NSTP

National Service Training Program

Pamantasang Mahal
Official hymn of the Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila

Pamantasan, Pamantasang Mahal

Nagpupugay kami't nag-aalay
Ng Pag-ibig, taos na paggalang
Sa patnubay ng aming isipan.

Karunungang tungo'y kaunlaran

Hinuhubog kaming kabataan
Maging Pilipinong mero'ng dangal
Puso'y tigib ng kadakilaan.

Pamantasang Lungsod ng Maynila

Kaming lahat dito'y iyong punla
Tutuparin pangarap mo't nasa
Pamantasan kami'y nanunumpa.
Pamantasan kami'y nanunumpa.

Vision
Guided by academic excellence, integrity, and social responsibility PLM is
committed to pursue the principles of "Karunungan, Kaunlaran, Kadakilaan."

Mission
The PLM Board of Regents, Management, Faculty, and Staff are committed:

• To be recognized by the Philippines and ASEAN academic accrediting

agencies as a premier university for its quality education, research, and
extension services;
• To ensure that PLM maintains a higher than the national average
performance in all professional licensure examinations taken by its
graduates; and
• To continue to provide the students with an education that will give them
a competitive advantage for employment opportunities.

Objectives
PLM's Goals and Objectives for the next 5 years
 • To secure national and ASEAN accreditation of all its academic courses
and programs, and its administrative systems; and ensure compliance
with, and enforcement of all other pertinent and relevant laws, rules and
regulations of the country;
• To establish and maintain physical facilities that are safe, secure, and
conducive to learning, as well as promote everyone's well-being;
• To provide access to the best books, journals, and learning materials
through the use of digital technology;
• To implement faculty development programs for the continuous
upgrading of faculty competencies and skills;
• To improve administrative systems through the computerization of
databases and all university records to upgrade the financial, personnel,
and academic records, transactions and processes;
• To efficiently manage the resources of the University through the
institution of proper controls in all University processes; and
• To generate resources needed for the continuous modernization of
physical facilities, laboratories, library, faculty development, and
research initiatives.

PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION
Constitution
– basic principles & laws of a nation, state, or social group
– fundamental laws of the land
=> for unity, governance, peace and order <=
6 Constitutions
• 1899 Malolos Constitution
• 1935 Constitution - Manuel Quezon
• 1943 Constitution - Japanese Occupation
• 1973 Constitution - Martial Law
• 1986 Provisional "Freedom" Constitution - Temporary Constitution
• 1987 PH Constitution - Cory Aquino
· drafted for 133 days
· 48 members from diff. sectors
· Constitutional Commission – ratified by the people in a
plebiscite held on February 2, 1987
Preamble
– Introductory part
– describes the purpose, goal of the constitution/statute
– declaration of what kind of gov't we want to establish, and what kind
of commitment we want to give to our nation

We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order
to build a just and humane society, and establish a Government that shall
 embody our ideals and aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and
develop our patrimony, and secure to ourselves and our posterity, the
blessings of independence and democracy under the rule of law and a regime
of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace, do ordain and promulgate
this Constitution.

Articles and Sections

I.National Territory – land, sea, air (country’s territory)
II.Declaration of Principles and State Policies
Sec. 4: serve and protect the people.
people to defend the state: render personal, military or civil
service
Sec 13: recognizes the role of the youth
—> promote their well-being, inculcate patriotism and nationalism
(involvement in public & civic affairs)
III. Bill of Rights
Sec. 1: due process (no one should be denied the equal protection of
laws)
Sec. 4: Freedom of Speech (no law shall be passed abridging this)
Sec. 6: The liberty of abode (housing)
• moving should be lawful
• Right to travel – never impaired except in the interest of nat'l
security, public safety or public health (ex. We Heal As One)
IV. Citizenship – criteria on how to be Filipino (natural/naturalized)
V.Suffrage – Right to vote
VI.Legislative Dept – Congress and Senate
VII.Executive Dept – Presidential Office
VIII.Judicial Dept – Judiciary System (Supreme Court)
IX.Constitutional Commissions
• Civil Service Commission- work under government
• Commission on Elections – manage, handle the electoral sys.
• Commission on Audit – check and balances in gov't
X. Local Gov't – territorial and political division of PH: provinces, cities,
municipalities, barangays
XI.Accountability of the Public Officers
Sec. 1: Public Office is a public trust – responsibility, integrity, loyalty &
efficiency; act w/ patriotism or justice and lead modest lives
• impeachment process
• Sandiganbayan – Office of the Ombudsman
XII. Nat'l Economy & Patrimony – roles and responsibilities of the gov't
in terms of handling the economic status of the country
XIII.Social Justice & Human Rights
Sec. 1: Congress shall give highest priority to the enactment of
measures that protect and enhance the right of all the people to human
 dignity, reduce social, economic & political inequalities, and remove
cultural inequities by equitably diffusing wealth & political power for the
common good
—> reduce, eliminate inequalities to our society
XIV. Educ, Science, Tech, Arts, Culture and Sports –> DepEd
XV.The Family – reflects how Filipinos value the importance of of family (basic
unit of society)
XVI.General Provisions
XVII.Amendments or Revisions
XVIII.Transitory Provisions

Ordinance
– creation of political boundaries of the diff. regions, cities, municipalities and
districts

Members of the Constitutional Commission

– list of names who contributed in the drafting of the consti. (48 members)
—> came from diff. sectors (religions, NGOs, Academe, politics, economic,
business, etc.

