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Lab 2 - Write Up

The document describes an experiment to calculate probabilities for binomial and normal distributions using R code. It finds the percentage of Indians who have traveled abroad from sample data. It then calculates binomial probabilities for samples of 10 and 100 people and plots the results. It also approximates the binomial as a normal distribution and finds the probability of at least 59 people traveling abroad out of a sample of 100. The conclusion is that the experiment helped learn how to calculate these probabilities and verify the normal approximation of the binomial distribution.

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Saurabh Jadhav
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119 views

Lab 2 - Write Up

The document describes an experiment to calculate probabilities for binomial and normal distributions using R code. It finds the percentage of Indians who have traveled abroad from sample data. It then calculates binomial probabilities for samples of 10 and 100 people and plots the results. It also approximates the binomial as a normal distribution and finds the probability of at least 59 people traveling abroad out of a sample of 100. The conclusion is that the experiment helped learn how to calculate these probabilities and verify the normal approximation of the binomial distribution.

Uploaded by

Saurabh Jadhav
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Bansilal RamnathAgarwal Charitable Trust’s

VISHWAKARMA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – PUNE


Department of SY Common

MD2201: Data Science


Name of the student: Saurabh Jadhav Roll No. 27

Div: B Batch: CS

Date of performance: 29-9-2021

Experiment No.2

Title: Laboratory on Statistics

Aim: To find the probability for Binomial distribution and Normal distribution and verify the Normal
approximation of Binomial distribution.

Software used: Programming language R.

Code Statement:
Write a single R code to answer the following questions.

Data Set: Travelled Abroad

1. Find out the % of Indians in the sample who have travelled abroad using the data source.
2. Treating this value as ‘p’, calculate the following probabilities –
a. What is the probability that in a randomly chosen sample of 10 persons, no one has
travelled abroad?
b. What is the probability that in a randomly chosen sample of 10 persons, exactly one has
travelled abroad?
c. What is the probability that in a randomly chosen sample of 10 persons, exactly two persons
have travelled abroad?
d. What is the probability that in a randomly chosen sample of 10 persons, exactly three
persons have travelled abroad?
e. What is the probability that in a randomly chosen sample of 10 persons, exactly four
persons have travelled abroad?
f. What is the probability that in a randomly chosen sample of 10 persons, exactly five persons
have travelled abroad.
g. What is the probability that in a randomly chosen sample of 10 persons, exactly six persons
have travelled abroad?
h. What is the probability that in a randomly chosen sample of 10 persons, exactly seven
persons have travelled abroad?
i. What is the probability that in a randomly chosen sample of 10 persons, exactly eight
persons have travelled abroad?
j. What is the probability that in a randomly chosen sample of 10 persons, exactly nine
persons have travelled abroad?
k. What is the probability that in a randomly chosen sample of 10 persons, all 10 persons have
travelled abroad?
3. Plot the probability values as a Table / Bar graph/plot and interpret plot.
Bansilal RamnathAgarwal Charitable Trust’s
VISHWAKARMA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – PUNE
Department
4. What is the probability that in the of SY Common
randomly chosen sample of 100 persons at least 59 have travelled
abroad?
Hint: Expected to perform Normal approximation for the binary distribution.

Code:

f <- read.csv('travelled abroad data_csv.csv')

#for n=10 samples

p = sum(f$Travelledabroad == "Y")/ nrow(f)


cat("\nThe percentage of Indians travelled abroad is:", p*100)

d = dbinom(0:10, 10, p)
cat("\n\nThe probabilities for n=1 to n=10 are:", d)
cat('\n-----------------------------------------------------------------------------')
cat('\nThese are the probabilities from 10 samples,n=1 to n=10 people have travelled abroad.')

k = 0:10
plot(k, d, type="l", main="Case 1: n=10 samples")

#for n=100 samples


sb = sum(dbinom(59:100, 100, p))
cat("\n\nThe probability with n=100 cases with binomial distribution:", sb)

m = 100*p
cat("\n\nMean of normal distribution is:", m)

n=100
sd1 = sqrt(n*p*(1-p))
cat("\n\nStandard Deviation of normal distribution is:", sd1)

sn = pnorm(59,m,sd1,lower.tail = F)
cat("\n\nProbability for n=100 case with normal distribution:", sn)
cat('\nAt least 59 have travelled abroad',sn)

k1 = 0:100
d1 = dbinom(0:100,100,p)
plot(k1,d1,type="l",main="case 2: n=100 samples")

Results: Display the output obtained on R console for all the cases. Also add the plots which you
obtained. Give proper title to the plots as per the condition.

Output:
Bansilal RamnathAgarwal Charitable Trust’s
VISHWAKARMA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – PUNE
Department of SY Common

Plots:
Bansilal RamnathAgarwal Charitable Trust’s
VISHWAKARMA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – PUNE
Department of SY Common

For n=10 samples

For n=100 samples

Conclusion: (Write the conclusion in your words)

In this lab, I learned to find the probability for Binomial distribution and Normal
distribution and verify the Normal approximation of Binomial distribution with the
help of the travelled_abroad.csv dataset. The variations in the plot when we increase
the samples from 10 to 100 and also to find the mean and the standard deviation.

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