1

DISASTER PREPAREDNESS OF THE RESIDENTS IN SELECTED AREAS

OF BARANGAY POBLACION, MALVAR, BATANGAS

A thesis presented
to the faculty of Senior High School in Malvar
Malvar, Batangas

In partial fulfilment
of the requirements in the subjects
Research Project and Culminating Activity

Aguirre, Maureen L.
Carandang, Dhanna G.
Castillo, Diane D.
De Jesus, John Steven
Escarza, Jonalyn
Fetizanan, Dimple O.
Landicho, Aaron Paul M.
Malabanan, Abegail Joy

March 2018
 3

APPROVAL SHEET

This research paper entitled “ASSESSMENT ON THE DISASTER PREPAREDNESS OF

RESIDENTS IN SELECTED AREAS OF BARANGAY POBLACION, MALVAR,
BATANGAS” prepared and submitted by Aguirre, Maureen L., Carandang, Dhanna G., Castillo,
Diane D., De Jesus, John Steven, Escarza, Jonalyn, Fetizanan, Dimple O., Landicho, Aaron Paul M.,
Malabanan, Abegail Joy in partial fulfilment of the requirements in the subject Research Project and
Culminating Activity, has been examined and is recommended for Oral Examination.

PRINCESS DIANNE CUASAY, MIHM

Research Project Adviser

Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with the grade of ________.

PANEL OF EXAMINERS

MARVIN M. SALUDO, MEM

Chairman

JERROLD D. RAMOS, MAED MABEL M. DELAS ALAS

Member Member

Date of Oral Examination: February 27, 2018

Accepted and approved in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the subjects Research
Project and Culminating Activity.

JHOMAR C. SOR, Ed. D.

Principal II
 4

THESIS ABSTRACT
Title : DISASTER PREPAREDNESS OF THE RESIDENTS
IN SELECTED AREAS OF BRGY. POBLACION,
MALVAR,
BATANGAS
Researchers : Aguirre, Maureen L.
Carandang, Dhanna G.
Castillo, Diane D.
De Jesus, John Steven
Escarza, Jonalyn
Fetizanan, Dimple O.
Landicho, Aaron Paul M.
Malabanan, Abegail Joy
Track/Strand : Academic/Humanities and Social Sciences

Year : 12

Adviser : Ms. Princess Dianne P. Cuasay

Institution : Senior High School in Malvar

This study was made to assess the disaster preparedness of residents in selected

areas of Barangay Poblacion, Malvar, Batangas. This study mainly aimed to seek answers

to the following: (1) demographic profile of the respondents in terms of age, sex, civil

status, educational attainment, monthly family income, and employment status; (2)

assessment of respondents on their disaster preparedness in terms of individual

awareness, household orientation, and community planning; (3) significant difference on

 5

the respondents’ assessment on their disaster preparedness when grouped according to

their demographic profile; and, (4) course of actions that can be taken to further enhance

and improve the level of disaster preparedness of the local Filipino citizens.

The respondents of the study were the residents of selected areas in Barangay

Poblacion, Malvar, Batangas, mainly those residing at San Joaquin Road and Railway

Areas with a total number of 150. The main instrument used in the study was a self-

constructed questionnaire, which designed to know the assessment on the disaster

preparedness of the residents.

In the total of 150 respondents, 59.33 percent were female with a frequency of 89.

42.67 percent or 64 of the respondents were 36 to 50 years old. Majority of the

respondents were married, consisting of 60 percent with a frequency of 90. In terms of

educational attainment, 83 or 55.33 percent of the respondents attained high school level.

Meanwhile, there were 92 respondents whose family monthly income ranges from Php

10,000. Lastly, 71 of the respondents detailed that they were self-employed. Based on the

results, it showed that there is no significant difference between the profile of the

respondents and their assessment on their disaster preparedness when grouped according

to profile. The respondents assessed themselves as prepared when it comes to disaster

preparedness.

Base from the following results showed, the following recommendations are

hereby given; (1) to every individual, they may look for reliable sources that can provide

them the ideas and interventions on how to have appropriate and effective evacuation

plans, financial plans and other related advance preparations that may boost their disaster

preparedness, (2) households may undergo first aid training where they will learn ways
 6

on how to perform first aid and get tips from the experts and well-trained practitioners on

how to do medications on vulnerable times, and (3) barangay officials and other

concerned stakeholders may organize a monthly or semi-annual meeting to address the

community’s needs and concerns on disaster preparedness. They may also materialize the

things that an ordinary household may be badly needed in times of calamities that they

may provide for free.

 7

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researchers would like to express our deepest and sincerest gratitude to the

following persons who helped us in every step of the path, in one way or another, towards

the success of this undertaking.

First and foremost, to Dr. Jhomar C. Sor, Principal II of Senior High School in

Malvar, for his utmost effort and dedicated hard work to ensure the quality education

among the young generation of learners;

To Ms. Princess Dianne Cuasay, thesis adviser and research instructor, for her

extent effort and invaluable comments, opinions and suggestions towards our study that

nurtured and further enriched our knowledge with the technicalities and must-haves in

doing a research study;

To Mr. Marvin M. Saludo, Master Teacher II, for his selfless help in the conduct

of this study, especially in doing chapters one to three during the times when the thesis

adviser was attending a seminar;

To Mr. John Marvin D. Adalla, for his generous assistance in doing the statistics

needed to unlock and decode the hidden answers brought by the societal problem stated

herewith;

To the 150 respondents from the selected areas of Barangay Poblacion, Malvar,

Batangas, for their open-minded cooperation and honest response in the questions we’ve

given them that served as the key data in this study;

To the family of Mr. and Mrs. Marlon and Emily Fetizanan, for their

incomparable support towards the group through widely opening their doors as a

convenient place as we work with every single chapter of this research study;
 8

Also, our unending thanks to our parents, siblings, friends, and classmates for

showing their unparalleled moral, spiritual, and financial support, as well as their

immeasurable understanding for the researchers that gave us stronger determination to

make this study possible;

And of course, to our Heavenly Father, the Creator of all things, for showering the

researchers wisdom, strength, ability, confidence and determination all throughout in the

conduct of this study to make this one a triumphant one;

To God be all the glory!

Researchers
 9

DEDICATION
We whole-heartedly dedicate this study to our parents,

siblings, and friends

who untiringly gives us support

and motivation throughout the times

while we are conducting this research paper.

To our beloved teachers, whom we view

as our second parents and close friends.

To Ms. Princess Dianne Cuasay, for her priceless

inputs to us that made this study a feasible and successful one.

And most of all,

to our Heavenly Father,

who keeps on blessing every one of us

wisdom, strength, and unconditional love.

We can do all things through Him who strengthens us (Phil. 4:13).

A.P.M.L.

S.D.J

M.L.A.

D.G.C.

D.D.C.

J.E.

D.O.F.

A.J.M.
 10

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

TITLE…………………………………………………………………………….. i

APPROVAL SHEET……………………………………………………………. ii

THESIS ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………..... iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT………………………………………………………. vi

DEDICATION…………………………………………………………………… viii

LIST OF TABLES………………………………………………………………. xi

LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………………... xiii

Chapter

I THE PROBLEM

Introduction……………………………………………………….. 1

Statement of the Problem…………………………………………. 3

Hypothesis………………………………………………………… 3

Theoretical Framework…………………………………………… 4

Conceptual Framework………………………………………….... 5

Scope and Limitation……………………………………………... 6

Significance of the Study…………………………………………. 6

Definition of Terms……………………………………………….. 7

II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Conceptual Literature……………………………………………… 9

Synthesis………………………………………………………….... 15

Research Literature………………………………………………… 16
 11

Synthesis…………………………………………………………… 20

III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design…………………………………………………….. 22

Respondents of the Study…………………………………………… 23

Research Instrument………………………………………………… 23

Data Gathering Procedures………………………….……………….. 24

Statistical Treatment……………………………….………………… 25

IV PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION AND

ANALYSIS OF DATA……………………………………………… 27

V SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS

AND RECOMMENDATIONS…………………………………….. 42

BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………………………………... 46

APENDICES

A. QUESTIONNAIRE………………………………………………….. 49

B. COMPUTATION……………………………………………………. 52

C. CURRICULUM VITAE…………………………………………….. 57
 12

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE PAGE

4.1.1 Profile of Respondents According to their Age……………………. 27

4.1.2 Profile of Respondents According to their Sex…………………….. 28

4.1.3 Profile of Respondents According to their Civil Status……………. 29

4.1.4 Profile of Respondents According to their

Educational Attainment…………………………………………….. 30

4.1.5 Profile of Respondents According to their

Monthly Family Income……………………………………………. 31

4.1.6 Profile of Respondents According to their

Employment Status…………………………………………………. 31

4.2.1 Assessment on Disaster Preparedness in terms of

Individual Awareness………………………………………………. 32

4.2.2 Assessment on Disaster Preparedness in terms of

Household Orientation……………………………………………... 34

4.2.3 Assessment on Disaster Preparedness in terms of

Community Planning……………………….……………………… 35

4.2.4 Summary Table of Composite Mean……………………………….. 37

4.3.1 Summary of Computation in Testing the Difference

On the Assessment of the Disaster Preparedness

Of the Residents when grouped according

To Profile……………………………………………………………. 38

4.4.1 Proposed Enrichment Activities to Strengthen

 13

Disaster Preparedness of the Residents

In Selected Areas of Barangay Poblacion, Malvar………………….. 40

 14

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE PAGE

1 Theory on Behavioral Psychology.................................................... 4

2 Research Paradigm............................................................................ 5
 15

Chapter I
THE PROBLEM

This chapter includes the introduction, statement of the problem, theoretical

framework, conceptual framework, and research hypothesis. It also discusses the scope

and limitations of the study, as well as the significance of the study and definition of

terms.