UN PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN RIGHTS

UN:
Human Rights are universal and inalienable, indivisible, interdependent and
interrelated
–they apply to all equally and all have the right to participate in decisions that
affect their lives. They are upheld by the rule of law and strengthened thru
legitimate claims for duty-bearers to be accountable to int'l standards.
Universality & Inalienability
Universal Declaration of HR, Article I
ALL HUMAN BEINGS: born free and equal in dignity & rights
Indivisibility
–inherent to the dignity of every human/person
–equal status and cannot be positioned in a hierarchical order
Interdependence & Interrelatedness
–each one contributes to the realization of a person's human dignity —
> developmental, physical, psychological and spiritual needs
=>connection from other human rights
Equality & Non-discrimination
–no one should suffer discrimination: race, color, ethnicity, gender, age,
language, sexual orientation, religion, political/oter opinion, nat'l, social
or geographical origin, disability, property, birth (example: black lives
matter, DDS–Dilawan, LGBTQA+)
 Participation & Inclusion
–high degree of participation by communities, civil society, minorities,
women, young people, indigenous people and others
Accountability & Rule of Law
–individuals, media, civil society & int'l community—holding gov't
accountable for their obligation to uphold human rights
Conclusion:
–we all have rights
–we are all equal & should treat e/o with respect, empathy & love
–know more about HR & exercise them w/ prudence (knowing what is right &
wrong)
–we are all one race — HUMAN RACE

FLAG AND HERALDIC CODE

R.A. 8491 s. 1998
Sec. 1: Flag and Heraldic Code of the PH
Sec. 2: DECLARATION OF POLICY
–reverence and respect shall at all times be accorded to the flag,
anthem & nat'l symbols
–pride in their native land —> fitting respect & affection for the
nat'l flag & anthem, nat'l motto, coat-of-arms & others
Sec. 4: The flag should be blue, white and red w/ 8-rayed golden-yellow sun
and 3 five-pointed stars, as consecrated and honored by the people
Sec. 5: Flag shall be displayed in all public bldgs, official residences, public
plazas, institutions of learning (everyday)
Sec. 6: Flag–permanently hoisted day & night:
• Malacañang Palace
• Congress-Senate
• Supreme Court
• Rizal Park
• Aguinaldo Shrine
• Barosoin Church
• Libingan ng mga Bayani
• Tombs of Fallen Soldiers (unidentified)
• Points of Entry (ex. ports)
—>illuminated at night
Sec.7: Flag displayed on the ff. dates:
• Apr 9 (Araw ng Kagitingan)
• May 1 (Labor Day)
• May 28 (Nat'l Flag Day)
• June 12 (Independence Day)
• Last Sun of Aug (Nat'l Heroes Day)
• Nov 30 (Bonifacio Day)
• Dec 30 (Rizal Day)
 • Others declared by Pres of local chief executives
– if displayed all year round, flag raising ceremony should be
observed
Sec. 10:
At peace

At war

Sec. 14: WORN OUT FLAG–throw away, solemnly burned to avoid misuse &
desecration
Sec. 18: All gov't offices & educ institutions
Flag raising–Monday morn
Lowering–Friday afternoon
=>include the anthem
Sec. 23: Half-mast flag as a sign of mourning
• Former/Pres – 10 days
• VP, Chief Justice, Pres of Senate, Speaker of the House of Rep –
7 days
Sec. 34: Prohibitions
• mutilate, deface, defile, trample on or cast contempt
• dip the flag to any person/object by way of compliment/salute
• Use as:
o Drapery, festoon, tablecloth
o Covering for ceiling, walls, statues, others
o Pennant in the hood, side back and top of motors
o Staff/whip
 o Unveiling monuments/statues
o Trademarks for industrial/commercial/agricultural labels or
designs
• display the flag:
o Under any painting
o Horizontally face up
o Below any platform
o Discotheques, cockpits, night & day clubs, casino, gambling
joints & places of vice/frivolity
• Wear the flag in whole/part as a costume or uniform
• Add any word, figure, mark, pic, design, drawing, ads, imprint of
any nature
• Print/paint/attach flag on handkerchiefs, napkins, cushions,
others
• Display in public any foreign flag except embassies/diplomatic
establishments/offices or int'l org
• Use/display/be part of any ads or infomercial
• Display in front of bldgs/offices occupied by aliens
Sec. 35: Lupang Hinirang
Sec. 37: Rendition of Nat'l Anthem—in accordance w/ the musical
arrangement and composition of Julian Felipe
Sec. 38: Stand attention and face the flag (to show respect). If none, face the
band/constructor. Right palm over left chest
Sec. 40: Nat'l Motto — Maka-Diyos, Maka-tao, Maka-kalikasan, Maka-bansa
Sec. 50: Penalties– Php 5,000-20,000 / imprisonment for it more than 1 year

