Categories Primary Source Secondary Source

Memoirs of a General by Revolt of the Masses by

Santiago Alvarez a.k.a Teodoro Agoncillo
Gen. Apoy

Santiago Alvarez was an Born on November 9, 1912,and

active Katipunan member. died on January 14, 1985.
Author’s Background He was already a delegate Teodora Agoncillo was one of
general of the Katipunan's the pre-eminent Filipino
provincial council in Cavite historians of the 20th century
(He became the captain-
general and after, the
commander-in-chief of the
Magdiwang forces). He
was dubbed "Kidlat ng
Apoy" due to his fervent
courage and commitment
as leader of the Cavities'
memorable fight.

a direct participant in the To Relive the past into the

event and he wrote his present based on what the
Objective of the experiences and author has seen or
author observations on ordinary experienced(known and
paper reasons why this researched)
book exists.(It was set to
retell the story of an event
in a factual state)

The Ateneo de Manila Written in 1947 as an entry in a

University published National Bonifacio Biography
Date written or Santiago V. Alvarez's book but it was published in 1956
published in 1992, and it was
reissued in 1996.

Tejeros Assembly was ● Bonifacio accepted the

held on March 25, 1897. presidency in December
Mention of dates 1896. request in the third
On March 26, 1897, invitation
Magdalo President ● Bonifacio wrote from San
Baldomero Aguinaldo Juan Capistrano on
 January 2, 1897.
convened another
conference, but only
Magdiwang leaders
attended. ● Francisco de Malabon to
his uncle-in-law Mario
On March 27, 1897, Alvarez
eyewitnesses reported a
gathering at the Tanza
parish house. ● April 1897 > Spaniards
conquer Malabon

● Aguinaldo's birthdate was

March 22, 1897.

(Friar State Estate House of Tejeros –

House)Tejeros – the where the assembly was held
Mention of places location/venue of the
assembly convened. Cavite – where the Katipunan
comes at 2 factions; Magdalo
Tanza parish house - and Magdiwang
where the rumored
Magdalo leaders' meeting San Francisco de Malabon
including the oath-taking Santa Cruz de Malabon/Town
ceremony to take place of Tanza
San Francisco de Mountains of Montalban and
Malabon Mariquina
Zapote – where Emilio
Aguinaldo, Candido Tirona, and
Edilberto Evangelista will meet
Andres Bonifacio
Talisay, Batangas – where
Magdalo leaders reside
Nasugbu, Tuwi, Look – where
Magdiwang leaders reside
Imus, Cavite – where Magdalo
and Magdiwang decided to have
an assembly
Noveleta- where andres
bonifacio stayed and later on
 conquered

Magdiwang Factions of Katipunan, Magdalo

and Magdiwang set to unite for
Key Personalities ● Secretary Jacinto an election of supreme council
● Lumbreras of the
Magdiwang Council Silent conflict led to a contest
● Supremo Andres
Bonifacio of better faction that is fitted
● Ariston Villanueva - to rule their territory.
Secretary of War of
Magdiwang A delegate was sent out to
● Mariano Trias
● Diego Mojica invite and inform Andres
● Emiliano de Dios Bonifacio in the mountains of
● Santiago Alvarez
(General Montalban and Mariquina for
● Apoy)
the purpose of mediating the
● Artemio Ricarte
(General two factions.
● Vibora)
● Santos Nocon Andres Bonafacio was
● Luciano San
brought by the rebel leaders
Miguel
● Pablo Mojica at Imus. He orders to be
● Severino de las
Alas obeyed by all. At this time, he
● Santiago Rillo
wrote a letter to his uncle-inlaw
about what happened in
the Magdalo area.
Andres Bonifacio was invited
to the demonstration of the
Magdiwang rebels in
Noveleta and a parade took
place.
Polavieja’s counter-offensive
led to the fall of several towns
that were previously held by the
rebels, due to this, both
fractions believe that they
 should come

* Magdiwang and The Katipunan of Cavite divided

Magdalo's council into two factions, the
Sequencing of Magdiwang and Magdalo. Each
events Tejeros was where the faction has its own men to
assembly was held. administer the government and
25th of March, 1897 both exercised sovereign power
over a number of towns
Ariston Villanueva,
Secretary of War Both groups were responsible
for the rebel victories, neither
obtained sensitive would bow to the other nor allow
information itself to be placed under its rival
command
Daniel Tirona planned to
destabilize the The situation led the Magdiwang
men to invite Andres Bonifacio
assembly. to visit Cavite and intervene in
* Chairman Lumbreras the conflict
formally opened the Bonifacio was brought by the
gathering to remind rebel leader to the house of
everyone to comply and Juan Castañeda in Imus

Observe the convention's The topic regarding the

outcomes formation of new government
was opened again that cause
* Mr. Severino de las Alas heated argument to rise.
objected, saying
Bonifacio took the chair and
The sun and the letter K said that election will set in
on the flag did motion through the wants of
majority.
not specify whether or if
the government Emilio Aguinaldo was elected as
President and Severino de las
whether it was democratic Alas suggested that Bonifacio
or not, and Mr. take the title as Vice President
Montenegro stepped up in but no one approved so the
his defense. election continue.

* Those statements hurt Bonifacio was elected as

General Apoy. Director of Interior but Daniel
Tirona objected.
As a result, he directed
that Mr. Montenegro be Bonifacio wrote a letter to his
uncle in law and his friend
 arrested. Emilio Jacinto to explain his
side.
However, Dr. Jose Rizal's
sister begged her not to.

This account is a primary This account is a secondary

source and was written on source and was written years
Differences between the same date that the ago after the convention
the two accounts event happened. happened and is based on the
records and not direct witnesses
Narrated straightforwardly
by Alvarez, who is present The source of Teodoro
at the same story Agoncillo tells about the
purpose of why they had a
convention

They have their own This lack some evidence that

research and views of could be primary source
Probable reason why each side differently but
the differences has some similar views

Thematic motivation
of authors (Why the
Tejeros meeting
failed?)

1. What are common with the two documents?

2. What are the differences?

3. Based on the two documents what characteristics do primary sources have?

4. What characteristics do secondary sources have?