MOTION

 Motion and Rest

 Distance and displacement
 Uniform motion and nonuniform motion
 Speed with direction
 Rate of change of velocity
 Graphical representation of motion
 Equations of motion
 Uniform circular motion
MOTION MOTION: If the position of a body changes with surroundings and
with time. Eg: A book in the hand of a moving person.
AND
REST REST: If the position of a body does not change with time and
surroundings. Eg: A book on the table.

MOTION IS RELATIVE: The book in the hands of a person is at rest

with respect to the person but is in motion with respect to the
walls of the room.

Reference point or Origin: To describe the position of an object

we need to specify a reference point called origin.
 Types of motion
 Rectilinear motion: Motion of a body along a straight
line.
 Curvilinear motion: Motion of a body along a curved
line.
 Circular motion: Motion of a body in a circular path.
 Two types circular motion: Rotation and revolution.
 Rotation: Body moves round without changing its
position from one place to another.
 Revolution: Body as whole moves round in a circular
path.
 Oscillatory motion: Body moves to-and-fro about a
point.
 Random motion: Moves about in a haphazard manner
in all possible direction.
 Motion along a straight line
 Consider the motion of an object along a straight path
 Object is moving from A to B and then back to C.
 5m 5m
 A _____________________c ______________________B
 Distance between A and B = 5+5=10m
 Displacement between A and B = 10m
 (here distance and displacement are same)
 Distance between A and C = 5+5+5=15 m.
 Displacement between A and C = 5m
 Distance is the total path covered by the object and displacement is the
shortest distance between initial and final position.
 Scalar quantity and vector quantity
 Any quantity that can be measured is called physical quantity.
Examples: Distance, displacement, time, speed, velocity, acceleration,
force, temperature, energy.
 A physical quantity Which is described completely by its magnitude is
known as scalar quantity. (magnitude means size or quantity)
Examples: Distance, speed, mass, volume, energy, power,
temperature.
 A physical quantity which requires both magnitude and direction for
its complete description is called a vector quantity.
Examples: Displacement, force, velocity, acceleration, weight,
Momentum
 Distance and displacement
(Solved Examples)
 Analyze the following and find the distance and displacement between two points.
 1) If an object starts from A to B then to C
 A Distance travelled by the object = AB +BC
 Displacement of the object = AC
 B C
fig.1

2) If an object moves in a circular path of radius ‘r’, find the distance A B

And displacement (i)from A to B (ii) Starts from A and back to A
(i) Distance = ∏r , Displacement = diameter= 2r fig: 2
(ii) Distance = 2∏r , Displacement = 0
 SOLVED EXAMPLES
 1. A body travels a distance, 15m from P to Q towards south, and 20 m from Q to R
towards east. Calculate the total distance travelled and the resultant
displacement. p
 Solution:
 Distance = 15 + 20 = 35 m 15 m
 Displacement = PR
 PR2 = PQ2 + QR2 = 152 + 202 = 225 + 400= 625 Q 20m R
 PR= 25m= displacement
 2. A body thrown vertically upwards reaches the maximum height ‘h’. It then
returns to the ground. Calculate the distance and displacement.
 Solution: Distance = h + h = 2h
 Displacement = h – h = 0 .
 Distinguish between distance and displacement
Distance Displacement
The actual length of the path travelled by a The shortest distance between the initial
body irrespective of the direction of and final position of an object along a
motion of the body. Particular direction.

Distance between two given points may be Displacement between two given points is
same or different, for different path always the same.
chosen.
Distance is a scalar quantity. Displacement is a vector quantity.
. Distance is always positive. Displacement may be positive, negative or
zero.
Distance travelled is always greater than or Displacement is always less than or equal
equal to displacement. distance.
 Home Assignment 8.1

