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Ray Optics PDF

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SAAHO - THE SHADOW
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Ray Optics PDF

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SAAHO - THE SHADOW
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ea » 8 ae es Oecnies __ = Siriaas i ay i ; fas ola Shady oP Nighi te! Called Jos | dphee. CLUE nEnCC oe Wolke, 2! pay t. Distt ts mat post lg) LEM lstectuen ahitin Aap _ . em coe gps yeni fee 2 ’ : a 2 aie nh a =) SRS Neiiseonin 2 sai 3 [emer] 2 ‘ oe = -3_| tray prot A (clave ophics i 9 : =§ © sha of Wight iown'eh a © Deals wih the theoric 3 i ones 02 moving alongs Negarding The Nature = A Steargnt tine Oy a ‘ a a = _vhou “tight meek & Susflece © Provity | UYhich _eporoes too medium, eek pRenor ta hig Such ay. Zs wreflerkioa 9 seftachea dake 1 wflechia 14 4ahin, induce, diffeahion 8 _polorizahon lb t place. nal 1 MO chjears One lagen Mao Sie qi! 0 Object owe Compota ble i Velave fen bo Size cf {alavelenshn 4 — Wg (Mirror, lengar, fon a). Wate 4 ea abo aan | \ i SS Deftnitio ns: YA Rays Ta pat a ality which _ light hevole 1s Y Called a Xa Muy are repreented by Shratgh> (ioe _oilm ovina Aisteotest fobIardy Ine Alwech'oo y taol of Ligh. \) A Beara? A burctle af Hays Ky Called a_bearn. A beam {8 ponallel vohen tits Keys om forall, al \jergent when {hs _ Mays Spetad our fra a pola and Convragen When ffs — a ‘ak at —Berc i ( Te SOS neon prc dE! eae a is of Rechrlins propagation of eae “ge erg fhe Stratgnt linen ta in Aomogeineous | meolilm a y ta of —Sespendence_ gf Light Rays « Se em = bg Lach upon _[nfersech'on . oe eo u chisturbe__2ach__ofnta r~ hav “Revestbility of Lryht Rays: J Srabey Mich = a eee Yog rebate —_ eee tres Patnse hon frie dioteobia I'S Hewtewed, ——— apne > elec hlela o non 2 a os ye = rite of eee oe then light Jioy —Shise Pre toundenny of boo _mnsiana such 0) By glass a post’ 4 light Ss ed back Ink tno Sarre ynodiin. ‘Thies Calle Reflech'n of Light. _ . eo a. s wn _& = ‘ Off wsed Keglech'on Reguic. Reflecbon r Smooth Su tun oven Sta face, * Her, Reflected Rays ¥ Har, Reflected Rays Cnt frara lol ove Nob pesallel. Laws of ‘Ref leohons V)_ Pra inciident Yay, the reflected ¥ 4, tha refleced ot tre point of —_jncy'dore oe in tre Sarne plane. Anis plane's __Called tha _plane gp incidence. Cor plane of’ sof"lechon €@CeEeeeecoeocobssoobse AY) the_angie of incidence an fre onal a} —weflechor are Svat, . Bor ieee mae aga {| al 2 OTe froin requter 8 PrffsetRefleebions———__ ou 4 x The above fioadinne Can be i fia hb Ine pefle bn a Swuface whith Ont not bven horizonk . Tre fatloraing 5 —fig:—tllureates Ine froiak. »_ 2 = ae Qperiat 0 re i ay BLA Ate te Wy i. Incident Poy Nosmat dnuidence rm, ee oO a Qe Graraing 4ncidence : (ues a= 90] ks Y, Show frat for a Wig Incjelent oF a0 angle iis on getting Yeflectect the angle of cleviahon 1 &. iE Q = A-21 or 8 xen i dz iS = rnin gpinannwca han - Angle of doviatien “How much light desta fr _OHiginol _chi'mechoo é | ? ry) -§- for & flved inoent_Ivgnt say, tf Meyninee be sotebed Ee f tnrougn0_angte @ Cabod a9 avi’ whith er 9 Ime plow yy 6 __mninrn), Shoe Mod tra reflooked sry dumm boron fry ame 6 ee ih Some Sense Beis ta, wae Ny Me oe “ork ap + imine = OB Je Pale of Reflech‘on = b —— Nye copia (40) Le 0) T+O-U+0 = 20 0 Gy foo much Mo ynrunor must be Hotabed to 3 wake tne (jivea Hof ected ray frori zontal « a) Go" Cloctcrarse b) Q0' cla kesie le) 260), ACH pom ewe Care ie Reflo ckeel Roy — fori zooke » ia es ace e Kina Bee fy oa 22 == a Ecol y Mer Bieaor, Miyne Ko ——> ©- (e220! } a ace tee | image 4 emahoa by a plane myhyor. A. foint object Nok’ for a Miron 1m US formed 209 far beating Pe myipor 09 the object rg —tnfont of th + Roy do not meet ackally tay Appeoss fo meet) TT na NA ln ‘ L s Proof om = Me ae = dus wo es é es AOM® = A@md o~ / i or s Hence omemtet a Nok: The tine Joining — ie pela “objed and 13_ image ee SEE pe pendiiscnlqueae lo methine J flocking — ae — apo Te Notes dmage firme by plone rnirror 0S Slisnbual.) le as DE inal line ee a faay 6 TT La ee ae Sibel eS Object - a e © a ee OM £Binys > Dos us’ Chonactaishics oO Wihued & (Bays appeon tomreg ) ©_Upnijnt [ &xect Bo Gmage rs Same __ Size 04 object. oMagnifitaheo [mle Ar = 4 fo A a te = FE ha Kral jnvergnn = _ 2 <3 > ; i =a of Liang " Ne | i tes} HY Ng Cy | PPNKN Kan OOP eee fiat 8 ee 1 Pip —deads — Q43¢: 15 -2 As any i me WEE CoreXOh rao | Qe Find Ww tine 9Rovn in mirror by gq Choc Whit» = ; a a — Bangers = 12 00 : 60 = obj ae ——o = (2: 00:00 a | 2 CN ae TE IES CVG ea es = ee ee he = eee elie a {t 7 | ) — Herons of Mf oinor Ragu tictot : , 0 Show oe the wnvoranien Size go plans rawrtor Yq lied to See tro fall tage t Qn observe pis ate : , Siro 4 Ine Observes, be > i f pls M at ESS —|————— = pee ke slang Bir, _ | i : s > t aeeesaer » @ Avine SanG a DEALT SAN d observes hergnt He Behty yatao Aeignt = ® Ray than, height a mimor = XY = oe Hy PERI eh a meee S see AL boy ts Standing midway bebwern a wall MT gy Beignt n" Onda plane minor. Fad tre _ratiotenure lengm of cattor ~~ 5 a bs Geo ne coe Image of wooll, oh “2 - Hs 2 tr ce noe — RANP OI ENR = ASAE es = Ae ie — ET ITER : 3 z QERS AP = rE Simloy ACHE EN'S @ —Hleige) of vall = Qxet oy ~ Olxty) = HW ae Herger 4 miims= “RY, = Hh AB poind Souice af trot &, flared aba Aisone } 10 e. C e.. & C on C. - Freak of tne Centre ya mitre eatin ol, hangs Verbally — ee 80 4 Wall, A man talks th foot of Ine yniiro cle 0 lin foaaltel tothe mirror cba diSlance 24 fiom iF OS Shown. Pind Ing quieate —A'stanee over wdhi'ch Ae e. e. Ge e& on C. eS poe lan Oe! _tmerge of “he tight Sousee in Ihe patrroc a a) ala OEE oe ara bf Hae) pict Ay 3d. Pno=2d le: Co - C Kare | ih Nee Ge ATS Os ee Relation Bho \Jelocty of object & Image (4: plone hind) Cet: obje move tbo MI'snor ai. & a ia ‘ e — & ws if ales el 2 =. 7 e~ aig is e fl _ = St A ak dk asker q ae We, it Lae —_ fenatih baa IN] UNG AN AB Vee ee No NE =O zat ®) if wire is lok et | Wm=0 ee =) fin Objed mova win Sm]s_ fodouoe a while Pre Jrron M0 ee ee nth fig fing eto a) Sm 9a Le fotos rink fi tol y) Tri]. _fowouds evhb Ch) Sra ) ats pf toward [er Nou 1p" bo vaondy lepr Sel <== 7 Lose Qs Object mow _poucitfel fo Mylror« PON NRA PAAR lg 2) Bl a | ey) lr ; | r Saxo) cae Sees f ast b) OC 4 6] as a ser Cm) é ly i DE eee ge ee eons 2x10: om) o e wi f fel a x Ne = =€0 +67 A.)p = = Ses Bra].s ao Find We te Welocity of ima of faye = 2a) FRED f ShSious” a ea eS Seon : aly Sal pp cit +5) we f AS Ne as mye Feta) aes wa y catia Bie 23 ae eee — = i eaoln 2 Sra] i)3_3 Wrest Le Le ey a Sleieee lw) re Snis [vihie te we Sie Hud 73 Qs Fiad Avo letocity st las dats Ss re L bh p- Co See . ae SQ NS ees a ie a hae NMS os es — 3 — - > aD 14 [tet [to pee: 2 ani >) GUSH eaearnrenlAlanal plo aligned poral each omen > 04 _Shooo in fig. A Want Hay Is think at an cing 30’ of — GQ point just Ingicte ong end_of AA plone Gf Wntideoce Coiacies Foti te plano) re fa, The rnoycinum noe bmw fro roy B_urvduyors Heflections Cinchichiny the Pier ove) ve tt ererges 2 eile IN = a) 28 OJ %0 { Aa ‘ 4) 34 i 2 | ° [a a v *® =t Nin 02 a ——___One 310 ecbiin a Ho y sieflectisa fe 28, os 2x8 = 5 2 o Bo. tins : Wwe 90 y HM. ae Pith Stee f {Mo plana mire (My ana My, ) ane jaclioed each es Other Such Ina 9 say 0, hight tacidlent on — Mitre i Mand frosalle) to fre My tere BO IES ‘afleclea _ from a ie matinoc My parallel fo Aajrror Aa, - Ihe angle i —___ The hao _matroe 11's at TIT EINN EON ADAH HARTAL » O+O4 OF1 fo | Egeco | i ff C 6) 98 : | a a aru oe le 3s S ye Flenwe infinite Imagen vill form amr eee ee ——— pe i ie y even a ; @ ) 100 5 Ea Vie A ne —_ i pee rk 1 A ae mm, . i ‘aS x0 A i e iY Ae Me Nlof dma = 2 : ma > is rs EB Mo, Ras plane Mi'ynves ane ppt by fee 3 (6230) s 3 rs Tnick : cltvide > 360 Oo | a ~ en Sido a eee ao Mr {Hens [ew] BA : Fes SN rege, ae Cae ae Foo ts euro Men fhe) 1S fhe 7 Yh # Novo image ae a Le mg a 1) Dy wrt ) 9 or hy THE RE Find the nos oy Hose forme oT 7 wc 9 | PRS Zs a Pas aes o hari st ae maze (8) vw (6) one OVulubh jig Ieraye, Fromulae fe No of Jages fered by 40 plone vayitor {clined of anole z % Symmeht——E fisgyrelC a ¢ oe a fingle bisec7 Cond” - 1 [ a Tf dae eae ; ae iSsoe mea ic fl a iis OP Tie DCSE OBES EOE yn o i eh Chains @ n— odd. Sa me a ; wae ya mwfroe Oar —_1nclinea ob an angle of a objede es To plared_ma King 10’ von _Me_ ral ene ieee —-~€ jean The_posihin iv Ba $99 age _timages _p/entol by. Ee each rnivror, “Aird tne fk! __tio- oy _ Images using ~__1)_dveetsn fn and ee C jest) County