THE GOOD CITIZENSHIP VALUES

PREAMBLE & SEC. 40 OF RA 8491
–embedded in Preamble => realization
–stipulated in RA 8491, Sec. 40

Maka-Diyos
Faith in the Almighty God–He will guide us in the right direction
Respect for Life–own and others. Do not harm & give violence, protect one
another from destruction
Order–adherence to discipline (discipline mind and body-for decisions and
actions)
—>peace and order
Work–Khalil Gibran, The Prophet (Knopf, 1923)
Concern for fam & future gen–culture: value for family. We honor our family
by honoring our nation "sa isip, sa salita at sa gawa."
Maka-tao
Love–Golden Rule by Confucius
Freedom–linked to responsibility: freedom to think & act that will lead us to
consequences (be responsible)
Peace–be a peacemaker. Start w/ yourself & radicate to the people around
you
Truth–this always prevails. Be on that side rather than be sorry
Justice–give credit to where credit is due
Makakalikasan
Concern for env–participate in rehabilitation
• Proper waste disposal/garbage segregation
• Conserve energy—earth hour
• Lessen carbon monoxide emissions
• Protect marine life
• Plant more trees
Makabansa
Unity–pagkakaisa => betterment of our nation
Equality–rights, opportunities and protection from law
Respect for law and Govt's rule of law–recognize and uphold laws
Patriotism–love and be proud of the PH
Common Good–aim for the good of the public

VOTER CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION

The Right to Suffrage
–human right to vote
–PH: indicated in 3 documents:
• Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)
• Intn'l Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
• 1987 PH Consti
–call for 3 things:
• Universality of the right
• Equality in access to public service
• Secrecy of votes
When?
–exercised during elections
–citizen-voters—FREE & INFORMED CHOICE on whom to vote
–your choice will determine the kind of gov't that will serve the country
–should be expressed in a clean, honest election
Who is qualified?
–PH citizen
–18 yrs old and up
–resident of PH: 1 year; city/municipality: 6 mos. before election
–not disqualified by law
Overseas Absentee Voting
 –PH citizen abroad
–18 yrs old and up
–immigrants
–permanent residents w/ affidavit of intent to resume residence in PH
Who is disqualified?
–person sentenced to be imprisoned (≥1 year)
–committed rebellion, sedition, violation of the anti-subversion/firearms laws,
any crime against nat'l security/involving disloyalty to gov't
–insane/imcompetent persons
Overseas Disqualification
–lost PH citizenship
–renounced PH citizenship & pledges allegiance to another country
–guilty of disloyalty (under Article 137-Revised Penal Code)
–immigrants w/o affidavit of intent to resume residence in PH
How do we vote? (Based on 2003 research)
• Public Servant Img
• Political Machinery
• Popularity
• Endorsement of Network and orgs

Action Point for Citizen–voters

Before Elections
• Register
• Be informed: issues, platforms & personalities of candidates
• Set guidelines:
o Social affiliations & interest
o Competence
o Lifestyle
o Performance record
• Conduct/participate in public debates
During
• Vote accdng to your conscience
• Protect integrity from undue influence
• Volunteer in orgs that work for clean & peaceful elections
• Watch out for instances of cheating—>inform proper authorities
Post-elections
• Be vigilant in the counting & canvassing of votes
• Attend consultations & public hearings in the local social bodies
• Legislative advocacy process where citizens talk w/ lawmakers to ensure
the concerns and welfare of gen. public are included in law making
• Engage in making views known to elected reps; support a political party,
candidate, party list; support initiatives of NGOs for honest & peaceful
elections; run for office
DRUG EDUCATION
LAWS RELEVANT TO DRUG EDUC
RA 6425
–The Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972
–approved Mar 30, 1977 by Pres Ferdinand Marcos
RA 9165
–Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 —> repealing RA 6425
–approved June 7, 2002 by Pres GMA
–safeguard the integrity of its territory and the well being of the citizen
(specially the youth) from the harmful effects of dangerous drugs on the
physical & mental well being
–defend the same against acts or omissions detrimental to their dev't &
preservation

TOTAL OF CURRENT DRUG USERS IN PH

Dangerous Drugs Board (DDB)–gov't agency mandated to formulate policies
on illegal drugs
• 1.8M current users
• 4.8M reported having used drugs at least once
—> manifested in the significant no. of drug-cleared brgys
4,922 - 2018
• 5,077 - 2017
Brgy Drug Affectation–depicts the level/extent of drug prob in a brgy
As of Dec 2018, 22,041 (52.42%) of 42,045 brgys are drug-
affected

Profile of Drug Abusers (Facility Based)

2019-2017
• Age: ave. 32 yrs old
• Sex: (M:F) 9:1
• Civil Stat: Single (51.20%)
• Stat of Employment: Unemployed (50.06%)
• Educ attainment: HS Level (28.14%)
• Economic Stat: ave. Php 11,265.10
• Place of residence: urban (NCR- 4.81%)
• Duration of use: > 6 yrs
• Nature of taking: mono drug use (1 only)
• Drugs/substance of abuse: methamphetamine (shabu); cannabis
(marijuana); contact cement (rugby)