Introduction

Every individual aims to have a peaceful and secured life. People everywhere,

regardless of gender, race and socioeconomic status desires to live their lives with

established safety and security aspects. This entails the stability of each citizen to

maintain a harmonious and worth-living life. It is one of the most vital things that an

individual wants to bear for a lifetime.

As published in the Official Gazette, the Philippines is located in the south-

eastern part of Asia and is well-known to be a part of the Pacific Ring of Fire where

tremendous storms, cyclones, tsunamis and earthquakes were expected to be felt and

experienced every year. The government sees the natural calamities and disasters as a

hindrance to life satisfaction of its citizens. Thus, the government released the

Presidential Decree No. 1566 of 1978 which called for the strengthening of Philippine

disaster control and capability and establishing the national program on community

disaster preparedness.

Furthermore, as expressly provided for under Section 12(a) of Republic Act No.

10121, also known as the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management

(PDRRM) Act of 2010, approved May 27, 2010 stated that, “There shall be established a

Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office (LDRRMO) in every province,
 16

city and municipality and a Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction and Management

Committee (BDRRMC) in every barangay which shall be responsible in setting the

direction, development, implementation and coordination of disaster risk management

programs within their territorial jurisdiction.”

The composition of the Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council

(LDRRMC) reflects the comprehensiveness as well as the complexities of disaster risk

reduction and management. This also demonstrates the extent effort of the government to

fulfill its collective responsibility to its citizens.

The role of the barangay in disaster risk reduction management also plays a vital

part in achieving the life satisfaction of every individual. In Section 384 of the Republic

Act No. 7160, also known as the Local Government Code of 1991, it is provided, thus,

that “as the basic political unit, the barangay serves as the primary planning and

implementing unit of government policies, plans, programs, projects and activities in the

community xxx.” Consequently, if the collective responsibilities of each levels of the

government were performed-well by the people held responsible for such acts, the life

fulfillment of each citizen may be achieved and accomplished.

In this regard, the researchers aimed to determine and assess the disaster

preparedness of local Filipino citizens. Through this study, the researchers were able to

find out if (1) the residents of selected areas in Barangay Poblacion, Malvar, Batangas

were prepared enough if in case a disaster hits the country, (2) the government performs

its responsibilities to the stakeholders, and (3) there are any other things that can be vital

and essential in further developing the disaster preparedness of the residents.

 17

Statement of the Problem

This study mainly aimed to seek answers to the following questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1. Age;

1.2. Sex;

1.3. Civil Status;

1.4. Educational attainment;

1.5. Monthly family income; and

1.6. Employment Status?

2. How do the respondents assess their disaster preparedness in terms of:

2.1. Individual Awareness;

2.2. Household Orientation; and

2.3. Community Planning?

3. Is there any significant difference on the respondents’ assessment on their disaster

preparedness when grouped according to their demographic profile?

4. What course of actions can be taken to further enhance and improve the level of

disaster preparedness of the local Filipino citizens?

Hypothesis

This study aimed to test the hypothesis in its null form.

There is no significant difference on the assessment of the residents in selected

areas in Barangay Poblacion, Malvar, Batangas on their disaster preparedness when

grouped according to their demographic profile.

 18

Theoretical Framework

Learning happens throughout your whole life (Kajsa, 2015). It is deemed to be a

life-long process. And through experiences, people tend to learn a lot of things.

Experiences Conditioning

Behavior

Preferences Social Interaction

Figure 1

Theory on Behavior Psychology

Behavioral Psychology Theory (Cherry, 2016) is a theory of learning based on the

idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning. Conditioning occurs through

interaction with the environment and all other situations that might happen as well.

Basically, only observable behavior should be considered—cognitions, emotions and

moods are far too subjective. Any person can be potentially trained to perform any task,

regardless of genetic background, personality traits and internal thoughts. It only requires

the right conditioning.

The Behavioral Psychology Theory is deemed to be significant and relevant to

this undertaking for understanding the conditions and situations that the respondents have

undergone may determine their behavior towards disaster preparedness.

 19

Conceptual Framework

To further understand how the study was conceived, the researchers used the

Input-Process-Output (IPO) Model to show the method used to come up with the

proposed action for the study as shown in Figure 2.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Profile of the respondents

in terms of:

 Age
 Self-Constructed
 Sex
Questionnaire
 Civil Status  Proposed action
 Comparative
 Educational plan that could
Analysis between
Attainment address and
the assessment on
 Monthly Family further improve
the disaster
Income the disaster
preparedness of
 Employment preparedness
local Filipino
Status and readiness of
citizens grouped
the local
Assessment on the according to their
citizens.
Disaster Preparedness of demographic
residents of selected profile
areas in Barangay
Poblacion, Malvar,
Batangas in terms of:

 Individual
Awareness
 Household
Orientation
 Community
Planning

Figure 1
Research Paradigm

Figure 1 represents the different variables of the research using system approach with

three strategies: input, process and output. The input box indicates the profile of the
 20

respondents in terms of age, sex, civil status, educational attainment, monthly family

income and employment status. It also contains the assessment of the residents on their

disaster preparedness in terms of individual awareness, household orientation and

community planning.

The process box includes the self-constructed questionnaire used to gather the

needed data. It also shows the significant difference between the assessments of the

respondents when grouped according to their demographic profile. The output box

indicates the proposed action plan to address and further improve the disaster

preparedness of the local Filipino citizens.

Scope and Limitation

This study was designed to determine the level of disaster preparedness of the

residents in selected areas in Barangay Poblacion, Malvar, Batangas.

The research was conducted among 150 respondents. One member of each

household, preferably the household heads was chosen as the respondent in this study.

The researchers believe that the San Joaquin Road and Poblacion Railway households are

the group of people that can give accurate information to the given problem, being in the

crowded and slum area of the community. The said respondents’ environmental setting

may be significant and has a big effect on their assessment towards their disaster

preparedness.

Significance of the Study

This study will help determine the disaster preparedness of residents in selected

areas at Barangay Poblacion, Malvar, Batangas. The researchers believe that the findings

and results of this study will benefit the following:

 21

The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC), for

they may be able to determine possible improvements on their programs and policies

regarding national safety and preparedness.

The Local Government Unit (LGU) of Malvar, for they may be able to conduct

and implement stronger and better localized programs that could aid the disaster

readiness of their stakeholders.

The Local Households, for they may be able to further develop their disaster

preparedness, and be more aware of the programs and policies implemented by the local

and national government to address the disaster preparedness of the locals.

The Individual Citizens, for they may be able to acquire information to enlighten

their knowledge about the importance of being prepared before, during and after a

disaster hits their locality.

The Future Researchers, for the wholeness of this study may be significant and

relevant to the undertaking that they may have.

Definition of Terms

The following terms used in this study are presented with their conceptual and

operational definitions for the readers to better comprehend the recent study.

Disaster. A disaster is a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a

society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and

impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its

own resources (Kumar, 2016). In this study, this refers to the natural calamities such as

flood, fire, and landslide.

 22

Household. A household refers to a family bonded by the holy matrimony of the

church and the rule of law of a state (Vinette, 2016). In this study, this refers to a group of

people who live under one roof.

Individual Citizen. A native or naturalized person who belongs to a country and

has allegiance to that country and in turn has the rights and privileges of a country

(Rossel, 2015). In this study, it pertains to the single member of a household and a

community.

Planning. This refers to the set of actions being listed to be taken upon towards

an upcoming or future event or happening (Salazar, 2015). In this study, this refers to the

future actions that an individual and a group of people aims to execute within their

community.

Preparedness.  This refers to the activities taken by an individual, group or

organization to gather supplies, equipment, and information to get ready to respond to the

immediate impact of an incident or event that is outside the norm of daily actions and

activities (Davis, 2016). This refers to the readiness of an individual for something that

may happen unintentionally.

 23

Chapter II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents the related literature and studies reviewed by the researchers

to gain necessary information on the present study. This information will serve as a guide

which will direct the researchers in the conduct of the present undertaking. This chapter

also includes the comparison of the present undertaking to the reviewed ones.

Conceptual Literature

This portion presents literatures lifted from authorities which relates to the

disaster preparedness of citizens derived from books, journals, internet and unpublished

books.

Disaster. An individual’s life can only be satisfied if his needs and desires are

satisfied as well. As stated in Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, life satisfaction of

an individual can only be coped up when his needs for physiological, safety and security,

love and belongingness, esteem and self-actualization are met and gratified. If these

needs are not met, there may not be a physical indication, but the individual will feel

anxious and tense. Maslow's theory suggests that the most basic level of needs must be

met before the individual will strongly desire (or focus motivation upon) the secondary or

higher level needs (Bryans, 2013).

Security is the degree of resistance to, or protection from, harm. It applies to any

vulnerable and valuable asset, such as a person, dwelling, community, item, nation, or

organization. It is sought important for security ensures the safety and protection of such

vulnerable things (Chandrashekhar, 2016).

The Philippine archipelago is one of the most disaster-prone areas of the world,

with a wide span of different hazards like tropical cyclones, accompanied by strong
 24

winds, intense rainfall and flooding, storm surges, flash floods, droughts caused by El

Nino, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Due to the location of the Philippines, there is

an increasing risk from the impacts of more frequent and extreme climate-related events,

such as severe storms, flooding or drought (NDRRMC, 2014).

