SAMAL ISLAND CITY COLLEGE

Datu Taganiog, Brgy Penaplata, Samal Distirct

Island Gardedn City of College
Davao Del Norte, Philippines

Samal 1

SAMAL ISLAND CITY COLLEGE

SAMAL 1 MODULE 2
Excerpts of the Mindanao History :
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines

Objectives
1. Discuss important events in the History of Mindanao.
2. Contextualize important concepts in the Mindanao history with the current
situation of Samal.
3. To understand the importance of Mindanao history in order to inculcate a
sense of nationalism among the students.
4. To develop critical analysis in the study of our history and its impact
on the economic, social, political and cultural development of the
Philippines at present and amidst global developments.

Motivation
Look for newspaper clippings or any picture you think that depicts Filipino
heritage unique to Mindanao. Share your picture to your group and illustrate how
such picture relates to what we are now as Filipino, with special emphasis on the
Mindanao setting.

Presentation and Discussion

Mindanao
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Mindanao (/mɪndəˈnaʊ/ also commonly known as Southern Philippines, is the

second-largest island in the Philippines. Mindanao and the smaller islands
surrounding it make up the island group of the same name. Located in the southern
region of the archipelago, as of the 2010 census, the main island was inhabited by
20,281,545 people, while the entire Mindanao island group had an estimated
population of 25,537,691 (2018).

According to the 2015 Philippine Population Census, Davao City is the most
populous city on the island, with 1,632,991 residents, followed by Zamboanga City
(pop. 861,799), Cagayan de Oro City (pop. 675,950), General Santos City (pop.
594,446), Iligan City (pop. 342,618), Butuan City (pop. 337,063) and Cotabato City
(pop. 299,438).[3] About 70% of residents identify as Christian and 20% as
Muslim.[4] Mindanao is divided into six administrative regions: the Zamboanga
Peninsula, Northern Mindanao, the Caraga region, the Davao region, Soccsksargen,
and the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM).

Native ethnic groups in Mindanao include the Lumads (namely the Subanons
of the Zamboanga Peninsula; the Bukidnon, the Ata Manobos, the Mamanwas, the

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Matigsalugs, the Agusan Manobos, the Talaandigs, the Kamigins, and the
Higaonons of Northern Mindanao and the region of Caraga;the T'bolis, the Tirurays,
the B'laans, the Saranganis, and the Cotabato Manobos of the region of
SOCCSKSARGEN; and the Obo, the Mandayas, the Giangans, the Tagabawas, the
Kalagans, the Sangirese, and the Mansaka of the Davao region and the Moros
(namely the Maguindanaos, the Maranaos, the Tausugs, the Yakans, the Iranuns,
and the Sama, mainly concentrated within Bangsamoro).

Joining them are the equally indigenous Visayan groups in coastal areas like
the Butuanons, Surigaonons, and Kagay-anons of Northern Mindanao and the
Caraga region as well as the Zamboangueños of the eponymous peninsula, along
with descendants of modern settlers from the Visayas and Luzon (chiefly from the
former), among them the Cebuanos and the Hiligaynons.

Mindanao is considered the major breadbasket of the Philippines, with eight of

the top 10 agri-commodities exported from the Philippines coming from there.

Mindanao is known as "The Philippines' Land of Promise"

Prehistory

Archaeological findings on the island point to evidence of human activity

dating back about ten thousand years. Around 1500 BC Austronesian people spread
throughout the Philippines.

The Subanon are believed to have established themselves on Mindanao

Island during the Neolithic Era, or New Stone Age, the period in the development of
human technology beginning around 10,000 BC according to the ASPRO chronology
(between 4,500 and 2,000 BC).[clarification needed][13] The evidence of old stone
tools in Zamboanga del Norte may indicate a late Neolithic presence. Ceramic burial
jars, both unglazed and glazed, as well as Chinese celadons, have been found in
caves, together with shell bracelets, beads, and gold ornaments. Many of the
ceramic objects are from the Yuan and Ming periods. Evidently, there was a long
history of trade between the Subanon and the Chinese long before the latter's
contact with Islam.

