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Che 129 Lab N3

The document summarizes a lab experiment to measure the enthalpy change when solutions of sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid are mixed, solutions of ammonia and hydrochloric acid are mixed, and solutions of sodium hydroxide and ammonium chloride are mixed. A calorimeter was constructed using Styrofoam cups and the temperature change of the reactions was measured using a thermometer. The enthalpy changes calculated were -53.086 kJ/mol for the reaction of sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid, -49.324 kJ/mol for the reaction of ammonia and hydrochloric acid, and -3.8 kJ/mol for the reaction of sodium hydrox

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Shayden Leslie
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79 views

Che 129 Lab N3

The document summarizes a lab experiment to measure the enthalpy change when solutions of sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid are mixed, solutions of ammonia and hydrochloric acid are mixed, and solutions of sodium hydroxide and ammonium chloride are mixed. A calorimeter was constructed using Styrofoam cups and the temperature change of the reactions was measured using a thermometer. The enthalpy changes calculated were -53.086 kJ/mol for the reaction of sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid, -49.324 kJ/mol for the reaction of ammonia and hydrochloric acid, and -3.8 kJ/mol for the reaction of sodium hydrox

Uploaded by

Shayden Leslie
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lab#: 3

Title: Enthalpy of Neutralization

Date: 13 February, 2022

Objective: To measure the enthalpy change (ΔH) that occurs when solutions of sodium

hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) are mixed; the enthalpy change that occurs when

solutions of ammonia (NH 3) and hydrochloric acid are mixed; and the enthalpy change that

occurs when solutions of sodium hydroxide and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) are mixed.

Materials:

1. Two Styrofoam Cups

2. Thermometer

3. 50 ml Measuring Cylinder

Chemicals:

1. 2 M Hydrochloric Acid

2. 2 M Sodium Hydroxide

3. 2 M Ammonium Hydroxide

4. 2 M Ammonium Chloride

Procedures:

1. The calorimeter was constructed by putting one Styrofoam cup (small) inside a second

(big) which ensured minimal heat loss.


2. A 50.0 mL graduated cylinder was used to measure 50.0mL of 2.0 M HCl.

b. All the acid was added to the calorimeter and the temperature of the acid was

measured. This was the initial temperature, t i.

3. 50.0 mL of 2.0 M NaOH was measured.

b. The entire base was added to the calorimeter with the acid and immediately began to

stir. The temperature was read and continuously read until maximum temperature was

reached. The maximum temperature, tf .

4. The thermometer was removed, and it was rinsed with distilled water and dried. The

solution was discarded, and the calorimeter was dried with a paper towel.

5. The experiment was repeated using the other two pairs of acid and bases.

Results:

Content 1 Initial temp(℃) Content 2 Total volume(mL) Final temp(℃) T (℃)

HCl 26.9 NaOH 100 39.6 12.7

HCl 26.6 NH4OH 100 38.4 11.8

NH4Cl 26.7 NaOH 100 27.6 0.9

Calculations:
Discussion:

Enthalpy is the measurement of energy in a thermodynamic system. The quantity of enthalpy

equals to the total content of heat of a system, equivalent to the system’s internal energy plus the

product of volume and pressure. A calorimeter measures the change in heat. Simple

calorimeters are made with a metal container of water, positioned above a combustion chamber.

The calorimeter measures the mass of the liquid along with the temperature change, to determine

the amount of energy change. Hess’s Law states that the heat of any reaction ΔHf° for a specific

reaction is equal to the sum of the heats of reaction for any set of reactions which in sum are

equivalent to the overall reaction. My calculated value is a little bit of from the accepted value

but only by 0.1 which I believe is not that much and is still considered correct. Because enthalpy

is a state function, the enthalpy change for a reaction depends on only two things: (1) the masses

of the reacting substances and (2) the physical states of the reactants and products. It does not

depend on the path by which reactants are converted to products. When we add two or more

balanced chemical equations to obtain a net chemical equation, ΔH for the net reaction is the sum

of the ΔH values for the individual reactions. Hess’s law allows us to calculate ΔH values for

reactions that are difficult to carry out directly by adding together the known ΔH values for

individual steps that give the overall reaction, even though the overall reaction may not actually

occur via those steps. We represent heat with the symbol q. We say that if heat is lost by the

reaction system, it is gained by the surroundings.

Conclusion:

To measure the enthalpy change (ΔH) that occurs when solutions of sodium
hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) are mixed is -53.086 kJ/mol. The enthalpy

change that occurs when solutions of ammonia (NH 3) and hydrochloric acid are mixed is -

49.324 kJ/mol. The enthalpy change that occurs when solutions of sodium hydroxide and

ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) are mixed is -3.8 kJ/mol.


Enthalpy of Neutralization
ORR

Organize and present a complete report


in a clear & logical form (2)
Clear but not logical (1)
Neither clear or logical (0)
Use Correct Lab Format
-All sections in correct order (2)
- One section out of sequence (1)
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Proper use of past tense, third person, passive voice (2)
- 2 of 3 requirements (1)
- wrong tense, person and voice (0)
Apparatus/Method (Procedure)
- All materials listed, procedure written in (3)
Logical sequence and correct format, tense
- Material missing but procedures corrects sequence
Tense (2)
- Material missing, incorrect sequence & tense (1)
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Results and Observations
- record all data in a summary table with proper (3)
headings and four sides ruled
- one aspect missing but table is proper (2)
- aspect missing and heading improper (1)
- aspects of observation missing and table totally (0)
Improper
________
(12)

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