According to the article written by de la Cruz (2016) published in

www.rappler.com, PAGASA stated that the country is visited by at least 20 tropical

cyclones every year. Among these tropical cyclones, 10 will be typhoons, with 5 having

the potential to be destructive ones. In 2013, a total of 14 destructive tropical cyclones

entered the country. Of these, 5 were typhoons. The most devastating of these was the

Super Typhoon Yolanda, considered the strongest typhoon to ever landfall in the country,

and the world.

Base on the final report on the effects of Super Typhoon Yolanda (NDRRMC,

2013), it is the Rank 1 worst typhoon in terms of damage to properties since 1970

amounting to a total of Php 93 Billion. Typhoon Yolanda also outranked other typhoons

in the number of deaths after tallying a total of 6,300 casualties, while marking a total

number of 28, 688 persons injured and 1,062 other missing.

Meanwhile, in the article of France-Presse (2013) “Deadliest Calamities in the

Philippines” that was published at inquirer.net, included in the worst and deadliest natural

calamities in the Philippines are the earthquake and tsunami in the Moro Gulf, Mindanao

on August 1976 where 13,000 people were killed, Taal Volcano eruption in Batangas on

January 1911 where 1,300 people were killed, and the landslide in Guinsaugon, Southern

Leyte on February 2006 where 1,126 people were killed as well.

 25

Disaster Preparedness. As an initial act in the awakening call for disaster safety

in the country, the Fourteenth Congress of the Philippines (2009) established Republic

Act 10121, or the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010

which mainly aims to strengthen the Philippine disaster risk reduction and management

systems, provide national disaster risk reduction and management framework, and

institutionalize the national disaster risk reduction and management plan to uphold the

people’s constitutional rights to life and property by addressing the root causes of

vulnerabilities to disasters, strengthen the country’s institutional capacity for disaster risk

reduction and management and build the resilience of communities to disasters including

climate change impacts.

On the implementing rules and regulations set by the National Disaster

Coordinating Council (2010) for NDRRMC, there includes the responsibility and purpose

of the council which is to adopt a disaster risk reduction and management approach that

is holistic, comprehensive, integrated, and proactive in lessening the socioeconomic and

environmental impacts of disasters including climate change, and promote the

involvement and participation of all sectors and all stakeholders concerned at all levels,

especially the local community, and adopt and implement a coherent, comprehensive,

integrated, efficient and responsive disaster risk reduction program incorporated in the

development plan at various levels of government adhering to the principles of good

governance such as transparency and accountability within the context of poverty

alleviation and environmental protection.

Individual Awareness. In addressing individual awareness and better reach every

Filipino citizen, disaster preparedness was even added to the new curriculum of
 26

education. In an article written by Miasco (2017) for The Freeman, Department of

Education and Commission on Higher Education incorporated disaster risk reduction and

management in their curricula. DepEd and CHEd officials agreed saying that students

and teachers must be equipped with knowledge on mitigating and managing hazards and

risks brought by natural disasters like earthquake.

In the published paper of World Conference on Earthquake Engineering (2010),

awareness of an individual for disaster preparedness includes applying disaster

prevention measures in their daily life, participating in community disaster awareness

programs and preparing themselves for immediate response to disaster, as well as having

personal disaster experience, having received information about disasters, contacting with

disaster prevention communities, adequate income, attending in disaster reduction events,

and knowing about self-protection.

Household Orientation. Households and communities are critical units of analysis

in research that examines disaster preparedness strategies. Households and communities

are the first responders and the ones best aware of their unique needs and capabilities

(Hill, 2011). Household preparedness can help save lives and curtail staggering losses

from natural disasters around the world (Brunie, 2007).

On the work of Atreya (2016), households having accessible flood risk maps,

sharing flood experiences with family, having early warning systems, and having

shelters, amongst other factors, all increase the likelihood of household preparedness

action. This information is important as it can then be used to assist in diagnosing the

existing capacities and gaps in managing flood risk in these communities.

 27

In large-scale disasters, households and communities must be

prepared to be self-sufficient until official responders and/or international assistance can

reach all affected areas and residents. This may take up to several days, particularly

when national emergency response systems are affected themselves to some extent.

Furthermore, not all disasters are large enough to attract attention and receive external

assistance. Yet even smaller events can have dramatic cumulative effects locally and

communities and households are often left to deal with these impacts on their own (Hill,

2011).

Community Planning. Community participation has been recognized as the

additional element in disaster management necessary to reverse the worldwide trend of

increasing frequency and loss from disasters, build a culture of safety and disaster

resilient communities, and ensure sustainable development for all (Victoria, 2009).

According to the work of Gregorio and Kobayashi (2013), disaster preparedness

on local government units and local schools require clear coordination among interrelated

departments and offices, strong leadership among government officers and school heads,

proper execution of mandated disaster drills and transparent budget expense. Disaster

preparedness also calls for the need to identify and capacitate the persons in school who

will manage the preparation and planning systems. Strong leadership at the local

government units and the school should also be maintained. This should be documented

and disseminated as a good practice.

Preparing for disasters can include range of activities, from building dikes and

levees to buying insurance, to simple avoidance measures such as protecting belongings.

In the context of poor communities, capital intensive activities such as building defense
 28

structures and buying insurance may not be viable. However, poor communities could

focus on avoidance measures that do not require huge sums of capital, such as improving

flood risk maps and communicating about that risk to all members of the community

(Atreya, 2016).

Demographic Profile. Meanwhile, a report of Centers for Disease Control and

Prevention (2015) identified demographic and social connectedness characteristics as

correlates of household preparedness adoption. Stated also in the report that men were

more likely personally prepared than women. Furthermore, education and income are

correlated with preparedness behaviors as well.

The Introduction to Disaster Risk Reduction published by US Aid (2011) states

that economic status of the population relates not only to the degree of losses in terms of

lives, property and infrastructure but also to the capacity to cope with and recover from

adverse effects. Virtually all disaster studies show that the wealthiest of the population

(women and men) either survive the impact of a hazard without suffering any adverse

effects or are able to recover quickly (due mostly to the presence of insurance, savings,

investments or some other financial instrument to fall back on). Poverty and lack of

access to land and basic services explains why people in urban areas are forced to live on

hills that are prone to landslides, or why people settle near rivers that invariably flood

their banks. Poverty explains why droughts claim poor subsistence farmers as victims and

rarely the wealthy, and why famine, more often than not, is the result of a lack of

purchasing power to buy food rather than the absence of food. Physical vulnerability also

relates to remotely located settlements, their location, the

 29

design of building structures, and their ability to withstand the elements and hazards,

as well as their lack of access to services, infrastructure and information.

Synthesis

This part presents the generalization of the literatures lifted from authorities

which relates to the disaster preparedness of citizens derived from books, journals,

internet and unpublished books that are significant and relevant to the current

undertaking.

The articles written by France-Presse and de la Cruz and the final report of

NDRRMC revealed how prevalent the disasters and calamities are in the country. It

shows how the Filipino people were affected by the natural calamities brought by man-

made activities that triggered climate change. Different disasters were also mentioned as

well as the damages and casualties brought by the said disasters.

The literatures of Miasco and World Conference on Earthquake Engineering

clearly shows that individual awareness plays a big contributing role for disaster

preparedness and resilience of a community.

The works of Atreya and Hill manifest that households are also vital in disaster

resilience, having the basic unit of society, the family, as primary people involved. The

way how an individual will react and respond to the external happenings depends on how

he was developed in his family.

The literatures of Victoria (2009), Gregorio and Kobayashi (2013) and Hill (2011)

clearly states that community engagement and participation are significant factors that

could further intensify people’s disaster awareness and preparedness.

 30

The published works of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015) and

US Aid (2011) implies that the demographic profile of residents such as age, sex, income,

and employment status play a vital role in the disaster preparedness of people.

Research Literature

The following related studies helped the researchers to fully understand the topic

and guide them in making comparisons between their findings and the findings of other

studies.

In the study of Ozmen (2013) on the level of preparedness of the schools for

disasters from the aspect of the school principals where the main purpose to determine

the level of preparedness of primary schools towards prospective earthquakes from the

aspect of the effectiveness of school principals; and to develop some recommendations

due to the obtained results, it revealed that the preparedness level of the schools are not

so well for prospective disasters, and there are significant differences among the views of

the subjects. In other words, the school principals were not so effective in achieving high

level preparedness and for prospective earthquakes. The research is limited with the

views of the teachers and of principals obtained in the city centre of Elazig. Therefore,

observation-based researches may also be complementary for the reflection of the real

life situation at schools.

On the latest study of Geronimo, et al (2016) on the disaster mitigation and

preparedness of the residents of Cadiz City, Philippines wherein they used the mix-

methods design, data on the level of disaster mitigation and preparedness were gathered

from 395 respondents of 11 barangays in Cadiz City, using a researcher-made

questionnaire and in-depth face-to-face interviews. The survey results show that the
 31

general response in terms of the level of disaster mitigation and preparedness is “In the

Process”. Most of the respondents have acquired information on general emergency

preparedness with TV reporters as the most common source of information and television

was found to be the most effective means of receiving information. The study also

revealed no significant differences between rural and urban dwellers‟ level of disaster

mitigation and preparedness. In general, the residents of Cadiz City manifest readiness

and interest in their safety from disaster and in reducing their exposure and vulnerabilities

to typhoons, fires, and earthquakes. The development of a comprehensive and operational

module to guide at risk communities in mitigating and preparing for disasters is highly

recommended by the study.