Sultanates and Islam

The spread of Islam in the Philippines began in the 14th century, mostly
through the influence of Muslim merchants from the western Malay Archipelago. The
first mosque in the Philippines was built in the mid-14th century in the town of
Simunul, Tawi-Tawi. Around the 16th century, the Muslim sultanates of Sulu, Lanao
and Maguindanao were established from formerly Hindu-Buddhist Rajahnates.

As Islam gained influence in Mindanao, the natives of the Sultanates had to

either convert to Islam or pay tribute to their new Muslim rulers. The largest of the

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Muslim polities in mainland Mindanao was the Sultanate of Maguindanao, which
controlled the southern floodplains of the Rio Grande de Mindanao and most of the
coastal area of the Illana Bay and the Moro Gulf.
The name Mindanao was derived from this Sultanate. But most of Mindanao
remained animist, especially the Lumad people in the interior. Most of the northern,
eastern, and southern coastal regions inhabited by Visayans (Surigaonon and
Butuanon) and other groups were later converted to Christianity by the Spanish.

Spanish Colonization and Christianity

Two Spanish missionaries baptizing a Moro convert to Roman Catholicism,

circa 1890.

In 1521 Antonio Pigafetta wrote an account of reaching 'Maingdano.' He was

with Magellan on the first circumnavigation of the globe and sailing for the king of
Spain.

On 2 February 1543, Ruy López de Villalobos was the first Spaniard to reach
Mindanao.[16] He called the island "Caesarea Caroli" after Charles V of the Holy
Roman Empire (and I of Spain). Shortly after Spain's colonization of Cebu, it moved
on to colonize Butuan and the surrounding Caraga region in northeast Mindanao and
discovered significant Muslim presence on the island. Over time a number of tribes
in Mindanao converted to Roman Catholicism and built settlements and forts
throughout the coastal regions. These settlements endured despite attacks from
neighboring Muslim Sultanates. The most heavily fortified of them, apart from a short
period in 1662 when Spain sent soldiers from the city to Manila after a threat of
invasion from the Chinese general Koxinga, was Zamboanga City.

By the late 18th century Spain had geographic dominance over the island,
having established settlements and forts in most of Mindanao, including Zamboanga
City (which was then settled by Peruvian soldiers) and Misamis Occidental to the
northwest, Iligan City, Misamis Oriental, Bukidnon, and Camiguin Island to the north,
Butuan and the Caraga region to the east, and Davao in the island's gulf coast.
Spain continued to engage in battles with Muslim Sultanates until the end of the 19th
century.

American Occupation

Davao City's Chinatown is said to be the Philippines' biggest in terms of land

area. In the Treaty of Paris in 1898 Spain sold the entire Philippine archipelago to
the United States for $20 million. The 1900 Treaty of Washington and the 1930
Convention Between the United States and Great Britain clarified the borders
between Mindanao and Borneo.

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Philippine Commonwealth
In 1939 the Philippine government encouraged citizens from Luzon and
Visayas to migrate to Mindanao. Consisting mostly of Ilocanos, Cebuanos, and
Illongos. Filipino settlers streaming into Soccsksargen led to the displacement of the
Blaan and Tboli tribes.

World War II
In April 1942 Mindanao, along with the rest of the Philippines, officially
entered World War II after Japanese soldiers invaded key cities in the islands. Many
towns and cities were burned to the ground in Mindanao, most notably Davao City,
Zamboanga City, Lanao, Cagayan de Oro, Iligan City, and Butuan.

