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Geo Report Methodology

Standard Penetration Test (SPT) involves driving a split-spoon sampler into the soil using a 63.5 kg hammer dropped from a height of 0.76m. The number of blows required for each 0.15m penetration is recorded and used to classify soil consistency or density. Rock coring uses a hollow barrel to recover cylindrical rock core samples, which provide information on rock type, quality, recovery percentage, and hardness used in geological assessments. Laboratory tests like tri-axial tests are also used to determine soil properties like shear strength.

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45 views

Geo Report Methodology

Standard Penetration Test (SPT) involves driving a split-spoon sampler into the soil using a 63.5 kg hammer dropped from a height of 0.76m. The number of blows required for each 0.15m penetration is recorded and used to classify soil consistency or density. Rock coring uses a hollow barrel to recover cylindrical rock core samples, which provide information on rock type, quality, recovery percentage, and hardness used in geological assessments. Laboratory tests like tri-axial tests are also used to determine soil properties like shear strength.

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kharry8david
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Split – Spoon Sampling

Split – spoon sampler shall be used in Standard Penetration Test. This sampler is
generally used when the soil is cohesionless and granular in nature and in cohesive soils where
disturbed samples are satisfactory for basic evaluations. The split spoon sampler is a tube split
into two equal halves lengthwise. The two halves are locked together during the sampling
activities and released to retrieve the samples. At bottom end of the sampler sits a driving shoe.
This is what cuts into the soil and provides the sample that goes up into the tube. At the other end
of the tube is a coupling that allows it to connect to the drilling rod. Once a sample is taken, the
operator removes the ends from the tube. This allows the tube to “split” open. Representative
samples can be taken and sealed with a meter of stretch wrap and placed on a corebox for
transport to a lab for analysis.

Standard Penetration Test

Standard Penetration Test (AASHTO T 206) The probable shear


strength and bearing capacity is determined because SPT indicates that the blow
count correlates with the variable density and/or consistency of the material being
penetrated. The results of this test shall only be used to describe the clayey and
granular soil consistency. This test can be used in the field in conjunction with the
unconfined compression test when sampling clays.

Equipment and accessories used:

 Drilling Equipment.
 Split-barrel sampler. The sampler having 685.50mm long and
50.80mm wide with an inside diameter of 34.90mm. The coupling
head having four 12.70mm (minimum diameter) vent ports and contain
check valve.
 Drive weight assembly. The assembly consist of a 63.50kg weight, a
driving head, and a guide permitting a free fall of 0.762m
 Accessory equipment. Labels, data sheets, sample jars, paraffin, and
other necessary supplies accompany the sampling equipment.
 AASHTO T 206 recommends driving the sampler three 0.15m
increments (or 100 blows, whichever occur first). With the sum of the
last two increments being the Standard Penetration Count of Blow
count or N, and the first 0.152m increment being considered as
seating.

Table 2.1.1 Consistency Classification for Fined-Grained Soils


(Terzaghi, Peck & Mesri, 1996 and U.S. Navy, 1982)

Classification SPT N-blows Undrained Shear Strength,


Su(kPa)
Very Soft 0-1 <10
Soft 2-4 10-20
Medium Stiff 5-8 20-50
Stiff 9-15 50-100
Very Stiff 16-30 100-200
Hard 31-60 200-400
Very Hard >60 >400

Table 2.1.2 Consistency Classification for Coarse-Grained Soils


(Terzaghi, Peck & Mesri, 1996 and U.S. Navy, 1982)

Classification SPT N-blows Relative Density, Dr (%)


Very Loose 0-4 0-15
Loose 5-10 15-35
Medium Dense 11-24 36-65
Dense 25-50 65-85
Very Dense >51 85-100
Den

Rock Sampling / Coring

When rock formation is encountered, coring shall be performed using at least NQ core-
size barrel. The logger shall conduct visual identification and classification of soil or rock core
samples recovered from sampling or diamond drilling. The coring recovers a cylindrical core of
rock by rotating and advancing the hollow core barrel. The rock samples provide significant
information about the engineering nature of the rock formation.  Some important properties
obtained from the rock coring are the type of rock, Rock Quality Designation (RQD), percent
recovery and hardness/soundness of the rock. The easiest way to characterize the amount of
material recovered during rock coring is to calculate “core recovery” as the length of material
divided by the total length of the core run.
Tri-axial Test

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