Consequently, a study conducted by Akumu (2013) entitled disaster awareness

and preparedness of secondary schools in Homa Bay County, Kenya aimed to identify

types of disasters found in secondary schools, establish levels of disaster awareness and

preparedness, establish administrative strategies put in place by school managers to

enhance disaster awareness and preparedness and examine ways through which school

facilities have been modified to cope with school disasters.

The study adopted a descriptive survey design and targeted 52 principals, 420

secondary schools teachers and 6,000 students. 52 principals were purposively selected

for the study, 84 teachers and 600 students were sampled for the study. The findings of

the study revealed that secondary schools in Homa Bay County are faced with a variety

of disasters with varying magnitudes most of which are floods-related as stated by 85.4%

of principals, low extent of planning for disaster awareness attributed to rare planning and
 32

attendance of workshops and seminars on disaster awareness given that 81.4% of

teachers had never attended these workshops.

It also established that crucial disaster awareness information materials such as

school safety manuals were not available in most schools (70.9%). It was also found that

most secondary students (75.4%) were not conversant with road safety rules as some of

them were flouting these rules which might have exposed them to transport related

disasters. The study further revealed that very little efforts had been done by school

administrations to enhance disaster awareness and preparedness as none of the school had

put in place early warning mechanisms, Disaster awareness and preparedness guidelines

were not available in a large number of schools (89.6%) and that most secondary schools

(75.0%) did not even have school safety sub-committees. Most school administrations

(52.9%) also took roll calls very often before students retired to bed on a regular basis

and that there were regular patrols by the school security personnel to ensure safety in

schools.

From the findings, most secondary schools in Homa Bay County were not

adequately prepared to deal with disasters as a result of floods, landslides,

thunderstorm/lightening related disasters, earthquake related disasters, disasters as a

result of strong winds, fire related disasters, and disasters arising from poisonous

chemical emissions and severe pollution. It was also established that most secondary

schools had not modified their school physical facilities in line with safety requirements

given that most secondary schools (43.8%) in the County had overcrowded classrooms,

(54.8%) having narrow doors which may have made it hard for students to evacuate in

case of an emergency and a number of them (39.5%) had doors that opened inwards thus
 33

making it difficult to force them open from inside in case of emergency. The study

recommended that every secondary school need to have a plan for development of

capacity for the staff and students to be better prepared in responding to disaster, school

administrations and other stakeholders ought to provide necessary information and

materials support to schools to promote disaster preparedness, and school administration

need to protect investment in physical infrastructure and plan for reinforcement or

upgrading of existing structures to become more resistant and resilient to the damaging

effects of disaster.

On one work of Galindo (2014) on the Organizational Preparedness for Natural

Disasters in Ozamiz City, Philippines, the Philippines is identified as a natural disaster

hot-spot and is ranked third among the most disaster risk countries in the world. The

research paper looked into the natural disaster preparedness of government and non-

government organizations directly responsible for critical infrastructures operation and

emergency management functions in Ozamiz City. The area was selected since

commercial activities are centered on coastal areas and many of its population are located

near the coastal area making it prone to the impacts of hydrological events. The study

employed the survey method. Survey questionnaires were administered to 254

administrators and employees from 45 organizations and follow up interviews were

conducted. Overall findings revealed that the organizations are moderately prepared for

natural disasters. However, findings from the individual category of infrastructure

showed that facilities, utilities and transportation organizations are less prepared.

Organizations responsible for electrical, fuel, gas, energy, waste and water utilities

ranked number one with lowest preparedness level.

 34

On the other hand, the study of Viloria (2012) on the barangay government

disaster preparedness: the case of typhoon Sendong affected Iligan communities

described the disaster preparedness of four typhoon Sendong affected barangays of Iligan

City, namely: Hinaplanon, San Roque, Upper Hinaplanon and Tibanga. The study

focuses on the barangay disaster preparedness before the typhoon, actions taken during

the typhoon, and the strategies and activities undertaken in the aftermath.

The study revealed that most of the barangays are not prepared for the disaster

due to lack of budget, which apparently resulted to negligence and over-confidence; only

one barangay was able to implement its Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction and

Management Plan (BDRRMP). The lack of proper information-based systems and the

ignorance of the residents have contributed to their unpreparedness. Delayed response

and relief are due to impassable roads, among other things.

In the aftermath, barangay government officials have helped in the distribution of

the relief goods and have coordinated with the city and national governments, the NGOs,

and other private sector groups regarding their barangay long term rehabilitation.

Presently, the four affected barangays are under rehabilitation; and strengthening their

BDRRM Plan and Committee is their priority. Having better braced themselves for future

disaster in the aftermath of Sendong, these barangays succeeded in achieving their goal of

“zero casualties” when typhoon Pablo struck the Mindanao region in December 2012.

Synthesis

This part presents the comparison of the previous studies to the study conducted

by the present researchers.

 35

The study of Ozmen is found related to the present study as it dealt with disaster

preparedness of citizens. Factors, respondents, local and other determinants of disaster

preparedness vary from the current undertaking which makes this study uniquely original.

The study of Geronimo was significantly related to this study because the study

focused on finding the disaster preparedness. It is also similar because the present

undertaking also uses the phenomenological approach.

The respondents of the past studies vary from the present study. The respondents

of Ozmen and Akumu were secondary schools while this study used the populations of

selected areas of Barangay Poblacion, Malvar, Batangas.

The study of Galindo was significantly related to this study because the

mentioned study focused on finding the disaster preparedness. It is also similar because

the present undertaking also uses the phenomenological approach. It inly differed as the

study was conducted at Ozamiz City, Philippines while this study was conducted at

Barangay Poblacion, Malvar, Batangas.

The study of Geronimo (2016) was similar to the present study in using survey

questionnaires in gathering data. The study of Geronimo only differed in adding face to

face interview as another way of collecting information.

It is important to know the differences of the five studies conducted in terms of

the respondents, concepts, and local in comparing it to the present study as it will be

essential in proving that this study is original and not duplicated.

36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
 92

Research Design

The study focused on the disaster preparedness of the residents in selected areas at

Barangay Poblacion, Malvar, Batangas in order to develop such action to help residents,

and community stakeholders in developing an efficient and effective plan of action to

better improve and develop their disaster preparedness. Due to the nature and scope, the

researchers utilized the descriptive method of research. As cited in the study of De Leon

(2012), descriptive method is the best method of research to determine the contemporary

status of the respondents or subject of the study.

 93

Descriptive method was defined by Porto (2008) as a design technique used to

gather information about presenting existing conditions. It is the best method of research

to describe the nature of situation as it exists at the time of the study and explore the

causes of particular phenomena. It is also the method that used to involve in collecting of

data in order to test hypothesis or to answer questions concerning the current status of the

subject of the study. Comparative analysis is a set of systematic ways of studying

causality in a simple data table of binary or ordinal variables. It is used to compare two

distinct variables and determine their similarities and difference. It is also a way to

analyze data based on sets of multiple values (group comparison).

The descriptive-comparative design best suits the current undertaking as the

research evaluated the characteristics of the subjects and determined the significant

difference of their assessments when grouped according to their profile.

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study were the residents of selected areas in Barangay

Poblacion, Malvar, Batangas, mainly those residing at San Joaquin Road and Railway

Areas. The researchers believe that the San Joaquin Road and Poblacion Railway

households are the group of people that can give accurate information to the given

problem, being in the crowded and squatters’ community. The said respondents’

environmental setting may be significant and a big effect on their assessment towards

their disaster preparedness.

There is at least one respondent each household, can be either the heads of the

family, the mother or father, or the breadwinner of the family who supports the financial

aspects of the household to comply with the quota sampling given by the research project
 94

instructor with a total number of 150. Respondents who answered the questionnaires

prepared by the researchers depended base on their availability on the time the

questionnaires were given. To further ensure that the data collected were accurate and

correct, only the legal guardian and/or legal-age parents were given the opportunity to

answer the questionnaire sheets.

Research Instrument

The main instrument used in the study was a self-constructed questionnaire,

which designed to know the assessment on the disaster preparedness of the residents. The

draft was forwarded to the subject teacher for corrections and certain modifications. The

researchers also obtain some suggestions to enhance the questionnaire for making it more

valid in every way possible. Several improvement and revisions were done before the

researchers produce their final draft. Once the final draft derived, it was then submitted to

the subject teacher for grammatical correction.

The questionnaire used in this study had two parts. The initial part determined the

profile of the respondents in terms of age, sex, civil status, educational attainment,

monthly income, and socioeconomic status. While the other part on the assessment of the

respondent with respect to the following disaster preparedness factors such as individual

awareness, household orientation, and community planning. Every factor comprised five

(5) items each.

To access each item in the research-made questionnaire, the respondents were

requested to rate each item on a four-point scale with its corresponding interpretations.

To determine the preparedness of the residents, the following scale of mean ranges were

used to interpret the computed weighted mean and composite mean.

 95

Rating Mean Ranges Interpretation

4 3. 51- 4.00 Strongly Agree/Highly Prepared

3 2. 50 - 3.50 Agree/Prepared

2 1.51 – 2.50 Slightly Agree/Slightly Prepared

1 1. 00 – 1.50 Disagree/Not Prepared

Data Gathering Procedures

This part discusses the step-by-step procedures undertaken by the researchers in

gathering data. This may include identifying the respondents, scheduling the survey,

conducting the survey proper and other procedures conducted by the researchers.

After the proposed title was approved by the research adviser, the researchers

gathered information about the disaster preparedness of residents through related

literatures. Using the information gathered, the researchers made a questionnaire

consisting of two parts; the demographic profile and the disaster preparedness. The study

made used of a sample size of the population of San Joaquin Road, and Railroad

Households of Barangay Poblacion, Malvar, Batangas to complete the quota-sample

given, which is 150. After the questionnaires were checked by the research adviser and

revised by the researchers, the questionnaires were administered by the researchers

personally.

