Ungrouped Data

∑𝒙
̅=
mean = 𝒙
𝒏

𝒏 ∑ 𝒙𝟐 − ( ∑ 𝒙 )𝟐
variance = 𝒔𝟐 =
𝒏(𝒏 − 𝟏)

standard deviation = 𝒔 = √𝒗𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆

𝒔
coeffficient of variation = 𝐂𝐕 = × 100%
̅
𝒙

Percentiles
Case 1 : whole number
(1) Order Data : ‫الترتيب‬

(2) Index = 𝒏𝒑

Case 2 : decimal number

𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒅 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 + 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 𝒇𝒐𝒍𝒍𝒐𝒘𝒔
Case 1 𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒘𝒆𝒓 =
𝟐

(3) Answer ?
Case 2 𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒘𝒆𝒓 = 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑥𝑡 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑦 𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑢𝑝

Grouped Data

∑ 𝒙. 𝒇
mean: x̅ =
𝒏

𝒏 ∑ 𝒙𝟐 . 𝒇 − ( ∑ 𝒙. 𝒇 )𝟐
variance: 𝒔𝟐 =
𝒏(𝒏 − 𝟏)

standard deviation: 𝒔 = √𝒗𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆

np − previous cumulative frequency

percentile = lower boundary + . class interval
frequency

(4) Answer ?

Formula Sheet for Final Exam Prepared by Dr. Sawsan Hilal

 1. 𝟎 ≤ 𝑷(𝑨) ≤ 𝟏

2. 𝑷(∅) = 𝟎

3. 𝑷(𝑺) = 𝟏

4. 𝑷( 𝑨 ∩ 𝑨̅ ) = 𝟎

5. 𝑷( 𝑨 ∪ 𝑨̅ ) = 𝟏

6. If A and B are mutually exclusive events, then 𝑷(𝑨 ∩ 𝑩) = 𝟎

disjoint events

7. If A and B are independent events, then 𝑷(𝑨 ∩ 𝑩) = 𝑷(𝑨 ) × 𝑷(𝑩)

8. If A and B are two events, then 𝑷(𝑨 ∪ 𝑩) = 𝑷(𝑨) + 𝑷(𝑩) − 𝑷(𝑨 ∩ 𝑩)

Additional Rule of Probability

9. 𝑷( 𝑨 ) + 𝑷( 𝑨̅ ) = 𝟏

𝑷( 𝑨 ) = 𝟏 − 𝑷( 𝑨̅ )

̅ ) = 𝟏 − 𝑷( 𝑨 )
𝑷( 𝑨

10. Conditional Probability

𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑃( 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 )
𝑃( 𝐴 | 𝐵 ) = =
𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑃( 𝐵 )

required condition
‫المطلوب‬ ‫الشرط‬

𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑃( 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 )
𝑃( 𝐵 | 𝐴 ) = =
𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑃( 𝐴 )

required condition
‫المطلوب‬ ‫الشرط‬

Formula Sheet for Final Exam Prepared by Dr. Sawsan Hilal

Mean and Variance of a Probability Distribution Function are defined as:

Mean = 𝝁 = ∑ 𝒙 ∙ 𝒇(𝒙)

Variance = 𝝈𝟐 = ∑ 𝒙𝟐 ∙ 𝒇(𝒙) − 𝝁𝟐

Mean and Variance of a Probability Density Function are defined as:

Mean = 𝝁 = ∫ 𝒙 ∙ 𝒇(𝒙) 𝒅𝒙

Variance = 𝝈𝟐 = ∫ 𝒙𝟐 ∙ 𝒇(𝒙) 𝒅𝒙 − 𝝁𝟐

Probability Distribution Function of Binomial Distribution is given by:

𝑷(𝑿 = 𝒙) = 𝒃(𝒙; 𝒏, 𝒑) = 𝒏𝐂𝒙 𝒑𝒙 (𝟏 − 𝒑)𝒏−𝒙 for 𝒙 = 𝟎 , 𝟏 , 𝟐 , … , 𝒏

Mean and Variance of Binomial Distribution are given by:

𝝁 = 𝒏𝒑
𝝈𝟐 = 𝒏𝒑(𝟏 − 𝒑)

Probability Distribution Function of Hypergeometric Distribution is given by:

𝐥𝐨𝐭 𝐬𝐮𝐜𝐜𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐬 𝐥𝐨𝐭 𝐟𝐚𝐢𝐥𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐬 𝒂 𝑵−𝒂
( )( ) ( )( )
𝐬𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐬𝐮𝐜𝐜𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐬 𝐬𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐟𝐚𝐢𝐥𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐬 𝒙 𝒏−𝒙
𝑷(𝑿 = 𝒙) = 𝒉(𝒙; 𝒏, 𝒂, 𝑵) = 𝐥𝐨𝐭 = 𝑵 for 𝒙 = 𝟎 , 𝟏 , 𝟐 , … , 𝐦𝐢𝐧(𝒂, 𝒏)
( ) ( )
𝐬𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝒏

Mean and Variance of Hypergeometric Distribution are given by:

𝒂
𝝁=𝒏
𝑵
𝒂 𝒂 𝑵 − 𝒏
𝝈𝟐 = 𝒏 (𝟏 − ) ( )
𝑵 𝑵 𝑵 − 𝟏

Probability Distribution Function of Poisson distribution is given by:

𝒆−𝝀 𝝀𝒙
𝑷(𝑿 = 𝒙) = 𝒇(𝒙; 𝝀) = for 𝒙 = 𝟎, 𝟏, 𝟐, …
𝒙!