In the months of April and May 1942, Japanese forces defeated US troops
commanded by William F. Sharp and Guy Fort, in a battle that started at Malabang
(a town close to Gandamatu Macadar, Lanao) and ended close to the town of
Ganassi, Lanao. Davao City was among the earliest to be occupied by the invading
Japanese forces. They immediately fortified the city as a bastion of the Japanese
defense system.[citation needed]

Davao City was subjected by the returning forces of Gen. Macarthur to

constant bombing, before the American Liberation Forces landed in Leyte in October
1944.[citation needed] Filipino soldiers and local guerrilla fighters were actively
fighting Japanese forces until liberation at the conclusion of the Battle of Mindanao

Geography

Mindanao is the second-largest island in the Philippines at 97,530 square

kilometers, and is the eighth-most populous island in the world. The island of
Mindanao is larger than 125 countries worldwide, including the Netherlands, South
Korea, Austria, Portugal, Czech Republic, Hungary, and Ireland. The island is
mountainous, and is home to Mount Apo, the highest mountain in the country.
Mindanao is surrounded by four seas: the Sulu Sea to the west, the Philippine Sea to
the east, and the Celebes Sea to the south, and the Mindanao Sea to the north. Of
all the islands of the Philippines, Mindanao shows the greatest variety of
physiographic development. High, rugged, faulted mountains; almost isolated
volcanic peaks; high rolling plateaus; and broad, level, swampy plains are found
there.
The Mindanao island group is an arbitrary grouping of islands in southern
Philippines which comprises the Mindanao mainland, the Sulu Archipelago
(consisting of the islands of Basilan, Sulu, and Tawi-tawi), and the outlying islands of
Camiguin, Dinagat, Siargao, and Samal. Platycerium grande is endemic to the island

Mountains
The mountains of Mindanao can be grouped into ten ranges, including both complex
structural mountains and volcanoes. The structural mountains on the extreme
eastern and western portions of the island show broad exposures of Mesozoic rock,
and Ultrabasic rocks at the surface in many places along the east coast. Other parts

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of the island consist mainly of Cenozoic and Quaternary volcanic or sedimentary
rocks.

In the eastern portion of the island, from Bilas Point in Surigao del Norte to
Cape San Agustin in Davao Oriental, is a range of complex mountains known in their
northern portion as the Diwata Mountains. This range is low and rolling in its central
portion. A proposed road connecting Bislig on the east coast with the Agusan River
would pass through 16 kilometers (9.9 mi) of broad saddle across the mountains at a
maximum elevation of less than 250 meters (820 ft); while the existing east–west
road from Lianga, 48 km (30 mi) north of Bislig, reaches a maximum elevation of
only 450 m (1,480 ft).

The Diwata Mountains, north of these low points, are considerably higher and
more rugged, reaching an elevation of 2,012 m (6,601 ft) in Mount Hilong-Hilong, 17
miles (27 km) along the eastern portion of Cabadbaran City. The southern portion of
this range is broader and even more rugged than the northern section. In Davao
Oriental, several peaks rise above 2,600 m (8,530 ft) and one mountain rises to
2,910 m (9,547 ft).

Mt. Apo, the highest peak in the Philippines

The east-facing coastal regions of Davao and Surigao del Sur are marked by
a series of small coastal lowlands separated from each other by rugged forelands
which extend to the water's edge. Offshore are numerous coral reefs and tiny islets.
This remote and forbidding coast is made doubly difficult to access during the
months from October to March by the heavy surf driven before the northeast trade
winds. A few miles offshore is found the Philippine Deep.

This ocean trench, reaching measured depths of 34,696 feet (10,575 m), is
the third-deepest trench, (after the Mariana Trench and Tonga Trench) on the earth's
surface.

A second north–south mountain range extends from Talisayan in the north, to

Tinaca Point in the southernmost point of Mindanao. This mountain range runs along
the western borders of the Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, and Davao provinces.
This range is mainly structural in origin, but it also contains at least three active
volcano peaks. The central and northern portions of this range contain several peaks
between 2,000 and 2,600 m (6,600 and 8,500 ft), and here the belt of mountains is
about 30 miles (48 km) across.