PLM Student Manual

Sec. 2 Gen Rules of Discipline, C. Grave Offenses
5. ALCOHOL/DRUGS
1st offense: 14-25 days suspension
2nd offense: 26 days–non-readmission/exclusion

FACTS & THEIR EFFECTS

New Psychoactive Substances (NPS)–known as: designer drugs, legal highs,
herbal highs, bath salts, research chemicals, laboratory reagents
Drugs
–any substance that prevents/cure diseases / enhances physical/mental
welfare
–any chem agent that alters the biochemical/physiological processes of
tissues/organisms

1. Legal Drugs–prescribed and OTC drugs

2. Illegal Drugs
• psychoactive subs
o Modify a person's perception, mood, cognition, behavior or
motor functions
• Substance abuse
o Harmful use of psychoactive subs including alcohol & other
drugs (AOD)
o sustained use of psychoactive subs can lead to dependence
syndrome (cluster of behavioral, cognitive & physiological
phenomena)

UNDERSTANDING DRUG DEPENDENCE

• Strong desire to consume drugs
• Difficulty controlling its use
• Persistent use despite detrimental effects
• Preference to use drugs than other activities
• Increasing tolerance to the drug used

ADDICTION IS PROGRESSIVE
w/o intervention/treatment, it can cause disability or death

Common Signs
–Changes in attendance (school/work)
–Irritable, discourteous, aggressive
–Blames everybody but oneself
–Poor phys appearance
–Wearing of sunglasses at inappropriate times
–Stealing items which can be readily sold
–Unusual borrowing of money from relatives/friends
–Association w/ known drug abuser

MOST ABUSED DRUGS

(based on PDEA's intelligence & drug-related arrests
1. Methamphetamine (shabu)
• Shabs, s, bato
• Snorted
• Effects: tachycardia, hypertension, atrial & ventricular
arrhythmia, chest pain, accelerated atherosclerosis, dyspnea,
edema, abscess, cellulitis, seizures, hypotension, dental caries,
periodontal abscess (meth mouth), pupillary dildilation
2. Cannabis Sativa (marijuana)
• Grass, pot, reefer, weed
• Smoked; baked into brownies; brewed like tea
• Effects: impairs memory, concentration, perception & movement
3. Methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA) (ecstasy)
• X, molly, happy drug, love drug
• Orally in pill
• Effects: increased heart rate, blood pressure & body temperature,
dehydration, nausea, muscle cramping, involuntary teeth
clenching, blurred vision, chills, sweating

How to avoid?
• UNDERSTAND how it develops
• GET HELP
• AVOID TEMPTATION - peer pressure
• FIND SUPPORT
• MAINTAIN physical & mental wellness
• USE DRUGS PROPERLY
• DEVELOP potentials
• COMMUNICATE - issues & concerns
• LEARN HOW TO COPE
• SEEK PROFESSIONAL HELP
• DEVELOP strong moral & spiritual foundations

EFFECTS
• People
1. Medical & Physical Deterioration
2. Personal Deterioration
3. Mental Deterioration
4. Spiritual Deterioration
• Family
o Fam members develop intense humiliation & guilt
 o Low self-esteem
o Broken spirit of togetherness/unity
o Domestic violence
o Loss of money/valuables
• Community
o Increase in petty crimes
o Increase of drug dependents & users
o Developing fear of users among residents, especially at night
o Reduced neighborhood association & interaction
• Society
o Increase in heinous & anti-social crimes
o Overwhelming fear towards drug dependents
—> limits people's movements
• Disregarding of moral values & deterioration of moral fiber of society
(prostitution, pedophilia, child abuse & other immoral acts)
• Threat to nat'l security