Ime frog, ae: ae c. S oa ply. es ac S&S < & DDD Lae =pfeat cal j MUtsnorg. j Minoo mene tn “treo. “Buafaer a A BD Me enrinade lista ee ae far menor: a Lay A yp -2_Coaver — Mivmor s_ tf Tre ouksis Sufire y _ the vate 1S poltiched j1'h ty Coovex mirror D 4 “bret J ee oe 3 @1- Poke le): fise sli geomehiccl entre gy Ine Sphedical . Stefleching Sunfuce. AN pone oa thal Qiu oe o fate of fhe _rnirror Pann dren the posibion of” Mo dhijeor Con be sheathed cacy is “Caled pale % Tho poll Vig Mateo Heflecting Su fire. in ae oo o 2: Cenive a Quote: “The Centre 6/ fhe Sphere of. whith a) the minh port, 1S Ca Hea) ~~ Contre _of On atuas ~@ ~~ “oe S Princple ons Sb ie Pee Shatgnh line Joining fre Conhe. | Gua vais ® Polk. fF = PC-CP 2 i & a 2 og ees eee 3% ni rts one ia Sg mee eee _peiauple axis ai G— 0" —= eee _ then -H fek phe el — §ecQ@ — 91 f —- SS — i i _ 3 is so = vv 3 — wv > — rf Q per bore a mirror 1S Cmal| pl — 9p i mS Acne a ARNTAN eo 8 “hoses ~~ ave Hayd one Vuy _tloser fp purope avr. — ae 2S Qing —> 0 —— fan8 —0 “ BEN tang = tan2 = fh = - m0 A In 28 5 ade xg - 3 oe a7 A i e c © é Le g | @ @ | | ywas Focal plane: —— is Qneane minor eo Cn Ce Cn a = Le Govek _mirree = ie me dO ED —€. ae & oe wee ic Eee . ca Gaacninea ‘i (rGereereae Qavenbea) es —@- STAM giGiudes Gan tmeasued Pom fae bole Conipnfa “© Diekincer measmed {a ty _divech'a al nudtenk rays __€— : ont taken ov positive —C © Dickante measured [in Pre _ diver his “ofpostl bp frak_ of i Uneitlen} yays axe taken ay alive. © Distanto chove Ie prinupct aris one faker oy +e. — © _Or'sante betoa’ ge axis ov fren a5 Ve. ~— ey = eas a (otal Neng f Gneave And Convex — majfror. ~ + —— oe _—©. Qn cave ley (fan) ee NO fe ane ’ a a __for ho¥h_ i = Ds Gnearee Win & ri 8) Gt tees -D)_ conver rnisnor _[f=Ae) SEERA —— aS pi [aa poe oe ee aN, _for__bo ne —— aa 9 Gnvreya Mirror a py __) Gavon fens > =) a eon gta toto — \ 4 mage fonmabon of Qacave ral4nor a Rls oc Jonage frmabion SS aE @ {| (es a iE Nosmod oblique Qaer'de oe Lacidente « VSebULOEUUULOB’ LOU el aah’ Boi e a eae at), , oi Cage T:—_obyjert_al oo _\ pest she ag Chavackeristics of Smage fincas ot P. Q eol Voverted ae S font Size | Snyphly Arnica CN ca ee Pmognfisotonl = ft pumas Tea te — 1) dmage 0S 4 ® Pene i atanaleng: = Len Per foie Tegel ee Op Degen Micisintemn s ae N) Rew © Javerbed WW) Olonnis bed ty) isan 8 on EN aoe “cbjear_of C, 6 al Chana eft’ Hee of eee 2 fail —dmoye ob SC le yt) Real & _daverhe, = ee ‘i Same = " i ty) (rel= \ m=-] 3S “> Cage INE Object ba 0.» F. Chonacteu'stics Jrauge © dmage focenea be Yond © et Reol _& wor Manified Imgee / Enlorge ct Seema fa? BoM > c : ; i i Chonadkeris tice of Genage 0) donaye mer aS) Sy Se Real 8 dnveiheat = i In) Highly Magn) fies | Cnlonpas = iv) InLos I 9 ra 7 posedlel regs — Case Ni? Object bla FWP. Ch or.a.n huts bee of Sogye © Snag, an other Site of my Mor ® \Unbuot U bred @ Magar TFGUOVOHLOOO BS he co le wg —Amage Prmabons of Gaver __miinnor aa © Rules foe Image formate, : E \ = ee ES Woplieve incicbecte ; Case §: objert out any posibin €xcept co PT PPP PPP RAPP ppp pps NO hom aterstte. of Pena Hi & et: isa aes) Image i's Pored 09 opfosike Silo , S 7 : 4 Mtyroy a = aay av i 1h) Mibu % reer o~ tl shee |e SAR Lome TED wished ‘ om Sac Ge Meine cee a na cee : Case LG Objet ab co, | Chanachershies Of. Imoye, \) dmage Us firmed 0.9. Ope. Qide ralnrer 1!) Atkust % Bret hn Dironi's hed ae eee) a rao ase OO Ves Story a Ae eat ROR aU Pree ~~ = A lace “nirac, Ce flee ingen Bee = ie Tove Fea —_Magaifiea_ ksi Cabj ar are 5 obj vac pe aoe Te we = tt) Drnterbed cimn icbag (obj oboe , obj beyond ¢ 5s) Creer -/ippriget Ertan Cobj bn PO) 7 mmo ve 5 a ie LENZ ~ ‘ieee tN _(Cxntvinye tuinay, can docrn : Imag 4 “—\s sal = \) YpAa he & dimnisbeot (always) 5 ea) bea Wy y > MS AE oO) 2 a ee iz @ ® | ~ Tytg10% Fovimuta, {> focak leagh 2 __imoge estan, Mite E ce a be olislanee fe) v _riftelo0 avs? v PD Ps “Dasie fae fla — \) Concare Mitvis, 7p Ppp a © din SOiMC. id = x Nery Gea Oporhono sf 7 —) Smet aD S198 — & NS pony Conver. el tnae +5 mn Cee < : & x4 fp = 2 (x4r) : Z ; eae ard oe ae UK. fh oe ay Ww = Li Focal lengfns of Contave and Lonver. Mirrors. a == ny Ci © SG Lo MOOS te 61606 ee tt q Ox e Lineon Magnification {Lateral mag nifi'cabo? [rasiese Moyes e } me