West of Davao City stand two inactive volcanoes: Mount Talomo at 2,893
meters (9,491 ft), and Mount Apo at 2,964 m (9,724 ft). Mount Apo is the highest
point in the Philippines. South of Mount Apo, this central mountain belt is somewhat
lower than it is to the north, with peaks averaging only 1,100 to 1,800 m (3,600 to
5,900 ft).

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 In Western Mindanao, a range of complex structural mountains forms the
long, hand-like Zamboanga Peninsula. These mountains, reaching heights of only
1,200 meters (3,900 feet), are not as high as the other structural belts in Mindanao.
There are several places in the Zamboanga Mountains where small inter-mountain
basins have been created, with some potential for future agricultural development.

The northeastern end of this range is marked by the twin peaks of the now-
extinct volcano, Mount Malindang, that towers over Ozamis City at a height of 2,425
m (7,956 ft). Mount Dapia is the highest mountain in the Zamboanga Peninsula,
reaching a height of 2,617 m (8,586 ft). Batorampon Point is the highest mountain of
the southernmost end of the peninsula, reaching a height of only 1,335 m (4,380 ft);
it is located in the boundary of Zamboanga City.

A series of volcanic mountains is located within the vicinity of Lake Lanao

forming a broad arc through the Lanao del Sur, Cotabato and Bukidnon provinces. At
least six of the twenty odd peaks in this area are active and several stand in semi-
isolation. The Butig Peaks, with their four crater lakes, are easily seen from
Cotabato. Mount Ragang, an active volcano cone reaching 2,815 m (9,236 ft), is the
most isolated, while the greatest height is reached by Mount Kitanglad at 2,889 m
(9,478 ft).

Mindanao coast

In South Cotabato, is another range of volcanic mountains, this time

paralleling the coast. These mountains have a maximum extent of 110 miles (180
km) from northwest to southeast and measures some 30 miles (48 km) across. One
of the well-known mountains here is Mount Parker, whose almost circular crater lake
measures a mile-and-a-quarter in diameter and lies 300 m (980 ft) below its 2,040 m
(6,690 ft) summit. Mount Matutum is a protected area and is considered as one of
the major landmarks in the South Cotabato province.

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Activities:
Activity 1.
Instruction: Secure a map of Mindanao. Based on the discussion above, illustrate on
the map at which point that significant event in the history of Mindanao occur. Come
up with a caricature at each point depicting that certain event in the history of
Mindanao. Attach your output here.

Activity No. 2
Instruction: Base on what you have read and heard over the radio or television, or
even in social media, create a road map on where you think Mindanao would head
to. Think as if you were a prophet or a magician that you can predict or that you can
create the future specifically for Mindanao. Start from today 2020 until 2040, for 20
years what do you think Mindanao would become. Write your illustration below.

Activity No. 3
Instruction: Secure a map of Mindanao. Based on the discussion above, illustrate on
the map at which point where the mountains as mentioned above are located.
Attached your illustration here.

Summary
___________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

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Excerpts of the HISTORY OF SAMAL
ISLAND : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines

Objectives
Trace the history of Samal Island and describe it’s current development in
relation with its neighboring region.

Motivation
Interview your neighbor/ or any relative of yours who have been staying in Samal for
15years or more. Ask him the question, what made him decide to stay in Samal. Share you
output in your GC.

Presentation and Discussion

Samal, Davao del Norte

Samal, officially the Island Garden City of Samal (Tagalog: Pulong Harding Lungsod
ng Samal, Cebuano: Pulong Harding Dakbayan sa Samal) or sometimes called IGaCOS, is
a 4th class city in the province of Davao del Norte, Philippines. According to the 2015
census, it has a population of 104,123 people.

It is made up of Samal Island and the smaller Talikud Island in the Davao Gulf, from
the merger of former municipalities of Samal, Babak, and Kaputian.