DRUG TREATMENT
Withdrawal Mng. (WM)
–medical & psychological care of patients who are experiencing withdrawal
symptoms (result of ceasing/reducing use of drug)
Detoxification
–process of expelling toxins & substances from the body and suppressing
withdrawal symptoms
Rehabilitation Program
–sets of medical/psycho-therapeutic treatment for dependency on
psychoactive substances (alcohol, prescription drugs, street drugs — cocaine,
heroin or amphetamines)
Out-patient treatment
–drug dependency treatment where the patient is not admitted to the
hospital/facility
Residential Rehab
–treatment programs in residential settings
DISASTER AWARENESS PREPAREDNESS MANAGEMENT
RA 10121
• PH Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010
• Act strengthening PH DRRM system
o Providing NDRRM Framework
o Institutionalizing NDRRM Plan
o Appropriating funds
• Signed on May 27, 2010
• Approved IRR on Sept 27, 2010
Adaptation– adjustment in natural/human systems brought by calamities and
its effect (moderates harm/exploits beneficial opportunities)
Disaster– may be natural or man-made; serious disruption of
community/society functions (man, material, economic, environmental losses
& impacts)—exceeds the capacity to cope with available resources
Disaster Prevention– avoidance of hazard/disaster impacts (concept and
intention) e.g: construction of dams, embankments, seismic engineering
design, among others
Disaster Risk Reduction– (concept & practice) reducing disaster risk thru
systematic efforts
• Analyze & manage causal disaster factors
o Reduce exposure to hazards
o Lessen vulnerability (people & property)
o Wise management (land & env)
o Improve preparedness to adverse events
Early Warning System– set of capacities needed to generate and disseminate
timely and meaningful warning info (to prepare and act accordingly)
Hazard– dangerous phenomenon/substance/human activity/condition that
cause negative impacts (life loss, economic disruption, property damage,
injury, etc.)
Mitigation– structural and non-structural measure to limit impact of hazards
Preparedness– pre-disaster actions/measures (community planning,
organizing, training, hazard mapping, public info, etc.)
Response– any concerted effort of 2 or more agencies (public/private) to
provide assistance/intervention during or immediately after a disaster
Risk– probability of an event and its negative consequences
Risk assessment– methodology to determine the nature and extent of risk
State of calamity– a condition after a hazard occurs that involves:
• Mass casualty
• Major damages to properly
• Disruption in livelihood, roads & normal way of life
Vulnerability– characteristics/circumstances of a community/system/ asset
that makes it susceptible to a hazard's damages
Vulnerable and Marginalized Groups–those that face higher exposure to
disaster risk and policy

Salient provision of the PDRRM law (RA10121)

1. Sec. 5 Creation of Nat'l Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
Council (NDRRMC)
2. Sec. 8 Office of Civil Defense (OCD) shall have the primary mission of
administering a comprehensive nat'l civil defense and drrm by providing
leadership in the dev. of strategic & systematic approaches/measures to
reduce vulnerabilities and risks
3. Sec. 10 Creation of Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
Council (RDRRMC)
4. Sec. 11 organization at Local Govt Level.
5. Sec. 22 NDRRM fund
6. Sec. 12 Local DRRM Office (LDRRMO)
7. Sec. 15 LDRRMCs are mandated to take the lead in preparing,
responding & recovering from the effects of disaster

Geographical Profile of PH
• Republic of the Philippines, archipelagic country in SEA
• Expected population (2020): 110.40M
• Western pacific ocean, about 7,641 islands; three main geographical
div: luzon, visayas, mindanao
• Physical features: irreg configuration of archipelago, coastline 22,550
miles (36,290km), mountainous country, northward trend of river
system, spectacular lakes
• Total land area: 120k sq. miles (300k sq km), north-south 1.15k miles
(1.85k km), widest east-west 7k miles (1.13k km)
• Luzon: biggest island grp; visayas: spanish, chinese, indo-malayan
cultures; mindanao: Chinese & muslim predominance
• Manila: capital city w/ 13,923,452M population (2020)
• QC: largest, most populated w/ 2.9M (2020)
• Regions (17):
o NCR
 o Ilocos region (I)
o Cordillera Administrative Reg (CAR)
o Cagayan Valley (II)
o Central Luzon (III)
o CALABARZON (IV-A)
o MIMAROPA (IV-B)
o Bicol reg (V)
o Western Visayas (VI)
o Central Vis (VII)
o Eastern Vis (VIII)
o Zamboanga Peninsula (IX)
o Northern Mindanao (X)
o Davao Reg (XI)
o SOCCSKSARGEN (XII)
o Caraga reg (XIII)
o Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM)
• Democratic Sys; Current Presi Rodrigo Roa Duterte

Disaster Risk Profile of PH

• Prone to almost all types of natural hazards
• Situated along pacific ring of fire; where eurasian tectonic plate & ph
sea meets (prone to earthquake, tsunami & volcanic eruption); 300
volcanoes (22 active)
• We experience an ave. of 20 earthquakes per day based from Philippine
Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)

4 thematic areas of PH Disaster Management System

Envisions "safer, adaptive & resilient Filipino communities toward sustainable
development
1. Disaster Prevention & Mitigation- avoid hazards & mitigate potential
impacts; reduce vulnerabilities & exposure; enhance capacities of
community
2. Dis Preparedness- establish and strengthen capacities to anticipate,
cope and recover from negative impacts
3. Dis Prevention- provide life preservation and basic subsistence needed
during and immediately after a disaster
4. Dis Rehabilitation & Recovery- restore and improve facilities,
livelihood & living conditions; building back better principle

They are not a cycle but they:

Mutually reinforce each other and are interoperable-it is assumed that the
level of preparedness and intensity of response activities we conduct our
lessened because proper prevention and mitigation activities have been done
already
Do not, should not and cannot stand alone- they are interlinked

Has no clear starting or ending points between each of the aspects and
overlaps are to be expected - the overlapping activities were put into the
specific aspect which could better capture its essence using the lengths of that
is specific DRRM area