eight yf dye ne ky <0 Herat y. obseok ay, “ : Denne: of See U VY) Concave minor PPparpyag p pp | pp ——_____ wu) Coven Miwnod AD, An objet 20m high ts plated _pupeastiPulest2- Sale mivnoe eh 1) [oem Wy) Sem 19 foot y a Gacave WN N06 of Sadi, (annette TESCiova fina the —posthoa , tre tage i'n nature, _magnifirmtion aad hernt 4 [r= 3 mls if ¥ Chester tHe oF ¥ magarhiod Image gee C = Sem ) E oO : Read G9 nverte J¥e Ho on I at | wots ft Grek tNisihob ¥ magni Piel Grragy = |Bee fail arya |e Atrnghaltcrech- G ¢ ),. A Som long “eectte 19 placest oem fost a Onvese © mf nor of frcol Lengin 40 Cn «Pinel Ihe position , Nature _& Gnd size oj me Ynuaye_y- me Prtedlte. whol apis — g to Ire Sree a) doage —_tshon Ye rail 1S moved feimu ss R094) fiom We milton 3 = Wh fal lunar i Nee UF = clox4o — fog = Pom ne _u-f “lo-4o #58 Pip Par NEg Ciel aro ee aaa moe | i Peer ie: i ET ON Oe toyed | ms fv = * Dim Abed 19 Size — he eC 2 a a when the needle 15 Moved Jase: dda: obra myros , Image ~~ wlll become Smatler _and weve Foon — fetus. = nae = nn ot 6 oo rie __&~ ce ~ — C [Le | QV An Object is ploved Te ean | loom fora 0. Conewre pqy'y nor 4 Hordli'uy GJ en 4.09.0rn-» Fiod the Nature one i ae tee HO Xs205— Dog, Tio oy! ) > = Bi es N= .- ae = Cag Atubuad Jaye o =m eat ae aes eee ee = * \Nity al + Greck eae i oe one! a ae iro ee ee OO er A A © VV An ok pj) 18 _plared abo distance 4 'sen_ floma non mu nor MB. ne fowl tha ditstane af SO, oy re yny'1n0, Cal cwlate tro nails 4 Quyyrohre af Me nglor. a.) oom, oe C) 20 Om aes oO aedbbbsvobeo yoo On Goncasre yrt'ainor chygy Q_Soeclts Dasiohint 94 Biter Gy shin etait eal You fra 9 An object fora Ine Mitre. fifo 10992 vs formed thab 1S 5 & 1) Athituol and 40. bmes Mme _ size oY the oy e UW) Steal and $8 hime _hv__ Size_¢ eo e Wy) steak and \ fie, Me _ 832 2 ee Bs aS a )) Ne Z i z a on - © _& in > , ply dp cal lengin lot et 7 p eta by “Sty C)_ lotey eae ) Read Fnurerked deage whe =U £ fa P-Uu ef CO Nivea Bee Aeeco {ime 4 Leg peeks peut f i ape tu a Mas ce objec flor a Concave mirror af a So Mak frnage 1s e. , e (When an object “ty plored Ob a_clishaae of £0 2 m a *Convek Gphouicd are, Mee magonficaken freodesceoy ~€ Vs Vo. tohwe Should Iho object _be plored bo gee __ ~ e. Wie magar ficsien of a ~a)[g08 Os kt eee eninge ce LAS (ee = 4 Jug) 010 a laaaaaaea 9 Who tno Arstanre gf an_abjed fiom a Concave Haire _ & ts deoeoe fon ‘160m bo Jem, the mage geht magnified G- Tg Hewe tnan rok ih flack flow. _Caloudole tre fie _ [tengin of fae _enigyg0r, ee = Yah ak ae TSN I, ee Je c C 9) __B\ aces ____ aT as gm iiss | wiry if i RTT. ———— f= (fa, ae ie. _} oe ee hae Ve i - \—__ Pao iu ptis ce a ey ae ) SPynet is ae! ae == OF Bs ; > on Conse mirror of focos Longin fv — an image = uiren 16 Vn Benes Ine obfedt « Tre alt’ tame sue dinas Ib} ect A oe tarp a aaa Mee 8 an ee ie ae a Pee f= np afte We Pen) Nasa! wana 1 | | 0 e LUO SENS © * om Ge Oe Squoe_ Kaltne gf fide 3-0. Cn 1's placed 25 Ce. uty En porn a Gn carte ats of Peal team lotr .._labhat— e- TC Mme ea enclosed by Ino Image bp fre lating & - (re Cenree of fre taline 13300 Pao Ayr's of rue Mi'nnoe a TS dio “Sider normal tote rer’) — ex tem e Ye Cro Se eye AGry ee cl) cn | | See a Valle tourer Pe Diy rou oi So ue? ae NPD § é¢ Foca Power Bats est ns SS—Nature q Socat tat = Aieying Diagnony — 9M tinoe Kengin (FY | Pai a - S ; Rae ~@ ae aN +Ne Converging, —— — Nor io e. : Bias Pe (er (ca — = Co aN cic os Ceo | Mer [aaNet he == 1 ora i st = oT > Eanes of a plane Yotyinge Rese See f oem A ii : Grrapa of b 2 tL for a Spheres Minor. 1) Conyen Minvor yar rn a MN) Gyatase vat roe ae (es eseovvovvvuyuvooceoddd el Piha Ive pasivien of drage afk eflersors, uf fisur ste iflecton cite oe a) Horn Figak Of 0 IG Cm righ of 0 b) tem Yep t Yo . oe altar! nye 9 0- NIN M ANH AD ODD Pp VS Aiituel objeok - Nie URI i sues xee, Cop e790. Up es ale ) “ i eile ys Z Aird We Pinot daoge ei Wa fees vary rie ie bars Heflectia fy @agtdesed JAGR ceietM yh) dn HEE 4) (atm teft oo pn laf ea if Bin) Notm vigntojo cl) tuner left go —— eM t—Snidoatr ore —__—_—__— > 2 ae we pal pee >— > ay ae aun 3 for tt) 3 2 : i o , (lover: role) = —_f = 90tm os = J AUST lonco eeTo 4 Uj = TRoem 4 Iolo 1 Bao ] om - 2 [os NU 400% ee 3 ae = Fall e é te bo Ne Uf. sbemta Os aly a Yor y Co ¢lo a Qntave