be implemented in the daily activities of the faculty of dentistry, the responses
were most of the respondents were willing to utilize this mobile app in the dental clinic
[16].
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around. “Just in time” access to information that can be reliable can be allowed with the
use of device as a resource which will be able to enhance patient care was also a further
theme [5].
Electronic Charting
The benefits of Electronic Health Records (EHR) over paper records are
undeniable. With EHR, doctors can instantly access patient data anytime and anywhere
they need to. They can look at lab results and digital x-rays right away and communicate
results to patients promptly. Doctors can also prescribe medications electronically. EHR
also makes collaboration with other healthcare professionals easier and more
streamlined. Patients can access their information online via a secure patient portal and
even communicate with office staff electronically. This eliminates the need to call in to
the office every time they have a question. Additionally, patients can request refills, print
lists of current medications and keep track of their upcoming appointments. New
patients and returning patients alike can complete medical forms and updates with ease
online from a laptop or mobile device. The convenience of electronic medical records is
truly remarkable [11]. With the use of electronic dental records, the respondents that
were in the conducted study, 73% or 347 out of the 475 respondents has shown that for
their specific procedure, EDRs were moderate to very important. On the other hand, the
comfort level of EDRs ranked very to somewhat uncomfortable while the respondents
were 54% or 348 out of the 472 respondents. Lastly 23% or 209 out of the 472
respondents have indicated that EDRs were somewhat or very uncomfortable [15].
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uploaded, an organization may upload data which may be compromising if protection is
insufficient which may cause damage to his own privacy [25].
Synthesis
The benefits of Electronic Health Records (EHR) over paper records are
undeniable. Accessing patient data has never been so easy with the help of technology,
compared to having patient records on papers.[11] Some health organizations,
considering the availability of technology has yet to adopt electronic health record. For
technology has given organizations challenges which includes financial challenges and
maintenance. Electronic health records have been an easy way to store and access data
especially in organizations that handle quite a number of patients every day. With the
evolution of technology, electronic health records have a wide range of security options
with the safety of the data which can be set to a limited access to ensure the security of
the data. Data fields which have been studied and chosen specifically to collect sensible
information from patients have been instituted in papers. Researchers have found that
electronic health records can be beneficial for the organization that uses papers to move
around patient information which comes with a lot of flaws especially with the sensitivity
of the data. With the use of technology especially with Smartphones and how the
technology has become a very powerful and useful tool, dental organization may be able
to make use of this kind of platform to have a variety of options when it comes to
availability and security of the patient’s data. The study of Nir Menachemi and Taleah H
Collum about the benefits and disadvantages of electronic health records, the cost of the
adoption of electronic health records include financial struggles and change in workflow
process may delay the operation of the organization. With these challenges, the team is
continuing firmly with the implementation of JAWSmith, an electronic health recording
system for the Dentistry of National University.
Jawsmith - A Web Application for the patients records of National University College of Dentistry 9
2.2 Related Studies
On the other hand, a study made by Joseph S. Alpert about the benefits of
having EMR or electronic medical record. The researchers have studies that electronic
medical records help the reduce the number of mistakes that are commonly in keeping
medical records. Utilizing EMR can produce electronic prescription entry, also it can help
clinicians with balancing patient medications. This study has also found that with the use
of EMR, visits to clinics should be faster and more structured although it takes more time
to compose the clinical electronic record than with handwritten notes, also by using EMR
clinicians can immediately pull up patient medical records and enter updates on the
patient without using papers [18].
This study has meant to describe the advantages of electronic health records,
researchers has studies that computerized notes are better than handwriting of doctors,
which leads to easier to read for others who are looking at the data which are entered by
the doctors in charge of the patient. Electronic health records are also said to be space
saving, eliminating the need to have large cabinets for the documents that are gathered
through the course of time which patients are coming and going in the clinic or hospital.
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Adopting electronic health record systems can has been studies to be financially
beneficial. The researchers have found out that clinics who have electronic health
records can fulfill the requirements to take advantage of Medicaid and Medicare,
receiving incentives from the federal government [19].
Meanwhile, Stephen O'Connor study has said that there are a lot of advantages
to be gained from adopting electronic health recording systems of which include that the
government can be of help financially if the use of electronic health recording systems is
obtained. There are also opportunities for the patients to enter their own details with the
use of a patient’s portal, giving chance to the patients to have computerized records than
using papers to be stacked and sometimes clinicians skip documents that have been
stacked that have to be typed in later by clinic staff [20]. Electronic health records can
also be attractive for patients because interactions can be done with this system allowing
patients to visit the office less often [22].
Several studies have been created in order to see and take advantage of
adopting electronic health records. The opportunities to be gained from having electronic
health records may allow organizations to level up their current system that creates a lot
of problem for them. Choosing to adopt electronic health records will eliminate the use of
papers which will help in focusing on the health of the patient and not on finding space to
save paper health records. Patients will more likely go to an organization in that is
implementing the use of electronic health records because of the efficiency that
technology creates for the users.