Samal is a part of the Metropolitan Davao area and is two kilometers away from
Davao City, the largest city and the primary economic center of Mindanao.

Etymology

The name Samal was derived from the Sama-Bajau peoples, the natives who
were the first inhabitants of the island. The first datu in the island was Datu
Taganiyug, a native of what is now Peñaplata, today the governance center of the
city. In the past, the people of the island name a place about what was the said place
known for.
For example, the name Peñaplata is said to be derived from the word "piña"
or pineapple because of the abundance of pineapple in the area; this, however, is
folk etymology, for peñaplata literally means "rock of silver" in Spanish.
Tagpopongan is the first barangay in the island which name was from the word
"tagpo" or meet. It was so called owing to the fact that this place was chosen by the
datus as their meeting place. The word Samal was also known before because it
was commonly used as surname by datus.

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History

Early Beginnings
The island was initially home to the Sama-Bajau peoples. Later on, Spain
managed to conquer the island in the late 1840s when Nueva Vergara (Davao City
today) was established.

World War 2
The Pacific War, which Official founding of the municipality
happened during World War II,
struck the island. Japanese fighter The time came on July 8, 1948, when the
planes bombed the island. entire island itself becomes part of the newly
Japanese forces occupied the island created municipality of Samal; it was the
and forced the people to work for official founding of the municipality. Five years
four years until they were expelled later in 1953, the municipality of Babak was
by the Allied forces. After the war,
created from Samal, marking the political
infrastructure was built, like schools,
churches and stores in the area. division of the island between the two
municipalities. Now came the political division
of the island between the three municipalities,
when the municipality of Kaputian was created
from the island in 1966.In this period, the living
qualities between these three municipalities
became low and extremely rural.
City conversion
The city was created through Republic Act No.
8471 on January 30, 1998. This act paved the
way for the dissolution and merger of the three
former municipalities of Samal, Babak, and
Kaputian into one local government unit by
turning then into districts, now officially named
as IGaCoS, the Island Garden City of Samal.
The first city mayor was Rogelio P. Antalan,
who later served for three consecutive terms
from 1998 to 2007.

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Activities:
Activity 1.
Instruction: From the interview that you have done, identify what are those
factors that made your interviewee stay in Samal Island for more than 15
years. Write your answers below.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

Activity No. 2
Instruction: Trace the history of the creation of Samal Island. Write your
answer below.

____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

Summary
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

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Samal Island City College - SAMAL 1 MODULE 2
 SAMAL ISLAND CITY COLLEGE
Datu Taganiog St., Brgy Peñaplata, Samal District,
Island Garden City of Samal

SAMAL 1
IR- 001
JONATHAN S. PACETE
ROMILYN PASCUA
BEAU GALILEE BASLAO

MIDTERM PERIODSY 2020-2021

1ST SEMESTER SY. 2020-2021

1|SAMAL I SLAND CITY COLLE GE (SAMA 1)

 Module 3
LESSON 1 – History of Samal

Learning Objectives

At the end of the lesson the students should be able to;

1. Trace the history of Samal Island and;

2. Describe its current development in relation with its neighbouring region, and
3. Know the economic state of the Island.

MOTIVATIONAL

Basic Knowledge: “Those that fail to learn from history are doomed to repeat it”.

Winston Churchill

Analysis
Analyze this picture and look closely, what manner this picture talks about?

2|SAMAL I SLAND CITY COLLE GE (SAMA 1)

Picture Analysis:

1. What can you say about this picture?

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________.
2. How do you relate this picture to our topics?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________.

