5.1 ‘L Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. 1 In general, do you like or dislike new technology and gadgets like ‘ebooks, tablets and phones? 2 Canyou think of ways in which technology has made our lives better/worse? 3 Are there any problems which technology has helped to solve? Give examples. 2 A Lookat the prompts below. What information do you think could go in the gaps to describe the problems? Use the pictures to help you. 1 New tends to make things faster and more efficient. 2. Popular entertainment (theatre, ‘cinema, music concerts, exhibitions) isoften and based in cities. 3. In many vilages in Asta and africa, access to is tila huge problem, 4 The citizens of Bogota, Colombia wanted young people to have more access to B Read the text to check your answers. 3 A Workin pairs, Answer the questions. 1 How is the Rural Academy (slow theatre) different from other theatre companies? 2 Why might people living in rural areas appreciate this type of theatre? 3 How does the Playpump help children to solve the problem of access to water? 4 How has the pump changed the lives of the young girls in particular? 55 How has the invention ofthe ebook changed how people read? 6 Where have they put the new libraries in Bogota? B Discuss. What do you think of the solutions suggested? Which idea do you like best? Can you think of some other solutions to these problems? LOW TECH SOLUTIONS baste © silabie st: on Wy ist that poopie seem to think that the newest Gy GZ XS ¥ technology is always the best? From high-speed trains to high-speed intemet, you could be forgiven \\3, Y for thinking that faster is always better (not to 5% Senses erence Ws We decided to investigate a few simpler, more J, i | low-tech solutions to the world’s problems age Meet the slow theatre ‘Much of our popular entertainment these days is action-packed, expensive ond based n cites. So, the Rural Acadamy decided they wanted to offeran altemative, Pl “outing the United States, they take a horse-drawn theatre, and a bicyele-powered lent cmnema on the road with them. They want to celebrate and call atenticn to life in more rural ecationsin opposition to what they see as the glob) utbenisation of our culture, economy, media and art, By using a carriage pulled hy horses, rather than a vehicle that runs on pettl, they offer ‘loss expensive, lnv-tach alternative entertainment, which they hope vwilinclude mote people and move ata slightly slower pace, The roundabout water pump ‘Access toa clean water ~~ 4 supply is still one of the —— biggest problems for people living in rural vilages in Asia and Africa. To try and solve the problem, & company sn South Alica has invented a way to use chikien's high energy levels to help pump water from underground ‘The Playpump isa water pump thet is powered when the children use the roundabout As they play, the water is pumped from below the round into storage tank, Before the pumps were installed, many young git had to spend hours oftheir day walking to collect water, rather than going to school. With the new puzops, however, the gills don't need to miss school, so they get a much better education Bus stop libraries in Bogota ‘The invention ofthe ebook has meant that books ate now slightly choaper and alot ightac to carey. Butin Bogota, Colombia, thay had a far better idea for helping people toread on the go. The city wantad to improve the access thet young people had to books, but not by buying new tablets, They decided to instal eclouful book libraries axound the city in the parks anc atbus stops, What could be beter than to itn the sunshine and read a book while waiting for yout bus?ANE COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES 4A Read the article again. Underline examples of comparatives and superlatives. B Look at your examples and complete the rules. How do we form the comparatives and superlatives ‘of common adjectives? 1 Adjectives with one syllable comparatives: add superlatives: add 2 Adjectives with two or more syllables comparatives: add superlatives: add € Look at the sentences below and complete the rules with small or big. a) Entertainment has become a lot/much/far more expensive. b) Technology has made books a little/a little bit/ slightly cheaper. B| 1 Use quantifiers a lot/much/far to talk Bl ot differences. 2 Use quantifiers a lttle/a fittlebit/slightly to talk about differences. [> page 136 LANGUAGEBANK 5 Complete the statements with the prompts in brackets. 1. The invention of the bieycle made it (lot/easy) for people to travel from one village to another, to meet new people. 2 The world has become a (much/safe) place to live since the invention of antibiotics. People are (ar/healthy) now than 100 years ago. 3. The invention of the washing machine has meant that itis (lot/quick) for people to wash their clothes. think it's (good) invention of the last century 4 Although we have computers, paper is til (cheap) and (flexible) way to record the written word 5 Electricity is (important) invention because without it many of the other things we have would not have been possible. 