Dentist Software
Jawsmith - A Web Application for the patients records of National University College of Dentistry 11
to document the treatment and its evolution: in the oral cavity, teeth, jaws, teeth
appearance, teeth help, gingiva, chewing feature allows to add X-ray picture of teeth, to
record issues and adjustments of dental arches, to reconfigure teeth and othersWith it,
patient data can be recorded, and updated over time.
Dentist Manager
Cusp is a program for the dental office which is simple to learn, full practice
manager. This can be installed (using Blue Stacks) on computers, phones and PC /
laptops. Cusp has been substantially updated with cool features and improvements
since the application was first released in February 2014.
My Dental Clinic
My dental clinic allows dentists handle their practice and their patients. Dentists
can keep a record of their patient's information. These include personal data, dental
charts, dental notes, appointments, etc. Often, they can add dental photographs and
hold patient payment records. Only dentist can call or send SMS directly from the
patient's contact number. You can save the appointments directly to your Android
calendar. My Dental Clinic is for single-users.
Jawsmith - A Web Application for the patients records of National University College of Dentistry 12
iDentist
iDentist dentistry app is a Text messaging, Reminder and Record keeping softwa
re for managing dental practice. The iDentist app is designed for dentists to use in their d
aily work. iDentist is a tool for the online dental health records. It provides contact with
patients, managing testing, X-ray, electronic attachments. Patient charting, scheduling,
schedule tracking, care preparation, reminders, appointments, and monitoring are
provided by iDentist.
Dental App
Dental Chart
Appointment
Assessment
Prescription
Periodontal
Periodontal
Treatment
Treatment
Treatment
Records
History
history
Patient
Details
Dental
Chart
Plan
Oral
1.Dentist ✔ ✔ ✔
Software
2.Dentist ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
Manager
3.Cusp Dental ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
Clinic Software
5.iDentist ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
6.JAWSmith ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
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Synthesis
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Chapter III
TECHNICAL BACKGROUND
This chapter focuses on the technicalities used during the initial procedures
of proposing the system until the development of the proposed system.
Software
Software Uses
Jawsmith - A Web Application for the patients records of National University College of Dentistry 15
Hardware
Peopleware
This refers to the people involved with the development of the software of
JAWSmith are the following:
Project Manager This person always abides from the requirements that are
given prior to the given deadline and at the same time ensure that everything is in its
proper place. This person is responsible in planning and execution of a project.
System Analyst requires a skill and critical thinking on solving and finding the
solutions to the problems.
Mobile Designer requires expert level in Photoshop and other associated design
tools. Designer should have knowledge on designing the environment of the mobile
application. Designer should have ability to coordinate, prioritize, and accomplish
multiple tasks in a fast-paced atmosphere with minimal supervision.
Jawsmith - A Web Application for the patients records of National University College of Dentistry 16
Web Developer responsible for making the web application of the proposed
system. Develop must be able to adopt through the changing needs of the programming
language that is going to be used.
Web Designer requires a high level of knowledge in html and css to be able to
create a corresponding design for the users to be able to understand and appreciate the
design of the web application. Designer should have ability to coordinate, prioritize, and
accomplish multiple tasks in a fast-paced atmosphere with minimal supervision.
The people who will use the system are the following:
Users are the student clinicians of the NU College of Dentistry. The users can
use the mobile application to gather the information and dental health record of the
patient.
Jawsmith - A Web Application for the patients records of National University College of Dentistry 17
3.2 Project Technical Description
Student Clinician
On this module, the user will login and will be able to see their information.The
user will also be able to view their progress on the number of procedures and patients
they have already done. The user will be able to view their patient list and calendar for
the appointment that is scheduled to them.
Also, the user will able to add a new patient to be able to do a procedure on, this
module also creates a chart for the patients procedure.
Jawsmith - A Web Application for the patients records of National University College of Dentistry 18
Patients List
On this module, the user will be able to view all the patients that have been done
by the student clinician to see the information of the previous patient and the procedures
that have been done. Once the user has done procedures and check the patient dental
charts the user will also be able to monitor the patients progress to see if they have
improved or not. The user will be able to add a procedural transaction.
On this module, the user will be able to view the patients that have undergone
procedure under the facility of the NU College of Dentistry done by student clinicians.
This allows the users to see the list of patients who have been accommodated as well as
which student clinician have done the procedure.
Appointments
Appointments will be able to set schedules for the student clinicians’ patients.
The student clinician will set the schedule whereupon the patient is best suitable to be
accommodated with the procedure. This ensures that the student clinician will have a
clear and organized schedule to function properly in handling the patients.
Progress Report
On this module, the student clinician will be able to view the procedures he or
she has done, this also provides the students with their target of how many procedures
are left to be done in order to reach their goal.