a Q An abject 1 placer 2ecatly _ mids oy me ae Mp0 of Hadivs © f Cunaburs “00 rns minner of _nerclian % Guirtature Jom» a fevce Vgc ofa cnc _ Ome soca ape? zs by Fre ratun nel posing me _ieinje freee Quecensive Ye Plecbionsy bist Ok tno Contarte rat Z Tron ck fre Gave inne ne dee tM sai \frefuoe , Qlem fom Coven Fa CUiiits pete ») Nihil onc pomia Conve miso c= bee) Rest, ON On Rom Convex mie = BP ieee ene yn Gowen omyroe ___— oe 7 oe eae ao a it S ag were Noe soot te Be 5 ie ees BE eon Cea Ca oe a - eK he (near ee =00 race AACR AS ape eae ce = : a 7 as tind alfa from Gaven vnicroc aS ue om fe ia a a fe Gown fe Ho eer a a = SoC boat a sccm SE Xan : & ee ee eee © ¢ Adan ok eck is loro of a chs kate yf B6Cra fora on Goren —mldsinoe . A Plane Mivnor 1s placec to bla Go Mor bre bon \hitual Imag es So forrnrd Coincic . ifs. bre plane minor js ot @ Aishane 9.4.0 idm boo : obyer Find me saotity af tes af ts Qo von rdiror G) 18 ern b)24 Cry " —J$ 60m of) 40 Sere eee ry; dt, | | | @aseuvodwso Yue] — Relation bl Nelocity of Object W Velocity of Image (S__ Spherical Minnors fs . ea ¢ 0 Jn spherical minnors, We carl _clnscuss 4 Cos ~ a a o f mi of oe re a es oo o o| = & & i Cay P: when object move along __poureipal_ axis. POPP ann 2917 . Nit eg ay im Fina ee Jeage along. prepa ORE P mC) Kens 0) eal De) Heats —a Ba) Howls ang e ; =2otw . Ate_uf = 69s 90 Mirror Zz = uf ~ boo (eur) —. = ooze tn " = 2. a a a << ce f mp 0 5 Ge Year = Tha =. ——), > NaN =) p= 908 x ue Be = Nye} ofa a a © Flot \etoc raaig,o_Citons, princes par axis. a) $:2 erals i 9 of AN 6-6 Cr 5 e) ee s)) ~S-6 Cy]5 3 ie nolo Z SES) Hee a eC a ices =) eae Sea ab. ea 2 y Wie Bcon\| eS = ? y = ANS eae 2 sama — a = = Mo = Ee Hb a | ee Nez u ener a al a AER OX ee “ee it be S-Len fe. a. Ua rc SE may a f <=? Constant Sr = ee in a Hu Here (5 Crent- Bs fe a Gor cma are ca_sbje morte 1 fo ae xt) < — oO = e& e fe . Ld hy e ic Bo ao ) , eaten ve Difh ory : tis Dict tNO Ueiee lAg , “a alt y oe fag > epee eis Mahe B Bs la : Paes MOLARS LAUR A > elt a sh TORE : f = Ty tg Wy ob," eG aaa Ee ay in pe 3 = “ge a os Ab dy oi Fing mo —Vetou'ty of bese “Prpenatode fappnefol_ ani ae ) 9.0 rn > tea ee ae a Se Teal ie | Nic Uf =Yor=20 _ Uf HYopan ma cae? was — == Bib = (aud «Home arte ‘ ae Voge Teale | ef, prir wa Case + wine Objeck move oF Sore "9, loath Pe an Poracipol Axis m0 Finel_Malacl a Fenagye aes, ae a Bee eo. meee ae Me 0 ie) ee geval 9 ee i a oss al Se Se ig Ee a yee os | ge le = ce War: °F Jotw— e i Lf 2000. ieee - t= f= -20 5 a Saal Se = NC eo eon goo - —G0 os u sai = 30 #29 on oa a = Oman alle meee : i 2 ToS = eae . rs Vo = (gyre RY —Salbenle cata a i ; A (— erat ia Oe Ee eq eis aa Eee a nia 0 Mma. ' = Diff wre y e — Vidlho g > tesa a eee eee Sp i ~ ty ey) ss ET Fic! (aaa Func Saaas Bare m Vis =—Cemly VeJuatret When 6 | eek move _ pools bo pxtin cipal NK IaG (ina ear of Fenoye i mA i OGG GdCCeeeeers see” & FS 4 a ~ Y Qe Scmls + ‘ 9 < ab oe ES Lafgois ake aan | i fe yen NG = TAXLe ~ Gero, ae pi f= 200% : ene 2 Wego ic NBCU ae Coomae ees 3 eas fees) ~~ filong wal fe =p—i lide ee Mi Non U ~~ @ @ e Co" Ligier) ye CYdKg eos oN + KAO Ky, = 8) x2_ = (60) x0 7 =P -3oVg, = 16 gece 5 ace Nay One | Noy = “Ys or] ] a a Af 0 Roms i Ale J &tt (oe) eda SIDMPPO MPN PARAPRD NODS do OOK HD A BRO® ea | (Boor s) fR of ce hon t aS : RePachion of. Ligét * ee Mp nthe gt travels ne Same heragene os rote vr » Ub Srewrety alorg % _ Shautged par, : : Bo toed), aha ted pas Rl a eae aE anon mediun of diffieot _ ophcol densi} t peat! yb bends _ Ons bending af vga ar he bounclany sp Sehonahing hoo _meci'a 1's Called —fR eftuchin es “8 OPTICAL Denoty ( 1) 2 1. Medina 19 which tyg@ F aoa ophtalty Farey = tryed ig _smeading D2. Mesa to vahi'cn ligak__——>_ophtatly dear, : ~~ frantels — Sfover a y es ~~ = es a ae pt A See |) ontop > Wa ——] Vf HTS enter ~a = Speea Of Liga In_med iuro = Optica lency'hy iS Mea Suned by a dey —, ee es i — Refruchve i dndese (B) nd s i [Une aa- wa) Ap ies ia | Nienectt'uey ® @ for Cramp les. Cx Harn = ! < Ophical ECG clengy’ ee SS eerens | hace Hastokin2 1B ——— gg ~ Abgolule dlensity jas Is eo : “eatanront = 2, meanm " ¥ Muka “ade? , Sheects oy liye 33 fines Kem “ae ‘A ee eee e of _—e @ Obbicat density (RE) of glass is _ =IS wrt ox eis TER Speed _9f Liga fh