DISCUSSION

History
Official founding of the municipality
Early Beginnings
The time came on July 8, 1948, when the
entire island itself becomes part of the newly
The island was initially home to created municipality of Samal; it was the official
the Sama-Bajau people. Later on, founding of the municipality. Five years later in
1953, the municipality of Babak was created from
Spain managed to conquer the island
Samal, marking the political division of the island
in the late 1840’s when Nueva Vergara between the two municipalities. Now came the
political division of the island between the three
(Davao City today) was established.
municipalities, when the municipality of Kaputian
WORLD WAR II was created from the island in 1966. In this period,
the living qualities between these three
The Pacific War, which municipalities became low and extremely rural.
happened during World War II, struck
City conversion
the island. Japanese fighter planes
bombed the island. Japanese forces The city was created through Republic Act
No. 8471 on January 30, 1998. This act paved the
occupied the island and forced the way for the dissolution and merger of the three
people to work for four years until they former municipalities of Samal, Babak, and
Kaputian into one local government unit by turning
were expelled by the Allied forces. them into districts, now officially named as IGaCoS,
After the war, infrastructure was The Island Garden City of Samal. The first City
Mayor was Rogelio P. Antalan, who later served for
three consecutive terms from 1998 to 2007.
3|SAMAL I SLAND CITY COLLE GE (SAMA 1)
built, like schools, churches and stores in the area.
ISAMAL were the early inhabitants of Samal Island. The island was named after
ISAMAL known as the early people who came in two waves hundreds of years ago from
the nearby island of Borneo, Sulawesi and the Moluccas which were part of a Southeast
Asian region called the “Malay Region”.
ISAMAL tribe was ruled by a king locally known as the “DATU” before the
Americans came in 1900’s. One the last ones to rule the island was a tribal chief known
as Datu Taganiog who run the “MALIBASA” a small coastal village which later known
as “PEŇAPLATA”.
Datu Taganiog was so respected and honored by the villagers and other people
on the island. When the Datu died in January 28, 1948 the village was named Malibasa
which means “honorable” in their local dialect which is later known as Peñaplata.
ISAMALS headed by their tribal leader Datu Taganiog were known to live in
perfect harmony as peace-loving people for many years.
During the American occupation when the governor-general was creating and
organizing the entire Philippine archipelago into districts and towns, the whole Samal
Island was set up as “district municipality”. This district was composed of the main
island of Samal and smaller island and islets of Talicud, Cruz, Ligid, Malipano and
Arboles (or Sanipahan).
To run the affairs of the island, the American colonizers set up functions for a
district president and vice-president as well as town councilors whose term of office
depends on the trust and confidence of the provincial governor named by the
Americans as the appointing officer at that time.

Important People, Events and dates of Samal

July 8, 1948 – an Executive Order 151 was finally created Samal as a regular
municipality by formerly Philippine President Elpidio Quirino.
Apolonio Mahinay – Samal Island’s first top official, a district mayor re-
appointed by the provincial governor Miranda, a position he held earlier when the island
town was first created. He held on to this top position until the last day of December

4|SAMAL I SLAND CITY COLLE GE (SAMA 1)

1951 after losing the mayoralty position to Simplicio Obenza during the November
election of 1951.
July 7, 1971 – Simplicio Obenza died, Vice-mayor Felix Solamo took over the
top post, however Solamo lost his mayoralty seat to Obenza’s son Galileo in the
November national elections ten years later.
Executive Order No. 586 – was created in recognizing the robust economic
growth of Babak, President Elpidio Quirino officially established Babak as another town
or municipality.
July 18, 1966 – KAPUTIAN the southern portion of the island was organized and
established as another new municipality by the late President Ferdinand Marcos under
Republic Act 4745.
1960 – 70% of the entire population of Samal district were the migrants and
traders from Cebu island in the central Philippines and the rest were the ISAMALS, the
original inhabitants at 22% while 8% were migrants from the islands of Bohol, Panay,
Leyte and Luzon in the northern Philippines who eke out their living as traders, framers
and fishermen. Some of these migrants included Muslim tribes coming from far-of
provinces in Mindanao who lived off the island by farming or fishing in the Davao Gulf
and living along the coastal villages of Samal.
Isamal Festivals
Pangapog Festival One of the biggest and most colorful festivals in the
island of Samal. It’s a festival of thanks giving for a bountiful harvest and overflow of
blessings for the island. The festivals comes alive in Samal during the last week of
August and islanders call their festival “MADAYAW, HUGWAY Festival” of Samal.