The retrieval of questionnaires is at 100 percent and is done also by the

researchers personally. The data was then tallied, tabulated, analyzed and interpreted. The

researchers assured confidentiality of their responses since the identities are not

important. The researchers also understood that people’s consciousness may also affect
 96

their honesty and effectiveness in answering the survey, and so, the researchers gave

people the option of being anonymous.

The researchers tried to look for research literatures from public and private

libraries but there were no available researches in the public libraries while private

libraries require letters and recommendations before admitting outside researchers and let

them utilize their resources. Thus, the researchers made use of accessible studies and

researches online.

Statistical Treatment

The data gathered about the disaster preparedness of residents in selected areas at

Barangay Poblacion, Malvar, Batangas.

Frequency and Percentage. These were used to determine the distribution of

respondents in terms of different person related variables.

Weighted Mean. This was used to determine the assessment of the respondents

with regards to their data set.

T-tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA). These were used to determine the

significant difference between the profile and the struggles encountered by the

respondents.
 97

Chapter IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter contains the presentation, analysis and interpretation of the collected

data. The discussion is based on the sequence of the research questions in Chapter 1.

1. Profile of the Respondents

This part presents the profile of the respondents in terms of their age, sex, civil

status, educational attainment, family monthly income and employment status.

1.1 Age. This is a trait that societies use to determine people’s life existence from

their date of birth.

Table 4.1.1 presents the profile of the respondents in terms of their age.

Table 4.1.1
Profile of Respondents According to their Age
Age Frequency Percentage

20-35 years old 63 42

36-50 years old 64 42.67

51-65 years old 18 12

66 years old and above 5 3.33

Total 150 100

This revealed that most of the selected respondents are 36 to 50 years old, with a

total of 64 out of 150 and comprised the 42.67 percent of the total percentage of the

population. Meanwhile, there were only five (5) respondents that fell under the 66 years

old and above age bracket with whom represented the 3.33 percent of the total percentage

of the population.
 98

Most of the surveyed respondents were 36 to 50 years since one of the

determinants for selecting the respondents of this study was either a household head or

the family breadwinner and the aforementioned age bracket was the common age bracket

for the group.

1.2 Sex. This is one of the biological traits that societies use to assign people into

the category of either male or female, whether it be through a focus on chromosomes,

genitalia or some other physical ascription (Levallos, 2015).

Table 4.1.2 presents the profile of the respondents in terms of their sex.

Table 4.1.2
Profile of Respondents According to their Sex
Sex Frequency Percentage

Male 61 40.67

Female 89 59.33

Total 150 100

This showed that most of the respondents were female, with a total number of 89

out of 150 which comprised the 59.33 percent of the total percentage of the population.

On the other hand, there were a total of 61 male respondents that represented the 40.67

percent of the total percentage of the population.

Females outnumbered the male respondents since most of them are housewives

and are doing household chores while the latter were on their work on weekdays.

1.3 Civil Status. This is a trait that determines an individual’s state of being an

individual.

Table 4.1.3 presents the profile of the respondents in terms of their civil status.
 99

Table 4.1.3
Profile of Respondents According to their Civil Status
Civil Status Frequency Percentage

Single 47 31.33

Married 90 60

Separated 5 3.33

Widow 8 5.33

Total 150 100

This indicated that most of the respondents were married, with a total number of

90 out of 150 which represented the 60 percent of the total percentage of population

while there were only 5 respondents, comprised the 3.33 percent who claimed that they

were separated.

Most of the respondents were married since they were household heads, and

living in a traditional Filipino community that values the sacred matrimony of marriage is

a great factor.

1.4 Educational Attainment. This determines the level of education obtained by

the respondents through attending schools and other educational institutions.

Table 4.1.4 presents the profile of the respondents in terms of their educational

attainment.

This exposed that most of the respondents were able to attain high school level,

with a total number of 83 out of 150 which comprised the 55.33 percent of the total

percentage of the population whereas there were only 28 respondents who were able to
 100

attain elementary level which comprised the 18.67 percent of the total percentage of the

whole population.

Table 4.1.4
Profile of Respondents According to their Educational Attainment
Educational Attainment Frequency Percentage

Elementary Level 28 18.67

High School Level 83 55.33

College Level 39 26

Total 150 100

Most of the respondents were able to attain high school level since Filipinos pay

great importance to educating their youth and high school level is a satisfactory level to

attain, where most of jobs require at least high school level graduate.

1.5 Family Monthly Income. This depicts the total income of all the people

living in one household in one month. Income refers not only to the salaries and benefits

received but also to receipts from any personal business, investments, dividends and other

income.

Table 4.1.5 presents the profile of the respondents in terms of their family

monthly income.

This showed that 92 out of 150 respondents, comprised the 61.33 percent of the

whole total percentage of the population gains PhP10,000 and below family monthly

income, however, there were 5 respondents which represented the 3.33 percent of the

total percentage of the population disclosed that their family earn PhP 30,001 and above

monthly.
 101

Table 4.1.5
Profile of Respondents According to their Family Monthly Income
Family Monthly Income Frequency Percentage

PhP 10,000 and below 92 61.33

PhP 10,001 – PhP 20,000 36 24

PhP 20,001 – PhP 30,000 17 11.33

PhP 30,001 and above 5 3.33

Total 150 100

Most of the respondents’ family monthly income fell under the bracket PhP

10,000 and below since most of the families depend their daily living to small businesses

they own such as sari-sari stores.

1.6 Employment Status. This depicts the socioeconomic status and either the

presence or absence of work of an individual.

Table 4.1.6 presents the profile of the respondents in terms of their family

monthly income.

Table 4.1.6
Profile of Respondents According to their Employment Status
Employment Status Frequency Percentage

Employed 38 25.33

Self-Employed 71 47.33

Unemployed 41 27.33

Total 150 100

This showed that most of the respondents were self-employed, with a total

number of 71 out of 150, which comprised the 47.33 percent of the total percentage of the
 102

population. Meanwhile, 38 of the respondents, represented the 25.33 percent of the total

percentage of the population claimed that they were employed.

Most of the respondents were self-employed since their means of living was their

owned small businesses such as sari-sari stores.

2. Disaster Preparedness

The succeeding tables presented the assessment of the residents on their disaster

preparedness in terms of individual awareness, household orientation, and community

planning.

2.1 Individual Awareness. This referred to the mindfulness and attentiveness of

an individual towards disaster preparedness and its benefits.

Table 4.2.1 shows the assessment of the respondents on disaster preparedness in

terms of individual awareness.

Table 4.2.1
Assessment on Disaster Preparedness in terms of Individual Awareness
STATEMENT Weighted Verbal
As an individual, I… Mean Interpretation
1. know that the Philippines is a disaster-prone 3.23 Agree
country since it is along the Pacific Ring of Fire
2. know things about the different disasters, natural or 3.15 Agree
caused by man, that may occur anytime
3. have attended emergency drill/s where I learned 3.08 Agree
what to do in case a disaster occurs
4. keep myself updated with the latest news on 3.25 Agree
disasters and calamities around the globe
5. have set contingency plans in case a disaster hits 3.07 Agree
our locality (i.e. evacuation plans, financial plans,
etc.)
 103

Composite Mean 3.16 Prepared

Base on the table, the statement that garnered the highest mean of 3.25 was “keep

myself updated with the latest news on disasters and calamities around the globe” with

the verbal interpretation of prepared. The statement “know that the Philippines is a

disaster-prone country since it is along the Pacific Ring of Fire” obtained the second

highest mean of 3.23 with an interpretation of prepared. This reflects the study of

Geronimo (2016) wherein people usually acquire information through TV reports and

newscasts.

On the other hand, the statement “have set contingency plans in case a disaster

hits our locality (i.e. evacuation plans, financial plans, etc.)” got the lowest mean of 3.07

yet still interpreted as prepared. This contradicts the work of Geronimo (2016) that

respondents manifest readiness and interest in their safety from disaster and in reducing

their exposure and vulnerabilities to disasters.

In general, individual awareness got the composite mean of 3.16 and was

interpreted prepared. Base on the results, individual awareness for residents in selected

areas of Brgy. Poblacion, Malvar, Batangas can be justified as satisfactory since they

were all aware that the country is a disaster-prone one and they keep themselves updated

with the news on TV. This compliments the study of Geronimo (2016) that the most

efficient means of manifesting readiness is through individual efforts.

2.2 Household Orientation. This referred to the preparation, coordination and

perception of the whole household towards disaster preparedness and its benefits.

Table 4.2.2 shows the assessment of the respondents on disaster preparedness in

terms of household orientation.

 104

Table 4.2.2
Assessment on Disaster Preparedness in terms of Household Orientation
STATEMENT Weighted Verbal
In our family, we… Mean Interpretation
1. have set plans if in case a disaster hits our locality 3.07 Agree
2. participate in the safety drills set by the government 2.95 Agree
to do during a calamity
3. have at least one family member that could perform 2.81 Agree
first aid
4. have an assembled emergency and first-aid kits and 2.85 Agree
written emergency plan.
5. keep all important documents in envelopes or 3.24 Agree
organizers to be able to get it in time in case of
evacuation
Composite Mean 2.98 Prepared

As depicted in the table, the statement that obtained the highest mean of 3.24 was

“keep all important documents in envelopes or organizers to be able to get it in time in

case of evacuation” with the verbal interpretation of prepared. The statement “have set

plans if in case a disaster hits our locality” garnered the second highest mean of 3.07 and

was also interpreted as prepared. These results compliment the study of Geronimo (2016)

wherein household respondents detailed that their disaster preparedness level is “in the

process” stage through taking advance plans and doing certain preventive measures.