lags. _____— __ os iia ia —¥ ophical density 18 aliffeunt fom mass density & Woks C= . kerosene fa eS) 133 a aS _ Seo Kg [m2 [eo (69,08 e | 11 Quod Me normat ae (zh) ot aa =. Proay fom tm Novas the ay _— ae ‘S sh se, where Iigat alooyn't bea }Nlosimext Jocideate ~ LOFTS a : SO Vises ea i - =—3_ % Refrackivee | Thi ex af @ wet Q. ~~. { Me = \ cae oe —~ cl j ~~. Ha wd We : -” O) Mg = Mg — Mw (KPa) gla wrk ~s Bes \h ae ee = =@. be s ag!) Ue = ue a aa (RLo) * wrt y ) = ee i x « : és @ Noke: Frequenyy cl epenc only on Cras oe eee é. Te Paaive (noter to _fems_0f? talaveleng the —__—€. &. i Le) i AY sheed oy Ligat to waky gus One Nu? 22810 my p nae =Ogjotms , Find absoluke Re Y gate, 82 Geum glace. Also fit __siefrackive _thdex af glass wrk ge ete as 3 e& re TO = Dae Sons ee ee x Soa a ei Ao Ce & 7 ae10e & a) ie a A = | (bs ~ rie = : _ ee ee | ae) Bias ae ” ee a ies eeu ee _} © e We $0 A\ oak oy atarrelenghn booo f'n St Cokas 2 Medion = niefiach vo foclee 1S Whol vail be fe 3 Fequeny anc apes of light Ne Wnok creche 3 = ~ —— —— fees fe is) 6 EES > ahs = sate a NAcc Pee —_———___— Oa a ee Pn ee 1s = = i =a ——— B Mears > Ss & jae | ! ~— 2 @ Freqorney 19 mnediurn * eqauenes tn On Ss @ Y > = Ox \ok RIE =) nod Go00 Kio? =A (09 =e (Ca kL aaa oa jae S not Ie | | p LOWS Of “Nefrachin the inertia He fu cred ray i And Normal jie 1'o Same v (cy : _hlare = — Qh Sells Low. Z ce Ns Maho Sint of angle oJ jnc'dmto to The Sine of fre_angle af sie fra citon 1S_Cantdank_ for OW gineo aN a pee SPSOCCOLHEECLCEEUOSSS lesa aba) c \ek ) eo ! —€. __ Wee —& Hu (Meaiuw2) : & a a e +—_____ .— te — Sn = Sle Sins Te Bal 2 Oonsinak ee 01) eS Lo Sn ES . ~ a _6 —— © Stati ey he “ Siny ~~ ses a - rca o Soi My E ~~ = 7 — Ei Gin O aie a c _ & ce : as fa tS : = e ange © Ta : Pe Bip... i & as Beats fo Mo= Fh i> © ° : Ha Sin® = HoSl0 99" yi é 3 Pi . 1 Sin Sn £ > Sasa 0253" 9 & . oe » ene off qQ Ray due b Refrachin (¥) . UB es cope menace a bh : . ee eee, ee 3 geal : > ~ . 2 RNG i s — $ On, ; we _ 5 Pind angle af Hefruchiea And angle of dlour'aha, “>. “oSin t= Haier u a = ANG = Gav = AEC 2 Sme ~2 a : ~ Sake a ? = a = ( - Frid the heed _o} Nigar in palit "ft eo! Of I'ghk = “medium "bh 1S ai al Caspeea tt bh in i ~~ es eftaelh ee Wraohtien ‘a’ fo. mein’ 1A Ising Lf! Yaw eae ie ee ee @ 2 Se Sa : 25 Ee - wor Asta ay_of ee is [nerdent on a Wanghorent 9 ese. _ / glah 6 op reflachive jndacB. if he ve sof lebed andl ae Hays One he ee Whak iC hie _Gngu of -C. z ee nT , | les 0)) SOU A A ea rw) = b) a e a a x [ad a a ee 2, =o LEA era Co ac a (ee ous ae a ko) e Lyredo- tL —HaSlat = Hy Sine = Sey Wn een = . a : ee L:Sint nnmcany es eel ae aa Ronee om i merce © i "pg ease fe € : 1 t SS — vo) ae — = CE a ‘ SDs) CH ee MiSint = hi Sine 3 Sint =Vine 3 <2 — oo ii Lee A W9et Joy 1S Tnadenb on a_glass Spbo.e 9 vefachive Uncles” We (Date ata Incitlente Got 4s Shan In a Find tho Ongles 41, dnd Ino toh — dowrah on bey hoo xefrachons ie HaSinGo"_ HaSinr — ie = £1Sor =e co So" nels = geheee & , oO Hy Sino = HaSine ———— a4 8 Lx Sine Ss 30 oe E e366 4 em 2 Lia | ti. Apparent —clephn. text Depm 9 SEEN NPN ONDS® Real dep =4 Abpaseak Aap —d? tant = AB % faaene ec eee tant = = Fe eo Hoy “mus be Nowy Nery clue od 29 = Moped pupil 1S Small = BREN Ha Nets Vet Senet Gn US joad |) sect aealg oon ny: UPint = McSiov "PINT D PN N pip | » ee “Ss A 9 (\) See Pry and _answu he Dllavding Oveal 3 Aina Apporen hagnt oy tro bibte SD) AE Vohak alistanr Maem » Abpear to Ine fica 2 _ AT Spporeat depth of im flrg ape = ome “9 _) Ak wha di'shnee Toni fi fe Dawa Bs. <3 = race fo tre bind. 2 ae ae ee RE iy es ae ae acy ey 2 eerah eS Se eee! ae pee ey | T= Gem " ae) tees 94 m = > DN Are - 36 = ne ees Be ay le oe jaa we s ~p—|\, BteoE = a = A aie page is _kepe ressea by a_glat.s Cube (wars) - Of edge _G'6Cro Pu hag. a vallll pre et ee “Abpen” fy be SM vPhect when Vibaed Baca ae else Ee) Ba oe) res 2) 10 cn _b) Lown "a zs 7 P a _Shrovitouk Shift 9 acl ae Tou Fe al Joa, Jolla) = tof 1 L416 ( Cap jsa( e Wale. Com (ob eb'GOCCC Os *™ ~ eS 5 ee ers Als 46-2 4o 2 Bi = A tank Coola tne la (re meee ae ron lre ~ Pownce es of wate ih “refrachve ind oglafe net i SD __Thiclenass Cm. The serond layer / is of ol wih _ Hofuctive Inder Fr and Wickens cheat Cro _tahile Ine Inivd layer 1 | 7 of glycerine eal stofrachive index 2 and ee _ ei ae Gf bee foto we Container. — . Rae Kh = 3h Ev al = ie “Bi poe STAG perryrt @@ L e I=) t + » 9 re - Ss 2g « ee Serf = dif IL.) td, a ) 4d (\4) = | ~a(14) eae oe 2 ' gine nh + ma uel aes aa Sem, eee Ss ~ App. ciprh 2 Alea = 14 << Pa ee a ia pe tees Orie Apporeat depth jes | a a. C o got mY —_ 9) Fo Onn oS _ ca a ae sol a nee a |e f) eG eyo Om < & e d) eter Oh pe) © glam gre f _Dreslts pe ~ 5 : Co sph e a1) Jen fied ) +4/ ig J & E a ooft--L) ‘86 Lyte tel.) e | ot a eee 20 Ss 2 a aabiag 6206 4 7 a a fire ul) dl = 300m bE re ae at Ns. Wis fo OE _|dle F0.