 1. Define: (a) Rest (b) motion (c) origin

 2.Explain how motion is relative?
 3. Differentiate between (a)distance and displacement (b) scalar quantity
and vector quantity.
 4. Under what conditions; displacement = distance?
 5. An ant travels a distance 8cm from P to Q and then moves distance of 6cm
at right angles to PQ. Find its resultant displacement.
 6. A circular cycle track has a circumference of 314m with AB as one of its
diameter. A cyclist travels from A to B along the circular path. Find the
distance moved by the cyclist and the displacement if AB is along east west
direction.
 Solution: Home Assignment 8.2
 1. Refer slide 2 3. Refer slides 5 & 8
 2. State of rest and motion are relative because they are interpreted according to the change in
position of object with respect to the origin. For example, mountains trees etc are at rest with
respect to us. But to an astronaut in outer space, they are in motion as the earth is rotating.
 4. Distance and displacement will be equal when an object is moving in a straight line in the same
direction. R
 5. Displacement = PR
PR2 = PQ2 + QR2 = 82 + 62= 64+36 = 100 cm2
PR = √100 = 10 cm Q P
 6. Circumference of the circle = 2𝝅r = 314 m
Displacement = Diameter = 2r = 2𝝅r/𝝅 = 314 /3.14 = 100 m
Distance = 2𝝅r/2 =314/2 = 157m A B
 Numerical based on distance and displacement
 1.Find distance and displacement. (a)from A to B (b) A to C through B
 3m 4m
 A____________________C_________________________B
 Distance from A to B = 7m, Displacement between A &B = 7m
 Distance from A to C through B= 7+4 =11m , Displacement = 3m
 2. A boy travels 5km from his house to reach his school. On finding it closed, he returns to his
house. What is,(a) the distance traveled by the boy? (b) the final displacement of the boy
 Total distance travelled by the boy = 5+5=10Km.
 Net displacement of the boy = 0
 3. A body moving along a circular path of radius R. what will be the distance and displacement of
the body when it completes half a revolution.
 Distance travelled by the body = half of the perimeter of the circle =2ΠR /2 = ΠR
 Displacement = 2R.
 Numerical based on distance and displacement

 4. A farmer moved along the boundary of a square field of side 10m in 40 s. What will
be the magnitude of displacement of the farmer at the end of 2 minutes 20 seconds.
 Time taken to complete the boundary of the square field = 40s
 Perimeter of the square field = 4 x10 = 40 m
 Total time taken = 2minute 20 seconds = (2 x60) +20 = 140 s
 Therefore, number of rounds completed = total time / time taken for one round =
 140/40= 3.5 rounds. A B
 If he starts from ‘A’ he will be at ‘C’ after 140 seconds.
 There fore the magnitude of displacement = AC
 AC2= AB2 + BC2 =102 +102 =100+100=200
 AC = √200= 10√2 m D C
APPLICATION QUESTIONS (NUMERICALS)
 5. An Athlete completes one round of a circular track of diameter
200 m in 40 s. What will be the distance covered and the
displacement at the end 2 minutes 20 seconds.
 6. **A man travelled a distance, 1.5 m towards the east, then 2 m
towards south and finally 4.5m towards the east. Calculate (a) the
total distance travelled, and (b) the final displacement.
 7.*A biker rides 700m north , 300m east , 400m north , 600 west,
1200m south, 300m east and finally 100m north. Draw the path of
the motion of the biker. What distance will he cover? What was his
displacement
 8.**A cyclist travels 3/4th of a circular track from A to B as shown in
the figure. The radius of the circular track is 400m. What is the
distance travelled by the cyclist? What is the displacement?
 Numerical based on distance and displacement
 5. An Athlete completes one round of a circular track of diameter 200 m in 40 s. What
will be the distance covered and the displacement at the end 2 minutes 20 seconds.
 Time Taken to complete one round = 40 s
 Total time taken = 2minute 20 seconds = (2 x60) +20 = 140 s
 Therefore, number of rounds completed = total time / time taken for one round =
 140/40= 3.5 rounds.
 Diameter of the circle, 2r = 200 m, r= 100 m
 Perimeter of the circle = 2Πr = 2 x( 22/7) x100
 Distance covered = 3.5 x 2Πr =3.5 x 2 x( 22/7) x100 = 2200 m
 Displacement = shortest distance between initial and final point = diameter =200m