Significant activities
1. Dis prevention and mitigation
1. Early warning system
2. Flood forecasting and monitoring
3. Hazard and risk mappings
4. Structural and non-structural interventions
2. Dis preparedness
1. Contingency planning
2. Prepositioning and stockpiling
3. Capacitating and organizing responders
4. Training, drills and exercises
5. Pre-disaster risk assessment
3. Dis prevention
1. Rapid damage assessment and needs analysis (RDANA)
2. Issuance of advisories and situation reports
3. Activations of response clusters and incident command system
(ICS)
4. Mobilization of responders
5. Humanitarian assistance (e.g. relief distribution)
6. Provision of financial assistance
7. Management of evacuation centers
4. Dis rehab & recovery
1. Post disaster needs assessment (PDNA)
2. Enhancement of policies and plans
3. Reconstruction using build back better approach
4. Resettlement
5. Provision of new sources of livelihood

Go bag
• Non-perishable food- canned food, dry fruits, high protein biscuits
• DRINKING WATER
• Blankets, clothes
• Medicines
• Flashlight
• Battery operated radio
• Spare batteries
 • First aid box
• Long boots, socks
• Fuel- tank should be above the half mark
• Garbage bags
• Whistle
• Identification cards
• Mask
• Alcohol

Where to go?
1. North (caloocan, valenzuela qc, san juan, mandaluyong)
1. Veterans memorial golf course
2. Up diliman
2. East (pasig, marikina)
1. Lrt 2 santolan depot
2. Marikina boys town
3. Red cross marikina
4. Ultra pasig
3. West (manila, malabon, navotas)
1. Intramuros golf course
4. South (las pinas, makati, muntinlupa, paranaque, pateros,
taguig, pasay)
1. Villamor air base golf course

Remember:
• Do not panic
• If possible, help others
• Be prepared to stay in it for the long haul
• Try to be on your own

7 ENVIRONMENTAL PRINCIPLES
Environment
• Immediate surroundings of an individual
• Complex system that deals with a network of living and non living
entities
• includes: physical components (air, water, land, energy); biological
components (plants, animals); socio-economic components (people,
community, institutions, values)

I.Everything is connected to everything else

Ecosystem
• Basic functional unit of nature
 • Interaction of the community (living and non living)
Philippine ecosystem
• Forest eco - community of trees, shrubs, herbs,
microorganisms and animals
• Marginal lands/uplands - hilly and mountainous public lands
that are greater than 18% slope including tableland and
plateaus lying at elevations
• Protected areas - areas considered as biologically important
and habitat of rare and endangered species
• Freshwater and wetlands - marsh, fen, peatland or water:
whether natural or artificial; permanent or temporary; static
or flowing; fresh, brackish or salt
• Lowland agricultural eco
• Coastal and marine eco - home to 59% of country's
population
• Urban eco
II. All forms of life are important (thus the need for biodiversity)
• All organisms have a role - NICHE
Biological Diversity/Biodiversity - Variety of all life forms on earth
• Ecosystems diversity - Interdependence within species
• Species diversity - basic unit of biological classification
• Genetic diversity - variation within species
 III. Everything must go somewhere (thus too much can cause pollution)
o Waste management
o Env management sys
IV.Ours is a finite earth
o Trends in paradigm
o Preservation (no touch) >> Conservation (wise use) >>
sustainable development
o Brundtland Report "Our Common Future," 1987: "devt that meets
the needs of the present w/o compromising the ability of the
future gen to meet their own needs."
▪ Natural resources
▪ Renewable (forest)
▪ Non-renewable (minerals)
V.Nature knows best (thus the need for ecological technology)
o Nature must be obeyed first before it can be commanded
o Humans-understand and follow nature and its laws
o Not go against natural processes
▪ Natural Processes
▪ Food chain
▪ Energy flow
▪ Diversity
▪ Evolution
▪ Ecological succession
▪ Ecological control/cybernetics
▪ Biogeochemical cycles (carbon-oxygen cycle, nitrogen
cycle, water cycle)
▪ Disruptions:
▪ Illegal logging
▪ Indiscriminate kaingin-making & forest fires
▪ Dynamite & cyanide fishing
▪ Habitat destruction>>biodiversity loss
VI.Nature is beautiful and we are stewards of god's creation
o Divinity in all forms of life
o Religion-one of the most influential aspects
VII.Everything changes
o Linear change- evolution of species
o Cyclical change- influenced by time (seasons)
o Random change- eruption of mt. Pinatubo

ECOLOGICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT

Solid waste
Discarded (abandoned/considered waste-like) materials
Types:
 1. Household
2. Industrial
3. Biomedical/hospital

FOUR CATEGORIES OF GARBAGE

1. Organic: kitchen, vegetable, flowers, leaves, fruits waste
2. Toxic: old medicines, paints, chemicals, bulbs, spray cans, fertilizer,
pesticide containers, batteries, shoe polish
3. Recyclable: paper, glass, metals, plastics
4. Soiled: hospital waste (cloth w/ body fluids)

Sources of municipal solid waste in ph (2008-2013)

• Residential - 56.7%
• Commercial - 27.1 %
o Market - 18.3%
o Others - 8.8%
• Institutional - 12.1%
• Industrial - 4.1%