Mean and Variance of Poisson distribution are given by:

𝝁=𝝀
𝝈𝟐 = 𝝀

Formula Sheet for Final Exam Prepared by Dr. Sawsan Hilal

Chebyshev’s Theorem

𝟏
𝑷( 𝝁 − 𝒌𝝈 ≤ 𝑿 ≤ 𝝁 + 𝒌𝝈 ) ≥ 𝟏 −
𝒌𝟐

If X is a continuous random variable then

 𝑷(𝑿 < 𝒙) = 𝑭(𝒙)

 𝑷(𝑿 > 𝒙) = 𝟏 − 𝑭(𝒙)

 𝑷(𝒂 < 𝑿 < 𝒃) = 𝑭(𝒃) − 𝑭(𝒂)

 It is always true that 𝑭(−∞) = 𝟎 and 𝑭(∞) = 𝟏

If Z has a standard normal distribution then

 𝑷(𝒂 < 𝒁 < 𝒃) = 𝑭(𝒃) − 𝑭(𝒂)

 𝑷(𝒁 < 𝒛) = 𝑭(𝒛)
 𝑷(𝒁 > 𝒛) = 𝟏 − 𝑭(𝒛)
 𝑭(−𝒛) = 𝟏 − 𝑭(𝒛)

Formula Sheet for Final Exam Prepared by Dr. Sawsan Hilal

Regression Line Formulas
∑𝒙 . ∑𝒚
𝑺𝒙𝒚 = ∑ 𝒙𝒚 −
𝒏

∑𝒙 . ∑𝒙
𝑺𝒙𝒙 = ∑ 𝒙𝟐 −
𝒏

∑𝒚 . ∑𝒚
𝑺𝒚𝒚 = ∑ 𝒚𝟐 −
𝒏

𝑺𝒙𝒚
𝒃=
𝑺𝒙𝒙

̅ − 𝒃𝒙
𝒂= 𝒚 ̅

𝑺𝒙𝒚
𝒓=
√𝑺𝒙𝒙 . 𝑺𝒚𝒚

THEOREM1 THEOREM2 THEOREM3 THEOREM4

large sample size large sample size
normal population normal population
𝒏 ≥ 𝟑𝟎 𝒏 ≥ 𝟑𝟎
𝝈 is known 𝝈 is unknown
𝝈 is known 𝝈 is unknown

̅ − 𝝁𝟎
𝑿 ̅ − 𝝁𝟎
𝑿 ̅ − 𝝁𝟎
𝑿 ̅ − 𝝁𝟎
𝑿
𝐙= 𝐙= 𝐓= 𝐙=
𝝈/√𝒏 𝝈/√𝒏 𝒔/√𝒏 𝒔/√𝒏

Formula Sheet for Final Exam Prepared by Dr. Sawsan Hilal

Then (𝟏 − 𝜶)𝟏𝟎𝟎% CI for 𝝁

THEOREM1
large sample size 𝒏 ≥ 𝟑𝟎
𝝈 is known

̅ −𝑬<𝝁<𝑿
𝑿 ̅+𝑬
where
𝝈
𝑬 = 𝒁𝟏−𝜶/𝟐 ∙
√𝒏

THEOREM2
normal population
𝝈 is known

̅ −𝑬<𝝁<𝑿
𝑿 ̅+𝑬
where
𝝈
𝑬 = 𝒁𝟏−𝜶/𝟐 ∙
√𝒏

THEOREM3
normal population
𝝈 is unknown

̅ −𝑬<𝝁<𝑿
𝑿 ̅+𝑬
where
𝒔
𝑬 = 𝑻𝝑 = 𝒏−𝟏 , 𝜶/𝟐 ∙
√𝒏

THEOREM4
large sample size 𝒏 ≥ 𝟑𝟎
𝝈 is unknown

̅ −𝑬<𝝁<𝑿
𝑿 ̅+𝑬
where
𝒔
𝑬 = 𝒁𝟏−𝜶/𝟐 ∙
√𝒏

Sample Size Determination

𝒁𝟏−𝜶/𝟐 × 𝝈 𝟐
𝒏= [ ]
𝑬

Formula Sheet for Final Exam Prepared by Dr. Sawsan Hilal

Formula Sheet for Final Exam Prepared by Dr. Sawsan Hilal
Formula Sheet for Final Exam Prepared by Dr. Sawsan Hilal
 t distribution

Formula Sheet for Final Exam Prepared by Dr. Sawsan Hilal