Meanwhile, the statement “have at least one family member that could perform

first aid” reaped the lowest mean of 2.81 yet still interpreted as prepared. This was

similarly the same to the findings of Viloria (2012) where it was determined that one of

the major causes of unpreparedness for disasters was the lack of proper information-

based systems and the ignorance of the residents to such important things.
 105

As a whole, household preparedness established a composite mean of 2.98 and

was interpreted prepared. The results clearly shows that the households of Brgy.

Poblacion, Malvar, Batangas are prepared for disasters and are doing preventive

measures to ensure that their family are ready for the natural calamities. This replicates

the study of Akumu (2013) where it was stated that to be better prepared in responding to

disaster, a plan for development of capacity is important.

2.3 Community Planning. This referred to the organization, forecasting and

planning of the whole community, upheld by the barangay officials towards disaster

preparedness.

Table 4.2.3 shows the assessment of the respondents on disaster preparedness in

terms of community planning.

Table 4.2.3
Assessment on Disaster Preparedness in terms of Community Planning
STATEMENT Weighted Verbal
In our community… Mean Interpretation
1. the barangay officials set plans to do if in case a 2.94 Agree
calamity hits the locality
2. we address the disasters that may damage our 2.8 Agree
community the most
3. we conduct regular meetings on disaster 2.71 Agree
preparedness
4. we regularly check hazardous places and 2.75 Agree
establishments that could be harmful to people
5. the barangay officials have a trained rescue team 2.76 Agree
that could aid the needs of the people during times of
calamities
Composite Mean 2.79 Prepared
 106

As shown in the table, the statement that garnered the highest mean of 2.94 was

“the barangay officials set plans to do if in case a calamity hits the locality” and was

interpreted as prepared. The statement “we address the disasters that may damage our

community the most” received the second highest mean of 2.8 and was interpreted as

prepared. This is relatively similar to the findings of Galindo (2014) where it revealed

that the organizations and local government units are moderately prepared for natural

disasters.

On the other hand, the statement “we conduct regular meetings on disaster

preparedness” got the lowest mean of 2.71 yet still interpreted as prepared. This reflects

the study of Ozmen (2013) that community leaders were not so effective in achieving

high level preparedness. Added to this, the findings of Akumu (2013) also compliment

this result where it was stated that low extent of planning for disaster awareness attributed

to rare planning and attendance of workshops and seminars on disaster awareness.

Generally, community planning obtained a composite mean of 2.79 and was

interpreted prepared. Base on the results, it shows that the community leaders of Brgy.

Poblacion, Malvar, Batangas were doing certain actions to address the needs of its people

for disaster preparedness, though their actions still fail to comply and satisfy all the

expectations of the community. This compliments the study of Akumu (2013) where it

recommended that every community need to have a plan for development of capacity for

the staff to be better prepared in responding to disaster, other stakeholders ought to

provide necessary information and materials support to community to promote disaster

preparedness.
 107

The table below illustrates the summary of Composite Mean obtained in the

assessment of the residents on the disaster preparedness.

Table 4.2.4
Summary Table of Composite Mean
Assessment on… Composite Mean Verbal Interpretation

1. Individual Awareness 3.16 Prepared

2. Household Orientation 2.98 Prepared

3. Community Planning 2.79 Prepared

Grand Composite Mean 2.98 Prepared

The table shows that the assessment of the residents on the disaster preparedness

in terms of individual awareness attained the highest composite mean of 3.16.

Meanwhile, the lowest composite mean was 2.79, their assessment on their disaster

preparedness in terms of community planning.

This implies that the assessment on disaster preparedness of residents in selected

areas at Brgy. Poblacion, Malvar, Batangas in terms of individual awareness, household

orientation and community planning obtained the grand composite mean of 2.98 and

verbally interpreted as prepared.

3. Comparative analysis on the assessment of the residents on their disaster

preparedness when grouped according to their demographic profile.

Table 4.3.1 showed the comparative analysis on the disaster preparedness of the

residents when grouped according to their demographic profile. Using Analysis of

Variance, it can be gleaned that there is no significant difference on the assessments on

 108

the disaster preparedness of the residents when grouped according to their demographic

profile.

Table 4.3.1
Summary of Computations in Testing the Difference on the Assessment
of the Disaster Preparedness of the Residents when Grouped According to Profile
Variable P-Value Level of Degree of Decision Conclusion

Significance Freedom Ho

Age 0.160 0.05 30/149 Accept Not

Significant
Sex 0.644 0.05 30/149 Accept Not
Significant
Civil Status 0.178 0.05 30/149 Accept Not
Significant
Educational 0.221 0.05 30/149 Accept Not
Attainment Significant
Family Monthly 0.084 0.05 30/148 Accept Not
Income Significant
Employment 0.453 0.05 30/149 Accept Not
Status Significant

On the first variable, the p-value 0.160 was greater than the level of significance

0.05, which meant that the null hypothesis was accepted and that there is no significant

difference on the assessments if the respondents were grouped according to age.

On the second variable, the p-value 0.644 was greater than the level of

significance 0.05, which meant that the null hypothesis was accepted and that there is no

significant difference on the assessments if the respondents were grouped according to

sex.
 109

On the third variable, the p-value 0.178 was greater than the level of significance

0.05, this meant that the null hypothesis was accepted and that there is no significant

difference on the assessments if the respondents were grouped according to civil status.

On the fourth variable, the p-value 0.221 was greater than the level of significance

0.05, which meant that the null hypothesis was accepted and that there is no significant

difference on the assessments if the respondents were grouped according to educational

attainment.

On the fifth variable, the p-value 0.084 was greater than the level of significance

0.05, which meant that the null hypothesis was accepted and that there is no significant

difference on the assessments if the respondents were grouped according to family

monthly income.

On the sixth variable, the p-value 0.453 was greater than the level of significance

0.05, this meant that the null hypothesis was accepted and that there is no significant

difference on the assessments if the respondents were grouped according to employment

status.

Base on the results as shown on the table, the demographic profile of the

respondents in terms of age, sex, civil status, educational attainment, family monthly

income and employment status shows no significant difference on their assessment on

their disaster preparedness.

4. Proposed action plan to strengthen the disaster preparedness of the residents in

selected areas of Brgy. Poblacion, Malvar, Batangas

The study was conducted by the researchers to determine the disaster

preparedness of the residents of selected areas at Barangay Poblacion, Malvar, Batangas.

 110

Printed landscaped format but for presentation purposed, included here as a

screenshot/image
 111

Printed landscaped format but for presentation purposed, included here as a

screenshot/image
 112

Chapter V
SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the summary of the study, its findings and conclusions, and

the recommendations drawn based on the results obtained by the researchers.

Summary

The study examined the assessment of the residents of residents in selected areas

of Barangay Poblacion, Malvar, Batangas. The study used a quota sampling that involved

150 respondents.

The descriptive method of research was used by the researchers in order to

examine the assessment of the residents on their disaster preparedness. The researcher

used questionnaire as a tool in gathering information for this study. This study

determined the profile of the respondents in terms of age, sex, civil status, educational

attainment, monthly family income and employment status.

The respondents who were requested to answer the survey questionnaires were

the residents of San Joaquin Road and Railroad Households of Barangay Poblacion,

Malvar, Batangas. The researchers used the statistical treatment weighted mean,

frequency and percentage in terms of the profile of the respondents and assessment of the

residents on their disaster preparedness. The researchers also used the Analysis of

Variance (ANOVA or T-Test) to determine the significant difference on the assessment

of the residents on their disaster preparedness when grouped according to their

demographic profile.
 113

Findings

After the data were gathered, analyzed, tabulated and statistically treated the study

discloses the following findings.

1. In the total of 150 respondents, 59.33 percent were female with a frequency of 89.

42.67 percent or 64 of the respondents were 36 to 50 years old. Majority of the

respondents were married, consisting of 60 percent with a frequency of 90. In terms of

educational attainment, 83 or 55.33 percent of the respondents attained high school level.

Meanwhile, there were 92 respondents whose monthly family income ranges from Php

10,000. Lastly, 71 of the respondents detailed that they were self-employed.

2. On the assessment of the respondents on their individual awareness, the results

showed a 3.16 composite mean and was given the verbal interpretation of prepared. On

the assessment of the respondents on their household orientation, the results showed a

2.98 composite mean and was given the verbal interpretation of prepared. On the

assessment of the respondents on their community planning, the results showed a 2.79

composite mean and was given the verbal interpretation of prepared.

3. Based on the results showed in the computation in testing the difference on the

assessment of disaster preparedness of the residents when grouped according to profile,

all six variables obtained p-values greater than the level of significance 0.05. These

findings mean that the researchers can accept the null hypothesis and have to conclude

that there is no significant difference between the profile of the respondents and their

assessment on their disaster preparedness when grouped according to profile.

4. Individuals who do not have set contingency plans if in case a disaster hits our

locality may go online and other trusted sources and look for efficient and appropriate
 114

evacuation plans, financial plans, and other similar and related contents that may be used

for advance preparation.

Households who do not have at least one family member that could perform first

aid may seek for online tutorial, or published books and magazines that may be used as

guide on how to perform first aid for various incidents and catastrophes.

Barangay officials may conduct regular meetings on disaster preparedness to

further strengthen every household’s awareness and orientation and equip the community

with preventive measures and appropriate actions to do in case a disaster hits the locality.