Student List
This module allows the user to view a list of the student clinicians who are
enrolled under the subject in which their information is displayed. In this, the user will
alsobe able to see if there are student clinicians who are not active and not doing their
tasks. Also, the user will be able to view the procedures that have done by the student
clinician and the patients that have been done by the student clinician. The user will also
be able to view the transactions that have been made by the patient to the student
clinician.
Jawsmith - A Web Application for the patients records of National University College of Dentistry 19
Jawsmith - A Web Application for the patients records of National University College of Dentistry 20
Chapter IV
METHODOLOGY
This chapter provides an approach that is suitable to the study in analyzing and
interpreting data gathered based on the study. It presents how researched and
procedure used to acquire the desire data and the process flow of developing a system.
Method of Research
Data Gathering
Other data was also gathered by the researchers from books, research using
internet, published articles and thesis or studies related to the proposed study.
Interview
Interview is an essential part for data gathering, having this interview the
proponents can collect and analyze the necessary data that are needed in order to
develop the system.
The initial data gathering was done through the interview of Mr. Pasol the
program chair of the National University College of Dentistry.
Descriptive Method
The researchers used qualitative research method in their research design. The
different research tools like interviews and questionnaires that the researchers used
helps them to understand furthermore on how to create a strategy to enable the
application to be more user friendly. The researchers will use all the gathered data as
supporting details in the mobile application.
The software development life cycle model that is used on developing the system
is Joint application development (JAD). JAD approach is to allow project executives and
Jawsmith - A Web Application for the patients records of National University College of Dentistry 21
the representatives of the customer to identify and appoint a trained facilitator whose
role is to support project delivery. While the facilitator helps in driving the projects, key
decisions must be taken by the executive sponsors. Other key stakeholders include the
subject matter expert who are responsible for turning customer's requirements into
technology-powered solution, and the documentation expert whose role is to clarify the
points of discussions and to document them effectively during the JAD sessions. The
facilitator serves as the central link between different stakeholders for the purpose of
initializing and driving the JAD workshops and sessions.
Jawsmith - A Web Application for the patients records of National University College of Dentistry 22
Table 5 Software Development Phases, Activities, and List of Deliverables
System Function -Creating front end of the system -Improvement user Interface
Jawsmith - A Web Application for the patients records of National University College of Dentistry 23
Figure 3. Use Case Diagram of the Proposed System
Figure 2 presents the Use Case of the proposed system. In the figure shown
above, the users of the mobile application are the one who handles the patients that are
added. The other user has access on the reports and view the users of the application.
Jawsmith - A Web Application for the patients records of National University College of Dentistry 24
Table 6 Use Case Narratives
Use Case Name Patient (Mobile Application)
Success End Condition User will be able to view and edit patients’ information.
Objective To be able to view the reports that has been sent from
the mobile application.
Success End Condition User will be able to view the progress of their students.
Jawsmith - A Web Application for the patients records of National University College of Dentistry 25
3. User will be able to view the data reports from on
the web application that are sent from the mobile
application
Success End Condition User will be able to view the progress of the user and
patient.
Main Scenario 1. After the user has entered patients and made
procedures.
2. The system will allow the user to view progress
of their self.
3. The system will also be able to view the
progress of their patients.
Main Scenario 1. After the user accepts a patient the user will be
able to set appointments.
Jawsmith - A Web Application for the patients records of National University College of Dentistry 26
2. The system will have a form that enables to set
an appointment.
Jawsmith - A Web Application for the patients records of National University College of Dentistry 27
Figure 4 shows System Framework of the proposed system. The diagram shows
that every user who uses the mobile application. In the diagram, it indicates what the
users can access on the application, when the users add a new patient, data input from
the user is sent over to the file server, and with this the user can have access on the
information of the patients on the file server.
Figure 5. Procedures that can taken by the users of the mobile application
Figure 5, this diagram shows the procedures that can take by the user for the
mobile application. The user can add new patients and gather their information. The user
is also able to view their patients progress and appointments. The user is also allowed to
schedule appointments and view existing appointments. The web demonstrates how the
admin of the web application manages the majority functions of the web application. The
Jawsmith - A Web Application for the patients records of National University College of Dentistry 28
admin can view the Vuforia module that shows the objects scanned by the user and the
user management shows the player’s data in the mobile application.
Name Description
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personal information with their progress and
allows the user to change their username and
password.
Name Description
● Username
● Password
Jawsmith - A Web Application for the patients records of National University College of Dentistry 30
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Jawsmith - A Web Application for the patients records of National University College of Dentistry 31
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https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260483303_Face_Recognition_Method
s_Applications
Jawsmith - A Web Application for the patients records of National University College of Dentistry 33
Jawsmith - A Web Application for the patients records of National University College of Dentistry 34