6 The invention of the telephone and the computer have meant that we are (much/busy) now than we were in the past. VOCABULARY TECHNOLOGY 6 A Work in pairs. Put the words/phrases in the box into the correct word web. electricity nuclear power antibiotics vaccinations computer networks motorbikes genetic engineering washing machine vacuum cleaner space travel commercial aeroplanes solar power communications satellites electricity [B Work in pairs. Can you add any more words to each word web? C SYLLABLE STRESS Look at the words/phrases above and underline the main stress(es). Sometimes, there can be more than one per word/phrase. electricity nuclear power D D)Si) Listen and check. Then listen again and repeat. D> page 152 VOCABULARYBANK STs ? A Workin pairs. Choose an invention from the last 100 years. Write two or three sentences to describe how this invention has changed our lives. Don’t say what the invention is. This invention made it much easier to travel from one place to another. Even people in poor societies can use this invention because it does not need petrol. B Read your sentences to other students. Can they ‘guess the invention? Discuss which invention you think has been the best/worst? Why?WRITING AN ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES ESSAY; LEARN TO USE DISCOURSE MARKERS 8 A What do you think are the main advantages and disadvantages of technology in everyday life? Write a lst. B Read the model essay. Does it mention any of your ideas? ‘The advantages and disadvantages of modern technology ese eee eee ren ere ee eee eset ee ee ares arn, cetera e caeere eae ee are ee ee eee ee eect tere Ease rene ene eres ee See aci eet Pete eee eee ten eee ee eee ee eee Pe nates ten raoteen ect acinar i reeeernte [or the development of weapons, which have cased alot of, destruction. Another disadvantage is that it makes us lazy Nowadays, many people spend ther live siting infront ‘of computer srcens, This isa development that suscly has negative effects on our mental and physical health, making us amore isolated and les active Ue ane ees errner eel hte: pene the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. Ofcourse there are drawbacks, but tis important to remember that technology itslfis not the problem, The problem isthat we tse technology without always thinking about the harmful consequences C Match paragraphs 1-4 with descriptions a)-d). a) discussion of disadvantages by conclusion 9 introduction 4) discussion of advantages D Work in pairs. Complete the guidelines for writing an essay with the expressions in the box. personal opinions examples notes beginning logical order 1 Sort out the facts ~ make. of all the relevant information you have on the subject. 2. Plan your argument ~ organise your notes and arrange the ideas ina 3 Give your essay an appropriate Describe what you are planning to say. 4 Decide how many paragraphs you need for your argument. Each paragraph should discuss one point. Use to support your arguments. 5 Write a logical conclusion. Though the style of the essay generally formal and impersonal, this might be the place to include some 9 A Look at the underlined words and phrases in the essay. Put them in the correct place in the table. introduce advantages The most important advantage is introduce disadvantages The main disadvantage Is. contrasting ideas Although, additional reasons As well as that. {And anather thing, ‘personal opinion/conclusion In general, As faras Im concerned, B Underline the correct alternatives. Satellite TV: good or bad? More and more people are watching satellite television. "The main advantage / As well as that {s that you can choose exactly what ‘you want to watch, and in addition to this / however you can watch programmes in other languages. “However, / Although this means that whereas people used to talk about programmes with colleagues and friends, now they usually don't watch the same programmes. “onthe other hand / And another thing, there is too much choice. There are so many programmes to choose from that people can’t decide what to watch. "This means that /As far as Pm concerned, they watch too much television. *In my opinion / The problem is that, satellite television isa good thing, asiit gives people more choice. "However, / In general, people need to be careful that they choose their programmes carefully. 110 choose one of the topics below and write an essay about the advantages and disadvantages of it. Look back at Exercises 8 and 9 to help you. + modem technology in everyday life + owning a car/bicycle + playing computer games + using a digital camera + using email/text messages + cheap flightsPRACTICE ‘A Complete the sentences with the comparative or B Rewrite the sentences using the words in bold, 50 superlative form of the adjectives in brackets. that they have the same meaning. 