 Numerical based on distance and displacement
 6. **A man travelled a distance, 1.5 m towards
the east, then 2 m towards south and
finally4.5m towards the east. Calculate (a) the
total distance travelled, and (b) the final
displacement.
 Distance covered = AB +BC+CD =1.5+2+4.5 =8 m
 Displacement = AD
 ( draw a dotted line towards south ( vertically E
downwards) from ‘A’ a line form ‘D’ towards
west (left) find the meeting point of two lines
and mark it as E.)
 Now AE = BC= 2 m (height of right-angled
triangle), DE=CD+AB = 4.5+1.5 = 6m (base of
right -angled triangle, whose hypotenuse is AD
 AD2 = AE2 + DE2 = 22 + 62=4+36 = 40
 Displacement AD = √40m
 Numerical based on distance and displacement
 *A biker rides 700m north , 300m east , 400m
north , 600 west, 1200m south, 300m east and
finally 100m north. Draw the path of the motion of
the biker. What distance will he cover? What was
his displacement?
 N
 W E E D
 S
C
 A . Total Distance covered =
B

 700+300+400+600+1200+300+100= 3600m
 He came to the starting point, so his displacement
=0
A
F G
Numerical based on distance and
displacement  8.**A cyclist travels 3/4th of a circular track
from A to B as shown in the figure. The radius of
the circular track is 400m. What is the distance
travelled by the cyclist? What is the
displacement?
 Circumference of the circle =2Πr
 Distance covered by the cyclist = ¾ of the
circular track = ¾ x2Πr = ¾ x 2x ( 22/7) x 400 =
1885.7 m
 Displacement = AB
 AB2 = OA2 +OB2 = 4002 +4002 =160000 +160000
=320000 or 2 x160000
 AB =√320000 = 400√2 m.
 Home Assignment:8.2
 1. If on a round trip you travel 6km and then arrives back home:
 (a) What is the total distance travelled ?
 (b) What is your final displacement?
 2. A body travels a distance,3km towards East , then 4 km
towards north and finally 9 km towards East. (i) What is the total
distance travelled?
(ii) What is the total displacement?
 3. Under what conditions can a body travel a certain distance and
yet its resultant displacement be zero?
 4. How does displacement differ from distance?
 Home assignment 8.2 solution
 1. A. (a)Total distance = 6+6 = 12 km.
 (b) final displacement = 0 .
 2. A. 3km towards East , then 4 km towards north and finally 9 km towards East.
(i) Total distance =AB +BC+CD= 3+4+9= 16km.
3km C 9km D
E N

4km W E
4km
S
A 3km B
(i) Total displacement = AD
AD2= AE2+ ED2= 42+ (3+9)2 = 42+ (12)2 = 16+ 144 = 160, AD= √160km .
3. If the starting point and ending point are same (or the body came back to origin). In this
case body travelled a distance but resultant displacement will be zero.
4. Distance is the total path covered by the object and displacement is the shortest distance
between initial and final position.
1. Work Sheet 8.1 Topic: Distance and Displacement:
I. CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER:
1. A body is said to be --------(motion / rest) if its position remains unchanged with respect any fixed
point.
2. To describe the position of an object we need to specify a reference point called-----------------
(origin/ orgin).
3. Position of an object can be described in terms of -----------(distance/ path) from the --------------(end
/ reference)point and the -------(direction/speed) of motion of the object.
4. Physical quantities which are having both magnitude and direction. (Scalar quantity /vector
quantity)
5. Sort out as vector quantity or scalar quantity. Distance, displacement, mass, force
6. Total path covered by the object. (Distance/ displacement)
7. Shortest distance between initial and final position. (Distance/ displacement)
8. Physical quantity which can be positive negative or zero. (Distance/ displacement)
9. Physical quantity which can have only positive value. (Distance/ displacement)
10. Displacement will be always --------(less/ more) than or equal to distance.
11. Distance will be always --------(less/ more) than or equal to displacement.