¢m laeieage ae Te PLOTS a GO" ila 666666 Nae * Apposeat daph= Po+20°> [00 ESD AES. (ely ande ED ai “9 \V/ Fina De dicionts bla dura _image of fisé (ohn ref beta =~ » vofhowe He flechdo fam _miynoc_) 3 D_wihouwr sieflechos Vio He au al ate INR ae 3 = ae) won _10fe chin H = Ha CL See cal ae 660/64 o> _chishanry bpfin 4000 trogen © 26-1 P= TP SO Nod oe * 4 es a = ZA Gocare —enisizin hes dadiin 4 Osvatear of ocr HENS atthe bottom ofa glass tha hoy wake, e fea up by Str (Se fyy. Ff 4 Sraa\| porhtle 3 V's Jo abing On Ine Mag wake, it tnage z Seen, mm cline chy Aboxre the lase Jo oka == Aistance ol foes Ine Sur fave of hale.» To \olue. e a fren Ine Sufi of wo » Me \alve yd & 7 cua Closes pa aan ae cae $a oe BGs ARs ue Us oe Fb) ISG om —-E atl ae Or erg) a acd a al) Me is Gorm re Ee a oa nl ct a 3 as = = a Sar vs 9x4 7 a ae : S| 5 amy SU A oe an (ae as Ss ty 3 = [iene ein (Gtad\e., ee Pipe rPppes A Ho ites Ha is i ae i Ci NT on : am elec 4g dl} q 7 ae (ae : ea linn Le "Refrachion {hraug’ Q glass Sas. SSA clab eer fred cohen a edn ) ts __tsolatedt from ths Suynourrting by. 9 hso__plane _Suaficer —_fauallle! Io _¢ach ofits, ee ee > a ist Slab and > 3 > 2 2 Surface He e a Shy ie hrouga, Cm Yass Sab. . or so Suufare ! He = e ; = a We ce & = Aaa [ad = bx TP rnd Supe + : my ems ecoueee (8) si} = honnt ve = dace tien (4 44) = EtHh of E(I-4) Nok : : i 4. Rays should be ponanial. Q. Medium Sfould be are on bon Quidvs 4 Slab. B+ SHiPh 1s lodlepensient gy —ohleets stance - eer. (Riffing occur vA di vethiin og fF Snot Iigat ) ane DIO) OID adie nawea aii it. f ny ace Ne (shifting oceu tn Oppo. cliecbin, oo LOE ae Uh of Incident Light J. : (D Alnd- cLishatr oy Pinad mage Oi ae “4 ice 1 OF en Paget ae : f ip UA loc eae ) 5m __Rrgeat Eon Lop % Sift (8) Ef) Sea pease Ge ic a ee es p—_ chi (0) #18 ( eve Ix(.03.}. Mabie Sea, | Ce in divtechun y 1Mcident {ied | et > © A_20 Cin imei iy slab 4 _Mefrahve rade. : Stig a in” te ano _ratiror, Fh cae. Bice the posi'boa sofabic tr miyyior) os Seen by “an eee trough asf fab 3 Meg lao —hites—A_pat! ve 1S Rept s'n ano a dishonte of o¢n = fen M™iyglor la = aE sere | Gate Cia >. K ae On SS ts 2 Sc!) too/s tm rt SS aia pass gets \ Soa eal Sion ae a ce tof Oh 2 bo So Siem Pes a See ema “20/6 Loo/. GQ = 900}. % S fo/: (Final Image ) Ce denoge dis). ae Minor = Yo-2 = oe Sf bdededouus ae A_for'at ‘objat oO Ls plated ta_frond of onto mnlgipar of cl _lengin tots. A oloss = Slab gy. Sethe bla gi=2n ood tices tea fete ba _Yro_object = and minor. Pinot Ine —B__joage thon tne clictenee , ° 4 thn of fino Bown te e : ; Sem from mittor 0) (Zo Boog mi woe ») Le miner wen er {lem fon fry'vaye Cy) toca f (= (14) = G (Ir) + be = Qe C= 42 [Ne Berto. Zo erisin — Means shift iin oltvechoo | —__ —o 1a cident ay ~DHD oF PPP LP PLP KK HHP Npepers —K Midinor ko opjet ol pe cliKheg a. fects VEE Te Slox9a fe is TST | ) Hence frat rage t's 92 om free Ve _ nim: "a 0) reals dees! .. CO aicerseiana cn = ea : Nok ee é ee Sig mel Mt a= ao ae = shift (6) a [sured cena . ; = + (= Ae meas (cee eee Hslab stale] a S| shif} mh eC > i Saree - : ji i 3 Bind diileg oy = © Ree ay con rH Wisin or 9 Seen by eve => 5) leo [ope oo a ean a fico. i peo eceby ee mE = rE oN eae os) == = e » |» {o E18 (y= —Eern pers |