Composition of disposed solid waste in ph (2008-2013)

• Biodegradables - 52.31%
• Recyclables - 27.78%
o Plastics - 10.55%
o Paper & cardboard - 8.70%
o Metals - 4.22%
o Glass - 2.34%
o Textile - 1.61%
o Leather & rubber - 0.37%
• Residual - 17.98%
• Special - 1.93%

Projection of waste gen (2007)

• Ncr - 2.68million tons
• Southern tagalog - 1.69m tons
• Central luzon - 1.21m tons

Metro Manila solid waste (JICA)

• Domestic - 74%
• Commercial - 25%
• Others - 1.3%

Laguna de Bay Situationer

• 60% of 8.4 m people around the lake indirectly dump solid & liquid
wastes thru its 21 tributaries (UP Open Univ)
 • 10% of 4.1k metric tons of wastes by Metro Mnl are also dumped (UP
Open Univ)

Impacts on health
• Group at risk:
o on areas where there is no proper waste disposal method
o living close to waste dump
o Children
o Waste workers
o Animals
• Risk of injury & infection
• Illnesses (low birth weight, cancer, congenital malformations,
neurological diseases, nausea & vomiting, respiratory diseases)

Impacts on env
• Damaged mangroves sprouts
• Contributed in making pasig river "biologically dead" (Manila Times,
2008)
• Wastes in rivers also triggers the growth and eventual decomposition of
algal blooms, leading to oxygen deprivation of marine bodies/fish kill
(Natl Defense College of the Ph, 2013)
• Flooding in metro manila

Innovative activities (home, school, communities)

• Sachet recovery proj: collecting post-consumer materials (toothpaste,
shampoo, conditioner, facial cleanser, deodorant, powdered laundry
soap, fabric conditioner, dish washing liquid soap, bath soap) ===》
converted to pavers/bricks (170 kilo=1,000 bricks)
• Awareness raising
• Arts and crafts
• Recycling and composting

Recycling and reuse

Recycling- collecting, processing and making discarded materials into new
products
Advantages:
• Less utilization of raw materials
• Reduces environmental impacts
• Waste treatment and disposal
• Surroundings cleaner & healthier
• Saves on landfill space
• Saves money
• Reduces amount of energy required to manufacture new products
• Prevent the creation of waste at the source
Composting- natural process of decomposition of organic waste; yields
compost (rich in nutrients & excellent medium of growing plants)
Benefits
• Ensures waste is not carelessly thrown & left to rot
• Recycles nutrients
• Reduce amount of disposable garbage
• Organic fertilizer (instead of chemical ones)
• Increases soil's ability to hold water
• Helps soil retain more of the plants nutrients

What can you do?

• Segregate waste in the house
• Dig a compost pit in your garden
• Don't throw paper & other wrappings here and there
• Sell recyclable items to junk shops/Municipal Refuse Facility
• Refuse- refuse to buy new items (use what you already have)
• Reuse- ex.: soft drinks can/bottles =》decorate it and use it as pencil
stands/small vases
• Recycle- segregate to ensure that it is collected and taken for recycling;
use cloth/jute shopping bags (can be used over and over again)
• Reduce- reduce unnecessary waste (ex: carry own shopping bag in the
market)

CLIMATE CHANGE
Climate change
• Changes in climate system over a period of time
• Change of climate attributed in/directly to human activity that alters the
composition of the global atmosphere & which is in addition to natural
climate variability observed over comparable time periods (UN
Framework Convention on Climate Change)
• Brought about by the rise in global temp
o Consequences: drought, extreme precipitation rate, storminess,
sea level rise

How does the earth keep temp relatively constant?

The heat budget
• Balanced since millions of years ago
o How: interaction between oceans and atmosphere
• Ocean- play a major role in heat transfer
o How: sea water absorbs heat and oceanic circulation helps
dissipate heat absorbed by earth just as water-cooled
engines/radiators help motor engine from overheating
 • Glaciers are melting, plants & animals are being forced from their
habitat, increased severe storms and droughts

Consequences of heating of oceans

• Disrupt weather patterns
• Ocean circulation will not follow usual path or weaken
• Distribution of heat will affect local weather (droughts in normally high
precipitation and flooding places)

Oceanic circulation prevents some part of of europe from freezing

• If normal circulation patterns are disrupted due to inc. in temp, Europe
will experience extreme cold weather (Gulf Stream)

Common gases that trap radiation

1. Methane
2. Carbon dioxide
3. CFCs
Consequences
• Sea level rise due to melting of polar ice
o Estimated 1 cm per year
o In the last century, ⅓ of a meter already risen
o This is not unique but in present, it is at an accelerated rate
o Coastal ecosystems (corals, seagrasses & mangroves) will be
inundated
 o Affect coastal fisheries (ecosystems are breeding, nursery &
feeding grounds for commercial fishes
o Affect marginal fisherfolks using non-motorized boats - impacts
municipal waters where they are limited to be within
o Result to widespread coral bleaching (as much as 2°C) [El Niño
1997-1998]
• Inc. storminess (hotter seawater will intensify storms)
• Droughts/flooding
• Hotter sea makes hurricanes/typhoons more intense
• High water temp disrupts normal water circulation =》 weather patterns
change
• High water temp in Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh - cholera
• Damage to properties
• Inundation of agri land or long dry spell - decline in agri production