1. We usually fly to italy instead of going in the car, 1 My brother is slightly taller than lam, bit because it's quick) 2 They had to travel than they wanted to 2 The journey to the coast took much longer than we find a hotel. (ar) had expected. far 3 When Iwas a teenager, ! was much —— than | am now. (not confident) 3 Its easily the most expensive restaurant I've ever 4 He's one of children in the class. been to. by (naughty) 5 Exams are much now than they were 4 Yourshoes and my shoes are almost the same. when Iwas at school. (easy) similar 6 Sweden is than Nonway. (big) oe T K2is the second mountain in the 5. People here are much healthier now that they have world. (high) clean water. lot 8 This book is slightly tounderstand than his last book. The plot is very complicated. (difficult) 9 He used to be a teacher, but he's decided to become a firefighter. I's a much job. (dangerous) 10 ts by far film I've ever seen. (good) ‘A Match 1-8 with a)-h) to make tag questions. B Find and correct the mistakes. There is one mistake in 1 Clive was an engineer, a) have they? each question. 2 You're from Ethiopia, ) won't he? 1 You weren't happy, weren't you? 3. Shania isn't an actress, has she? 2 tll probably rain, doesn't it? 4 They haven't been here before, ) aren't your? 3 She researched her roots, didn't her? 5 Hell be home soon, ) is she? 4 They always ask tricky questions, they don't? 6 You work here, #) will they? 5 [take after my dad, doesn’t he? 7 She hasrit met you, 8) wasn't he? 6 You've met Kevin's fancée, have not you? 8 They won't finish on time, ‘h) don't you? 7 I put my foot in it yesterday, haven't I? 8 Mymentor will give mea hand, he won't? 9 You had a lot on your mind, doesn't you? 10 Phil and Luke are on holiday, are not they? AA Find the mistakes and correct them. There is an extra word or two in each line. 1A: Excuse me, could you is hold the door for me? B: Yes, I do of course, Do you know when the next train does to leaves? B: Im not OK sure. 3A: Would you to mind staying behind after the meeting? B: Its sure, That’ fine. 4 &: Could is possible you tell me what Tim's phone number is? B: Let me have a to look. 5: Would you mind to looking after my bag while I go to the bathroom? B: No, of course not mind. 6 A: Could you tell for me the way to the station? B: Yes, so can6 LANGUAGE BANK co Z ES nals When we talk about situations which are always true, or events which are possible or probable in the future, using if/when, we can call these ‘teal conditionals.. They are also often referred to as zero (0) conditionals (always true) and first (1) conditionals (possible or probable in the future). real conditional (zero) real condi iffwhen + present simple + present simple If/When You" heat water to 100° Centigrade, | it boils. * Here you isa general subject meaning ‘anyone’ or ‘people in generat. Use the real conditional (zero) to talk about a general situation, or something which is always true (a fact} If plants don't have water, they die. Ice melts if you heat it. (You here refers to ‘anyone’, or people generally, not ‘you’ specifically) If/When can come at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence: fm not inthe office by 8am, my boss gets angry. My boss gets angry ifm notin the office by 8a.m. Ifand when have the same meaning in zero conditional sentences. In this case if means ‘when this happens’ or every time this happens’ When Im feeling stressed, leat chocolate. ifm feeling stressed, leat chocolate, real conditional (first) “iffwhen + | present simple + | will/could/might + verb if | Yowaive me your | a eatlyou when wee ead. When | you go into the kitchen, | you'll see the keys on the table hypothetical cond nal: present/future would clause I would make more money. held make a lot of changes. wed need to sell our ar (iF | past simple + | worked longer hours, he was the President, ‘we bought the house, Use the hypothetical conditional to talk about an unreal or imaginary situation and its consequences. In conditional sentences, the past tense is used to indicate that something is hypothetical or imaginary. In spoken English, would is contracted in the positive and negative form: Vd be there if! had time. If she had enough food, she'd feed us all Use the real conditional (frst) to talk about possible situations in the future and their ‘consequences. If you are sure about the result, use will’won't If you're not sure, use could/might. We can change the order of the sentence, but iff when is always followed by the present simple: Ifrmy train arrivescon time, I meet you at ten Otlock, OR Fl meet you at ten oclock if my train arrives on time. NOT ifmy-train-witerive on-time: In first conditional sentences, if and when have different meanings. Use if when you are not sure ifthe situation will happen IF pass my exams, be very happy. Use when for a situation which you know will happen: When I pass my exams, Ill have a party. Unless has the meaning of if not’ or except in this situation’: Igo straight to the restaurant, unless you call ime first. (will go straight to the restaurant, if you don't call me first) Note the difference between zero and first conditional in the sentences below: If you sit in the sun, you get sunburn. @ero conditional fora general situation/fact. “You’ means anyone, or people in general.) Ifyou sit in the sun, you'll get sunburn (First conditional for a specific situation. I'm talking to you (personally) about what will happen today) Would is not usually contracted in the question form: If you