—“ornpasite , Shave —= a Find the yet Shift. i vi oom }) 29.0% BSc a) 4fcem - Nek shift Aas rating fo do “win ne ——— om PSE ose Sie eS Meer ou See EE pee es Pa 95em—| fe 2 eee ee waite Sig —: fi “2 Boft-L) + tof = 4) as (121) oly awe asad fo tlo hos 20> a & oar yaa & a = © € oo ¢ (29) Lakenal CUi'splacem ent frogs _Q. glass cote meee | | a, A Sy : cident Ro AL4 J: Sint = B-Gion Comaagsal i > =u . ALD H-Sjor = |-Sine i bi > ALLE Le P 4n AARC @sr= AR el AG mee s AC Cas > a A 2 20 HALO Qn Coa) 2 AC RR Act > Ac Sinton) >. sae (ae @s Pa: er = 8 = SRS cee dl 9 Cory eo —————— OCs (Mai ~ Cat’ tany) = (siot= Gals ) rep | | Yraa Thon Z z vf = = if me ! : = | — en, aes sy led lla Lo Avene a ene. eee a> Kefrachve Viner tH) aes is aot ey @nordences— | | \ | | © oe i ee ~~ i ~ Q Pind Me Lateral Shift fa liga rqy while th posces Vorossy_ a ponallel glass Slab al Pnictenons 302 ern placed in cus} a o ‘ho Angle gy _tneidente fn cy 60’ ano Ino angle of LU frthng SD in glare fy 30° 9 4) tom < x9) om Ueco Me Gy j es PIC _btm OU ee tay ° a 3 tm, a Oe aN > See asin) asi Pare nae Cor 2 ie 2 Se 2kex Vy = Zem = (os30° By bl p ~. 3 -1.\ Sp i) ee eg ea ooo 2 Ria Sf ptesnte_] — } Ae %— Mar Ree it Sht > Max Cn St Minturn — ~ “Hlenre, [ee90 Te E90 T= Gigo” 7] aig | forel eeesvousss ee Xe Maximuro lateral cli'splacement 1S Faual fo Vhitcfoness | — 9 — Fleas alah. Ure) e (- Cn Cos © Ox giitical fae forall 4nternol Ref leehion e —— om i ' Garaging aes eaes. i — r me a o = 72 a Aas Ber” an \ en Sie 4 ele — oa ee paid aie ee i ee fe Reflect es Stats ee Zi} da Hpi ae eee ee oft dh abt dnhenal Refleehy va (T1) U_ Want shoud be thoitlent foce Denser hx Rave, Medium 4 a8 URGGhs Refiach'en aUe= OUT Hon Gira ecvengen eee | mz thon MPlat_inteann Reflech'on ies) | G Cove of tigntis refectea ) r i Coleatar' sn fon Critical frgle (c), by SNac™ piSier uate ' Ha Sine = bi Sige ae i , . Ha benten { Sin ¢ HL | As Le - SinC= He J Ho Tantn ooo a(S) ¥ if Hanen medium |S a + (Hix > > > x rs Cuil angles ae Greneeally pets Werk > ‘x4 | Maceur, > : — Ora be Value of ccathcal angle fe a aaa of — — “C) URGE oa ( |? | Vee dos 10 ls 3) ; ~ | a [Q 2 e 2 Ip a > ae __ toler fa re ; NC oe es = 5 Ki a -— Ca — in ze = a = > Caltobe fox fet “Op gh IM Meshitiry | whos e Chel Ong is 0" eae ae .. a) 2x0 mls a palesnccee le a MOE He ® ® ® rpicalahs The Cat hieal Cungle fur gloss = oo Guifee Ti OF 8 yf Mgnt which |S jacideot In oe on © the gloss Shes fi ¢ 15 devialed -mrmght 1s’, whts e Angle” gt inciclonce rg aS? a) 30° Y Ce by us’ S)_ G0’ Ny * 4) nore. \ ) giless S : = IeSin us" = HeSingu .e a = AX 4. J2 ps — Sp, Ge IRS Ee kK Yo ‘i © f the nefindiee inde of ales 1s oui on a —1 : -rigfachve Jaclen of a liquid ref stay Shres —novreully — bo prim. be - oC sie ae oa Ae e We 4\ a0 Sar . Mp i a Sa a or — ce es ‘ OT AB 2 BY Ham ff ia : ¢ s ‘S of Find fro ane sieftachon [named [w2) 12 loa ee Light IS _Incidend ta \laceuns maa king an_gngk. Sia 0 = = i ~~ aa aaa ; ohio = [¢=20) o> ft 6 = s L ~~ SW Na te Ox Sine —S + = Q* Min ofp We GSYinl \ = aa ea ad / 2 ee 2 GQ iP y _ vFicat Ange: 18 that angle of tacitlente tna alenpes ee mole m fea waht angle of Sofa hin ae Kanes _mestivea if Qo) Hogs emeg e) grazing re Pua fa oe es ~ ial Me ati @eeadtet QO gon foltovain doy _ollag sim _, Catoulabe as 2 Sheed _of Wo In Hara gf einlcnown —94q In oh've Ind aes iz Axeiotm|s 8) eB KIot ms 0) bait ms 4) OF KIFm]s pit it | AR AY AY, : on : = fants 34 a ae : a ee ee i = ne a ee mae eT 2 : ae! ey Asay GN ole So Meine C108, | ao 3 an SATO Pa ae, meres Pig, Shows A xay ay ltght filling normal j 94 pe “AQ ofan He Re f im. fawning __1efa ve tinder 3, plarea_in Ve se frechive Inder YY, ol tl brig roy Su) Motel ln be jnoel Heflectis on Chntchng Yo face Ac? ashy yous Pos a if aL 70 eee ies rin pps tT nie | | } n an =~ ail? : [ie) 2 Sint = ee Met Slo. 3 + 2 sO . i 3 Qin t= SSineome G i nt a 8 Te eae fils . ge 2 ee za oa Cea I's si fa — r Sine © a ae MD Henre : Thaw ona tao CIR i ze > © V7Omplte tre i Cy A maple 5 ee a a ae he eee er rs jada DS Hene TR =~) 3 a aa sha pan af My te ta Fg > dad | Re 2 a c Sane ors te Ta. Ps By Mole PePlecking Pris i ex f ® ¥ by Of WORE” Keo gyr tury G Korchia « A) Graplede tne fom roy 0240" * fu goo — —_attence. 2 oe oe ae rR A “Cire “of clermnances ere! @q@eeeqcvvvvrv,r”" ”~ aime aes ie 2 ae “= ey eA eee iis + Preq == = RU o@o or PE snare aro SR ee ae wee 0 TA lorge glacc Stab _(H=5/3) of. micknets Been ES pleted”: ‘oN a ht Sotire CY I'ght On plane Stuface . Jt ts Seen thot light © our tre_top _Dosfte of ne _9Io 2 Se ad's Kom. what fs Yho \tolue gf R. © eee tan © ee i te 1 Qa fe 7 a a Re Gtane Gace 2) ma & Re Rx tenga’ Se Xe x3 5 { ME RE om ° i Ty

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