Conclusion

Based on the findings of the study, the researchers came up with the following

conclusions:

1. Most of the respondents were female, 36 to 50 years of age, married, attained high

school level, earns a family monthly income of PhP 10,000 and below and were

self-employed.

2. The respondents assessed themselves as prepared when it comes to disaster

preparedness.

3. There is no significant difference on the assessment on the disaster preparedness

when they were grouped according to their demographic profile.

4. The result may serve as basis for improving the disaster preparedness of the

residents.

Recommendations

In relation to the findings and conclusions obtained, the following

recommendations are hereby given.

 115

1. To every individual, they may look for reliable sources that can provide them the

ideas and interventions on how to have appropriate and effective evacuation

plans, financial plans and other related advance preparations that may boost their

disaster preparedness.

2. Households may undergo first aid training where they will learn ways on how to

perform first aid and get tips from the experts and well-trained practitioners on

how to do medications on vulnerable times.

3. Barangay officials and other concerned stakeholders may organize a monthly or

semi-annual meeting to address the community’s needs and concerns on disaster

preparedness. They may also materialize the things that an ordinary household

may be badly needed in times of calamities that they may provide for free.

4. Further researches regarding the social issue stated herewith to better understand

the situation at hand, and to obtain supplementary assessments on the disaster

preparedness of the other sectors of the community.

 116

BIBLIOGRAPHY

“Presidential Decree No. 1566, s. 1978” Official Gazette. Retrieved from

www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1978/06/11/presidential-decree-no-1566-s-1978/

“Theory on Behavioral Psychology” VeryWell. Retrieved from

https://www.verywell.com/behavioral-psychology-4013681

Dela Cruz, G. “In Numbers: Typhoons in the Philippines and the 2016 polls.” (2016).
Rappler, 19 March. Retrieved from
https://www.rappler.com/move-ph/issues/disasters/126001-typhoons-enter-
philippines-fast-facts

France-Presse, A. “10 Deadliest Natural Disasters in the Philippines.” (2013). Inquirer,

10 November. Retrieved from http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/524569/10-deadliest-
natural-disasters-in-the-philippines

Fourteenth Congress of the Philippines, 2009. Republic Act No. 10121, “Philippine
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010.
“http://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2010/ra_10121_2010.html

Miasco, M. B. (2017) “Disaster Preparedness now Part of School Curriculum.” The

Freeman. 31 July
http://www.philstar.com/cebu-news/2017/07/31/1723194/disaster-preparedness-
now-part-school-curriculum

"Unstructured interview. (August 2011)." United States Agency International

Development. Retrieved from
https://www.preventionweb.net/files/26081_kp1concepdisasterrisk1.pdf

Ozmen, F. (2013). "The level of preparedness of the schools for disasters from the aspect
of the school principals." diss. University of Firat. Retrieved from
https://www.preventionweb.net/files/5135_TR01EQ832-Ft.pdf

"Unstructured interview. (October 2010)." United Nations Development Program me.

Retrieved from http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/crisis
%20prevention/disaster/7Disaster%20Risk%20Reduction%20-%20Gender.pdf
 117

Tomio, J. et al. (2014). "Household and Community Disaster Preparedness in Japanese

Provincial City: A Population- Based Household Survey. " diss. University of
Tokyo. Retrieved from http://file.scirp.org/pdf/AA_2014052111101434.pdf

Mohammad- Pajooh, E. et al. (2014). "Investigating factors for disaster Preparedness

among Residents of Kuala Lumpur.” diss. Multimedia University, Malaysia.
Retrieved from
https://www.nat-hazards-earth-syst-sci-discuss.net/2/3683/2014/nhessd-2-3683-
2014-print.pdf

Onuma, H. et al. (2016). “Household preparedness for natural disasters: Impact of

Disaster experience and implication for future disaster risks in Japan.” diss.
Kyushu University. Retrieved from
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/77634/1/Preparedness_WP201611.pdf

Florano, E. R. (2013). “Roles of Community and Communal Law in disaster

Management in the Philippines: The Case Dagupan City.” diss. University of the
Philippines. Retrieved from
http://ncpag.upd.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/ROLE-OF-COMMUNITY-
AND-COMMUNAL-LAW-IN-DISASTER-MANAGEMENT-IN-THE-
PHILIPPINES-EROPA-2013-1.pdf

Viloria, L. S. et al. (2014). “Barangay Government Disaster Preparedness: The Case of

Typhoon Sendong Affected Iligan Communities.” Diss. College of Arts and
Social Sciences, Iligan City. Retrieved from http://philippinesociology.com/wp-
content/uploads/2014/08/VILORIA_BARANGAY-GOVERNMENT-
DISASTER-PREPAREDNESS_COMPLETE.pdf

Atreya, A. et al. (2016). “Adaption of Flood Preparedness Actions:A Household Level

Study in Rural Communities in Tabasco, Mexico.” diss. Wharton University of
Pennsylvania. Retrieved from
http://opim.wharton.upenn.edu/risk/library/WP2016-10-Flood-Preparedness-in-
TabascoMX.pdf

Perry, S. J. (2013). “Human Resources and Natural Disaster Preparedness is your

 118

Workplace Prepared.” diss. Iowa State University. Retrieved from

https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/indexablecontent/uuid:08d3c39b-eea2-4f8c-ae36-
adf0c919be19

Groves, S. (2013). “Knowledge, Involvement and Emergency Preparedness.” diss.

University of South Florida. Retreived from
http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5880&context=etd

APPENDICES
119
 120

APENDIX A
QUESTIONNAIRE

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region IV-A CALABARZON
Division of Batangas
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL in MALVAR

ASSESSMENT ON THE DISASTER PREPAREDNESS OF RESIDENTS IN

SELECTED AREAS AT BARANGAY POBLACION, MALVAR, BATANGAS

QUESTIONNAIRE

Part I. Profile of Respondents

Name: (Optional) __________________________________________

Age:

20-35 36-50 51-65 66-Above

Sex: Male Female

Civil Status: Single Married Separated Widow

Educational Attainment:

Elementary Level High School Level College Level

Family Monthly Income:

PhP10,000-Below PhP10,001-20,000

PhP20,001-30,000 PhP30,001-Above

Employment Status:

Employed Self-Employed Unemployed

Part II. Disaster Preparedness

 121

Directions: Please read each statement that describes the leadership

challenges that a student-leader may face. Check (/) the column that
corresponds to your answer.
Option Verbal interpretation
4 Highly Agree
3 Agree
2 Slightly Agree
1 Disagree

Individual Awareness 4 3 2 1
As an individual, I…
2.1.1 know that the Philippines is a disaster-prone country since it is
along the Pacific Ring of Fire
2.1.2 know things about the different disasters, natural or caused by
man, that may occur anytime
2.1.3 have attended emergency drill/s where I learned what to do in case
a disaster occurs
2.1.4 keep myself updated with the latest news on disasters and
calamities around the globe
2.1.5 have set contingency plans in case a disaster hits our locality (i.e.
evacuation plans, financial plans, etc.)

Household Orientation 4 3 2 1
In our family, we…
2.1.1 have set plans if in case a disaster hits our locality
2.1.2 participate in the safety drills set by the government to do during a
calamity
2.1.3 have at least one family member that could perform first aid
2.1.4 have an assembled emergency and first-aid kits and written
emergency plan.
2.1.5 keep all important documents in envelopes or organizers to be able
to get it in time in case of evacuation
 122

Community Planning 4 3 2 1
In our community…
2.1.1 the barangay officials set plans to do if in case a calamity hits the
locality
2.1.2 we address the disasters that may damage our community the most
2.1.3 we conduct regular meetings on disaster preparedness
2.1.4 we regularly check hazardous places and establishments that could
be harmful to people
2.1.5 the barangay officials have a trained rescue team that could aid the
needs of the people during times of calamities
 123

APENDIX B
COMPUTATION

————— 12-Jan-18 9:30:31 AM ————————————————————

Welcome to Minitab, press F1 for help.

One-way ANOVA: Age versus Responses

Source DF SS MS F P
Responses 30 22.815 0.761 1.30 0.160
Error 119 69.478 0.584
Total 149 92.293

S = 0.7641 R-Sq = 24.72% R-Sq(adj) = 5.74%

Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on

Pooled StDev
Level N Mean StDev ----+---------+---------+---------+-----
1.400 1 2.0000 * (------------*-----------)
1.733 1 1.0000 * (-----------*------------)
1.800 3 1.3333 0.5774 (------*------)
1.867 2 3.0000 0.0000 (--------*--------)
2.067 2 1.5000 0.7071 (--------*-------)
2.133 1 1.0000 * (-----------*------------)
2.200 4 2.2500 1.5000 (------*-----)
2.267 1 2.0000 * (------------*-----------)
2.333 3 1.3333 0.5774 (------*------)
2.467 2 3.0000 0.0000 (--------*--------)
2.533 4 2.0000 0.8165 (------*-----)
2.600 5 1.8000 1.0954 (-----*-----)
2.667 3 1.6667 1.1547 (------*------)
2.733 5 2.0000 0.7071 (-----*----)
2.800 8 1.6250 0.5175 (----*---)
2.867 9 1.8889 1.0541 (---*---)
2.933 10 1.6000 0.5164 (---*---)
3.000 24 1.8333 0.5647 (-*--)
3.067 7 1.8571 0.6901 (---*----)
3.133 3 1.3333 0.5774 (------*------)
3.200 10 1.5000 0.5270 (---*--)
3.267 6 1.6667 0.8165 (----*----)
3.333 5 2.8000 1.0954 (----*-----)
3.400 8 2.0000 0.9258 (----*---)
3.467 3 1.6667 1.1547 (------*------)
3.533 7 1.1429 0.3780 (----*---)
3.600 3 2.0000 1.0000 (-------*------)
3.667 1 1.0000 * (-----------*------------)
3.733 3 2.0000 1.0000 (-------*------)
3.800 2 1.5000 0.7071 (--------*-------)
4.000 4 1.2500 0.5000 (-----*------)
----+---------+---------+---------+-----
0.0 1.2 2.4 3.6