passed your exam, would you go to university? Would you help me if! paid you? Use if were you .. to give advice: If I were you, d change teams Instead of would, we can use could or should: If you got reall fit, you could probably play again. Itis common to use other expressions in the would clause: would be able to, would need to and would have to If lost my job, 'd need to find another one! We would have to cancel the game if rained. If you bought a larger quantity, we'd be able to offer you a better deal. giving news good news Te got some good news (for you). I'm really pleased to tell you ..._You'l never guess what. oes Bad news, 'm afraid. Ym sorry to have to tell you, but ..._'m afraid/Unfortunately, _ Im afraid ve got some bad news... There's something Ive got to tell you good or bad news You know ...? Well... Ive/We've got something to tell you. Wow! That's fantastic/great news. Congratulations! You're joking! You lucky thing! responding to good news | well done, Have you?/Did you? responding to bad news That’sa shame, That's temrible/awful._Thi Jats really annoying, I'm really sorry to hear that.eee Nap y se L complete definitions 1-10 with the correct form of the adjectives in the box. exciting/excited terrifying/terrified astonishing/astonished tiring/tired fascinating/fascinated disappointing/disappointed disgusting/disgusted frustrating/frustrated depressing/depressed interesting/interested 1 you want to know more about it, and you give it your attention: was jinwhat he had to.soy 2. being happy, interested and hopeful because something good has happened, or is going to happen: The kids are getting really about the tip. 3. very surprising: Its that you didn’t know about this! 4 making you feel that you want to sleep or rest: twas a long, Journey. 5. extremely interesting Istanbul isa city 6 unhappy because something you hoped for did not happen: Iwas that (hadn't won, 7 making you feel sad: ts avery ‘book. | didn't Ike it at al. 8 extremely unpleasant and making you fel sick: What's that smell? i's ! 9 feeling annoyed, upset or impatient because you cannot controV/change a situation: He gets when people don’t understand what he's saying. 10 very frightened I'm absolutely of spiders! Lesson 6.1 MULTI-WORD VERBS ‘L.A Match the phrasal verbs in sentences 1-10 with meanings a)-)). verb + off 1 I called him on the phone but we got cut off. 2 They had to call off the football match because of the weather. 3. Thave to do this work. | can't put it off any longer. verb + out 4 I'd like to check out some other options. 5 He's wearing a pink jacket so he'll stand out from the crowd. 6 Ican't work out what to do about the problem. verb + after 7 My neighbour is looking after my cats when we go away. 8 He takes after his father. Tey are both very good-looking, verb + in 9. Can you print out and then fillin the form and send it back to me? 10 Saskia, please let me in! a) delay doing something b) the phone suddenly stopped working, ©) look/behave like an older member of the family 4) get more information about something @) allow someone to come in f) decide that a planned event won't happen g) be easy to see/notice hy) take care of something or someone j) write the necessary information in an offical document. }) decide/plan something to solve a problem B Label pictures A-E with sentences 1-10.Lesson 2.1 PREPOSITIONS BUSI A Match descriptions 1-5 with pictures A-E. 1 They drove along the motorway, and over the bridge 2 They went around the city. 3. They drove through the main square, past the post office and turned left by the station. 4 The hotel is near the city centre, between the National Museum and the cathedral. 5 The house is next to the supermarket, opposite the cinema. ESE a ed wo security guards were kidnapped and L.A Read the text and match the words and phrase: heli hostage for twelve hours by a gang of bold with defin ions 1-10 below. armed robbers, who attempted to mid a security depot. The robbers held the guards at gunpoint and foreed them to hand over keys and security information. ‘They then proceeded to fill a lorry 1a group of criminals who work together 2 thieves carrying weapons with more than $53 million in notes. Another £150 million was left behind because there was no more 3. an attack by criminals on a bank, shop, etc, to room in the getaway vehicle, Luckily, one of the steal money or valuable things ‘euards managed to raise the alarm, and the police arrived and arrested the ging before they could 4 (doing something) while threatening to shoot eee cea Sa ee ere eae a oreo ae eight men being arrested. 5 people whose job itis to protect people or a place, or to make sure that a person does not escape 6 leave a place or dangerous situation when someone is trying to catch you 7 people who saw the crime 8 took people who were involved in a crime away (toa police station) ‘9 warn people that something bad is happening 10 made someone do this B Divide the words and phrases into two groups: people and actions. Which words do not fit in either group? € Tell your partner about a crime you've heard about. It can be from the news, a film or your own experience.