Effects
• Coastal Areas: erosion & flooding, inundation, change in wetlands
• Agriculture: change in crop yields, irrigation demands, productivity
• Human health: weather related mortality, infectious disease, air
quality-respiratory illness
• Water resources: change in water supply & quality, competition/trans-
border issues
• Forests: change in ecologies, geographic range of species, health and
productivity
• Industry & energy: changes in energy demand, product demand &
supply

How to address?
Global
• Mitigate Carbon dioxide emission
• Carbon sequestration
Local
• Enhance capacity of ecosystems (eg forest capacity to absorb carbon
thru reforestation [carbon sinks])
• Stop illegal logging
• Use energy efficient appliances/tools/machines

When do you send greenhouse gases into the air?

• Use of electricity - from power plants that use coal and oil
o Watch tv
o Use a/c
o Turn lights on
o Use hair dryer
o Drive a car
 o Play vid games
o Listen to stereo
o Use washing machine
o Use of microwave
• Trash in disposal sites - methane
• Factories making things

How do we cope w/ the impacts of CC

• Adaptation- adjustments in natural/human systems in response to
climatic stimuli/their effects, which moderates harm/exploits beneficial
opportunities
o Conservation
o Disaster Management
• Simplify life, go back to basics
• Simple tips:
o Walk or bike
o Cook from local and fresh produce
o Recycle
o Avoid using a/c, use natural ventilation
o Turn lights off
o Buy energy-saving light bulbs
o Unplug equipment when charged
o Keep fridge/freezer doors closed
o Think how you cook
o Reduce paper consumption
o Manage waste at source

Climate change: video

• Def: long term change in earth's overall temp w/ massive & permanent
ramifications
• By human activity
• Greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane
• Greenhouse effect- trapping heat/radiation/energy from sun (natural
but excessive is not)
• Human activity: fossil fuel burning (coal, oil, natural gas, gasoline -
largest pollutants of carbon emissions) when this blends w/ heat, it
creates smog; animals, agriculture & deforestation (excessive
livestock manure - hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, methane; bulldozing
lands for placing livestocks - 7 football field per minute - gets rid
of plants, trees & forests) ; waste & recycled pollution (solid waste
- methane)

NATIONAL SECURITY CONCERN

Nat'l Sec
 • State/ condition wherein people's welfare, well-being, ways of life govt
& its institutions; territorial integrity; sovereignty & core values are
enhanced & protected

Nat'l sec policy 2017-2022

• Economic prosperity is undeniably dependent on nat'l sec
• Nat'l sec must be viewed in the context of an expansive global
community

PH Nat'l Sec concept

• Encompasses every aspect of nat'l life & nation-building (does not
exclusively refer to traditional notions of internal & external defense)
• Economic devt and security are inextricably linked and mutually
reinforcing concepts.
o Devt- economic & social well-being; precondition for nat'l, internal
& external security; vice versa
o Prosperity leads to social peace & stability
• Nation- empowered people (dedicated prof leaders) living in freedom,
dignity & prosperity as 1 community, united in its vision of a peaceful,
stable & prosperous country ㅡ capable of ensuring survival & well-being
of its citizen

Three pillars
1. Safeguard nat'l unity- democracy & institutions
2. Security of state & preserving & preserving its sovereignty, territorial
integrity & institutions
3. Protection of properties, infrastructures and keeping the people safe
from all forms of threats, both here and abroad, and to the extent
possible, creating jobs in order to bring back OFW

PH Nat'l Sec Vision

The Government envisions a Philippines that by 2022 shall become, "a
secure and prosperous nation wherein the people's welfare, well-
being, ways of life and core values; government and its institutions;
territorial integrity and sovereignty are protected and enhanced and
confident of its place in the community of nations."

Nat'l Sec Interests

-amplifies concept of nat'l sec
-govt's strategic focus ㅡ shall be accorded appropriate govt planning &
resource allocation
1. Public Safety, Law and Order, and Justice
2. Socio-Political Stability
 3. Economic Solidarity and Sustainable Development
4. Territorial Integrity
5. Ecological Balance
6. Cultural Cohesiveness
7. Moral and Spiritual Consensus
8. International Peace and Cooperation

Nat'l sec challenges

I.Internal Environment
1. Law and Order, and Justice Administration
2. Internal Armed Conflict
3. Terrorism and Transnational Crimes
4. Economic and Social Threats
II. External Environment
1. Overlapping Territorial Claims and Maritime Domain Disputes
2. Global and Regional Geopolitical Issues
3. Global Uncertainties and Proliferation of Weapons of Mass
Destruction (WMD)
III. Other Strategic Issues and Challenges
1. Rising Threat of Cybercrime
2. Climate Change
3. Institutional Concerns
4. COVID-19 Pandemic