Pooled StDev = 0.7641

One-way ANOVA: Sex versus Responses

Source DF SS MS F P
 124

Responses 30 6.583 0.219 0.88 0.644

Error 119 29.610 0.249
Total 149 36.193

S = 0.4988 R-Sq = 18.19% R-Sq(adj) = 0.00%

One-way ANOVA: Civil Status versus Responses

Source DF SS MS F P
Responses 30 19.361 0.645 1.28 0.178
Error 119 60.112 0.505
Total 149 79.473

S = 0.7107 R-Sq = 24.36% R-Sq(adj) = 5.29%

Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on

Pooled StDev
Level N Mean StDev ---+---------+---------+---------+------
1.400 1 2.0000 * (-----------*----------)
1.733 1 1.0000 * (----------*-----------)
1.800 3 1.6667 0.5774 (------*------)
1.867 2 3.0000 1.4142 (-------*-------)
2.067 2 1.5000 0.7071 (--------*-------)
2.133 1 2.0000 * (-----------*----------)
2.200 4 1.7500 0.5000 (-----*----)
2.267 1 2.0000 * (-----------*----------)
2.333 3 1.3333 0.5774 (------*------)
2.467 2 3.0000 1.4142 (-------*-------)
2.533 4 2.5000 1.0000 (-----*-----)
2.600 5 1.4000 0.5477 (-----*----)
2.667 3 1.6667 0.5774 (------*------)
2.733 5 2.4000 0.8944 (----*----)
2.800 8 1.7500 0.4629 (----*---)
2.867 9 2.0000 0.8660 (---*---)
2.933 10 1.6000 0.6992 (--*---)
3.000 24 1.9167 0.6539 (-*-)
3.067 7 2.0000 0.8165 (----*---)
3.133 3 1.3333 0.5774 (------*------)
3.200 10 1.7000 0.6749 (---*---)
3.267 6 2.1667 0.9832 (----*----)
3.333 5 2.4000 0.8944 (----*----)
3.400 8 2.0000 0.5345 (---*---)
3.467 3 1.3333 0.5774 (------*------)
3.533 7 1.7143 0.4880 (---*----)
3.600 3 1.6667 0.5774 (------*------)
3.667 1 1.0000 * (----------*-----------)
3.733 3 1.3333 0.5774 (------*------)
3.800 2 1.5000 0.7071 (--------*-------)
4.000 4 1.5000 0.5774 (-----*----)
---+---------+---------+---------+------
0.0 1.2 2.4 3.6

Pooled StDev = 0.7107

One-way ANOVA: Educational Attainment versus Responses

Source DF SS MS F P
Responses 30 15.878 0.529 1.22 0.221
Error 119 51.456 0.432
Total 149 67.333
S = 0.6576 R-Sq = 23.58% R-Sq(adj) = 4.32%
 125

Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on

Pooled StDev
Level N Mean StDev ---+---------+---------+---------+------
1.400 1 2.0000 * (----------*----------)
1.733 1 2.0000 * (----------*----------)
1.800 3 1.6667 0.5774 (-----*-----)
1.867 2 2.0000 0.0000 (-------*------)
2.067 2 1.5000 0.7071 (-------*------)
2.133 1 1.0000 * (----------*----------)
2.200 4 2.0000 0.0000 (-----*----)
2.267 1 1.0000 * (----------*----------)
2.333 3 2.0000 0.0000 (------*-----)
2.467 2 1.0000 0.0000 (------*-------)
2.533 4 1.7500 0.9574 (-----*----)
2.600 5 1.8000 0.8367 (----*----)
2.667 3 1.6667 0.5774 (-----*-----)
2.733 5 2.0000 0.7071 (----*----)
2.800 8 2.1250 0.8345 (---*---)
2.867 9 2.5556 0.7265 (--*---)
2.933 10 2.0000 0.6667 (---*--)
3.000 24 2.1250 0.6797 (--*-)
3.067 7 2.0000 0.5774 (---*---)
3.133 3 2.6667 0.5774 (-----*-----)
3.200 10 2.1000 0.5676 (---*--)
3.267 6 2.0000 0.6325 (----*---)
3.333 5 2.4000 0.5477 (----*----)
3.400 8 1.7500 0.7071 (---*--)
3.467 3 2.3333 0.5774 (-----*------)
3.533 7 2.0000 0.0000 (---*---)
3.600 3 2.6667 0.5774 (-----*-----)
3.667 1 3.0000 * (----------*----------)
3.733 3 2.0000 1.0000 (------*-----)
3.800 2 3.0000 0.0000 (-------*-------)
4.000 4 2.2500 0.9574 (-----*----)
---+---------+---------+---------+------
0.0 1.2 2.4 3.6

Pooled StDev = 0.6576

One-way ANOVA: Family Monthly Income versus Responses

Source DF SS MS F P
Responses 30 26.593 0.886 1.45 0.084
Error 118 72.172 0.612
Total 148 98.765

S = 0.7821 R-Sq = 26.93% R-Sq(adj) = 8.35%

Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on

Pooled StDev
Level N Mean StDev ----+---------+---------+---------+-----
1.400 1 1.0000 * (----------*---------)
1.733 1 1.0000 * (----------*---------)
1.800 3 1.0000 0.0000 (-----*-----)
1.867 2 1.5000 0.7071 (------*------)
2.067 2 1.0000 0.0000 (-------*------)
2.133 1 1.0000 * (----------*---------)
2.200 4 1.0000 0.0000 (----*----)
 126

2.267 1 1.0000 * (----------*---------)

2.333 3 1.0000 0.0000 (-----*-----)
2.467 2 1.0000 0.0000 (-------*------)
2.533 4 1.2500 0.5000 (----*----)
2.600 5 1.4000 0.5477 (---*----)
2.667 3 1.3333 0.5774 (-----*-----)
2.733 5 1.8000 1.0954 (----*----)
2.800 7 1.7143 1.2536 (--*---)
2.867 9 1.1111 0.3333 (--*---)
2.933 10 1.1000 0.3162 (--*---)
3.000 24 1.8333 1.0495 (-*-)
3.067 7 2.1429 1.0690 (---*---)
3.133 3 2.6667 1.1547 (-----*-----)
3.200 10 2.0000 0.6667 (--*---)
3.267 6 1.1667 0.4082 (---*---)
3.333 5 1.8000 0.8367 (----*----)
3.400 8 1.2500 0.4629 (--*---)
3.467 3 2.0000 1.0000 (-----*-----)
3.533 7 1.4286 0.5345 (---*--)
3.600 3 1.6667 0.5774 (-----*-----)
3.667 1 3.0000 * (---------*---------)
3.733 3 1.3333 0.5774 (-----*-----)
3.800 2 2.0000 1.4142 (------*-------)
4.000 4 2.0000 0.8165 (----*----)
----+---------+---------+---------+-----
0.0 1.5 3.0 4.5

Pooled StDev = 0.7821

One-way ANOVA: Employment Status versus Responses

Source DF SS MS F P
Responses 30 15.924 0.531 1.02 0.453
Error 119 62.076 0.522
Total 149 78.000

S = 0.7223 R-Sq = 20.42% R-Sq(adj) = 0.35%

Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on

Pooled StDev
Level N Mean StDev ---+---------+---------+---------+------
1.400 1 3.0000 * (---------*---------)
1.733 1 2.0000 * (--------*---------)
1.800 3 1.6667 0.5774 (----*-----)
1.867 2 2.0000 1.4142 (-----*------)
2.067 2 1.0000 0.0000 (------*-----)
2.133 1 1.0000 * (---------*--------)
2.200 4 2.7500 0.5000 (---*----)
2.267 1 2.0000 * (--------*---------)
2.333 3 2.3333 0.5774 (-----*----)
2.467 2 3.0000 0.0000 (------*------)
2.533 4 2.0000 0.8165 (---*----)
2.600 5 1.8000 0.8367 (---*---)
2.667 3 2.0000 1.0000 (----*-----)
2.733 5 2.0000 1.0000 (---*----)
2.800 8 1.8750 0.8345 (---*--)
2.867 9 2.2222 0.6667 (--*--)
2.933 10 1.8000 0.6325 (--*--)
3.000 24 1.8333 0.7020 (-*-)
3.067 7 1.7143 0.7559 (--*---)
 127

3.133 3 1.3333 0.5774 (-----*----)

3.200 10 2.2000 0.7888 (--*--)
3.267 6 2.0000 0.0000 (---*---)
3.333 5 1.8000 0.4472 (---*---)
3.400 8 2.5000 0.7559 (---*--)
3.467 3 2.0000 1.0000 (----*-----)
3.533 7 2.0000 0.8165 (--*---)
3.600 3 2.3333 0.5774 (-----*----)
3.667 1 2.0000 * (--------*---------)
3.733 3 2.3333 0.5774 (-----*----)
3.800 2 2.0000 0.0000 (-----*------)
4.000 4 2.0000 0.8165 (---*----)
---+---------+---------+---------+------
0.0 1.5 3.0 4.5

Pooled StDev = 0.7223

 128

ALL MEMBER’S RESUME HERE