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Problem Sheet 4

1. This document contains a problem sheet from the Department of Mathematics at IIT Madras for the course MA 2020 - Differential Equations. 2. The problem sheet contains 12 problems involving finding the general solutions of higher order differential equations using methods like Cauchy-Euler equations, method of undetermined coefficients, and method of variation of parameters. 3. It also involves solving some initial value problems for higher order differential equations.

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26 views2 pages

Problem Sheet 4

1. This document contains a problem sheet from the Department of Mathematics at IIT Madras for the course MA 2020 - Differential Equations. 2. The problem sheet contains 12 problems involving finding the general solutions of higher order differential equations using methods like Cauchy-Euler equations, method of undetermined coefficients, and method of variation of parameters. 3. It also involves solving some initial value problems for higher order differential equations.

Uploaded by

Sri Krish
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Department of Mathematics, IIT Madras

MA 2020 - Differential Equations, Instructor: Prof. A. K. B. Chand


2022-2023 : First Semester - BATCH-1
Problem Sheet- 4: Cauchy-Euler Equations and Higher Order Differential Equations

1. Find the general solution of the following differential equations.


(a) x2 y 00 + 3xy 0 + 10y = 0; (b)2x2 y 00 + 10xy 0 + 8y = 0;
(c)x2 y 00 + 2xy 0 − 12y = 0; (d) 4x2 y 00 − 3y = 0;
(e) x2 y 00 + 2xy 0 − 6y = 0; (f) x2 y 00 + 2xy 0 − 6y = 0;
(g) x2 y 00 + xy 0 − 2y = 0; (h) x2 y 00 + xy 0 − 16y = 0.

2. Solve the following IVPs.


(a)x2 y 00 + xy 0 + y = 0; y(1) = 1, y 0 (1) = 1.
(b)4x2 y 00 + 12xy 0 + 3y = 0; y(1) = 1, y 0 (1) = 23 .

3. Solve: (Hint: Use method of undermined coefficients or variation of parameter for the particular
integral after the appropriate substitution such as x = ez .)
(a) x2 y 00 − 3xy 0 + 4y = 2x2 ; (b) x2 y 00 + 2xy 0 − y = 3x3 cos(log x);
(c) y 00 + x5 y 0 + 3
x2
y = e−x ; (d) x2 y 00 + 3xy 0 + y = 1
(1−x)2
;
(e) y 00 + x
y = 12 xlog
1 0
2
x
; (f) (2 + x)2 y 00 + (2 + x)y + 4y = 2 sin(2 log(2 + x));
0

(g) (5 + 2x) y + 6(5 + 2x)y 0 + 8y = 8(5 + 2x)2 ;


2 00
(h) (x + a)2 y 00 − 4(x + a)y 0 + 6y = x.

4. Find a second order homogeneous linear ODE for which the given functions are solutions. Show
linear independence by the Wronskian. Solve the corresponding IVPs.
(a) x2 , x2 ln x; y(1) = 4, y 0 (1) = 6 Ans. x2 y 00 − 3xy 0 + 4y = 0
(b) x2 cos(ln x), x2 sin(ln x); y(1) = 3, y 0 (1) = 8 (c) x1 , x3 ; y(2) = −1, y 0 (2) = 1.

5. Consider the differential equation y 00 + 2xy 0 + (exp(x) sin x)y = 0. Let y1 and y2 be solutions of the
differential equation satisfying y1 (0) = 2, y2 (0) = −3, y10 (0) = 1, y20 (0) = 2.
(a) Find the Wronskian of y1 and y2 , (b) Discuss the linear independence of of y1 and y2 .

6. Without Computing the two linearly independent solutions y1 and y2 , compute their Wronskian for
the differential equation

x2 y 00 − x(x + 2)y 0 + (x + 2)y = 0, x > 0.


7. Use the method of variation of parameters to find the general solution:
(a)x2 y 00 + xy 0 − y = x2 exp(−x) Ans. y(x) = c1 x + c2 x−1 + exp(−x)(1 + x−1 ).
(b)(x − 3)2 y 00 + (x − 3)y 0 + y = x Ans. y(x) = c1 cos[ln(x − 3)] + c2 sin[ln(x − 3)] + x
2
+ 23 .

8. Find the general solution of the following differential equations. (Use the method of undermined
coefficients for particular solutions).
(a) y 000 − 3y 00 + 4y 0 − 2y = x3 − 2x; (b) y 000 + y = 4e−x ;
(c) y (4) + 4y 000 + 6y 00 + 4y 0 + y = x2 e−x ; (d) y (4) − y = 8 sin x;
(e) y (4) + 5y 00 + 4y = cos 3x; (f) y (4) + 2a2 y 00 + a4 y = x sin ax;
(g) y (4) + 2y 000 + 2y 00 + 2y 0 + y = xe−x ; (h) y (4) + 2y 000 − 2y 00 − 6y 0 + 5y = x cos x;
(i) y (4) + y 000 − 3y 00 − 5y 0 − 2y = 2e2x ; (j) y 000 + 2y 00 − y 0 = 3x2 − 2x + 1;
(k) y 000 − 3y 00 + 2y 0 = 10 + 42e3x ; (l) y 000 − 6y 00 + 11y 0 − 6y = 3e2x .

9. Solve the following third order Cauchy-Euler Equations:


(a) x3 y 000 + 3x2 y 00 = 0; (b) x3 y 000 + 2x2 y 00 + xy 0 − y = 0;
(c) x3 y 000 + x2 y 00 − 2xy 0 + 2y = 0; (d) x2 y 000 + 3xy 00 − 2y 0 = 0.

10. Find the general solution of the following:


(a) x3 y 000 + x2 y 00 − 2xy 0 + 2y = x−2 ;
(b) 4x3 y 000 + 3xy 0 − 3y = 10;
(c) x3 y 000 + x2 y 00 − 2xy 0 + 2y = x ln x;
1
(d) y 000 − 3y 00 + 3y 0 − y = x 2 ex ;

11. Solve the following IVPs:


(a) y (4) − 5y 00 + 4y = 10e−3x ; y(0) = 1, y 0 (0) = y 00 (0) = y 000 (0) = 0.
(b) y (4) + 5y 00 + 4y = 90 sin 4x; y(0) = 1, y 0 (0) = 2, y 00 (0) = −1, y 000 (0) = −32.
(c) x3 y 000 + xy 0 − y = x2 ; y(1) = 1, y 0 (1) = 3, y 00 (1) = 14.
(d) y 000 − 4y 0 = 10 cos x + 5 sin x; y(0) = 3, y 0 (0) = −2, y 00 (0) = −1.
(e) y 000 + 3y 00 + 3y 0 + y = 8 sin x; y(0) = −1, y 0 (0) = −3, y 00 (0) = 5.

12. In determining the drag on a small sphere moving at a constant speed through viscous fluid, it is
necessary to solve the differential equation

x3 y (4) + 8x2 y 000 + 8xy 00 − 8y 0 = 0.

Thus, compute the drag of this small sphere.

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