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DAVAO DEL NORTE
Davao del Norte is
one of the regions that
created District XI or Davao
Locale. It has three cities
namely; Island Garden City
of Samal, Panabo and
Tagum City and it has 8
Municipalities namely;
Asuncion, B.E. Dujali,
Carmen, Kapalong, New
Corella, San Isidro, Sto Tomas and Talaingod. Davao del Norte has the more
prominent segment of the locale's populace and assets. This study focuses one (1) of
the municipality and now city of Davao Del Norte, which is the Island Garden City of
Samal (s).
Etymology
The name Samal was
derived from the Tribe of “Isamal”,
the Sama-Bajau-speaking people,
the natives who were the first
inhabitants of the island. In the
Philippines, most Sama speakers
are referred to as “Samal” a Tausug
term. Elsewhere, in Indonesia and
Malaysia, the Sama-speaking
groups are known as “Bajau”, a
term apparent Malay Origin, while in the Philippines “Bajau” is reserved more narrowly
for boat-nomadic or formerly nomadic groups.
The name Peñaplata is said to be derived from the word "piña" or pineapple
because of the abundance of pineapple in the area; this, however, is folk etymology, for
peñaplata literally means "rock of silver" in Spanish. Tagpopongan is the first barangay

6|SAMAL I SLAND CITY COLLE GE (SAMA 1)

in the island which name was from the word "tagpo" or meet. It was so called owing to
the fact that this place was chosen by the Datu’s as their meeting place. The word
Samal was also known before because it was commonly used as surname by Datu’s.

Island Garden City of Samal (IGaCoS)

Base on the website of Island Garden
City of Samal, there are two main Islands in
IGACOS, Samal Island and Talicud Island
which is situated at the Southern point. The
population Average Annual Growth Rate is
1.58 percent while its population density is
four persons per hectare. IGACOS enjoys an
evenly distributed rainfall throughout the year
and a typhoon free climate, which make it ideal for agricultural production. The trend of
population in the Island Garden City of Samal is increasing. As a result, the government
is now facing an uncontrolled population problem on the utilization of its limited
resources such as employment, food, education, health, nutrition and other. The trend
of population of the city had a formidable growth rate of 1.58 percent for the year of
2015 Philippine Statistics Authority census official survey result totaled to 104,123. In
2017, the City Health Office Survey Result totaled population accounted to 114,716. It is
noted that males dominated females for about 59,083 in terms of population.
Data on Population by age
group based on CHO 2017 survey
result by sex, the highest number of
populations is between 5 to 9
years. In relation to the city's
economic activities, agriculture has
a great contribution in the island's
economy. Basically, 90 percent of
the total land area is devoted to
coconut, corn, and other crops
production. About 71.12 percent is developed for agricultural production while 18.96

7|SAMAL I SLAND CITY COLLE GE (SAMA 1)

percent remains idle which mean that there is still more space for agricultural
production.
Among the city's major
crops, coconut is the highest with 29,050
hectares planted. The coconut is
processed into copra and sold to
neighbouring city particularly Davao
City. Among the three, mango is
considered in One Town One Product
Program of the local government and the
city will be known for its Fresh Mango and
other related products. About 18.96% of the land area remains idle which means that
there is still more space for agricultural production. Few years passed, the production of
mango, banana and cassava has been increasing.
The increase of production indicates
more area will develop for agricultural crop
plantation, and its potential to add up the
volume of agricultural production in the
coming years. These are directly sold in the
nearby market particularly in Davao
City. Aside from farming and
fishing, livestock production is given full
support from the local government. The City
Veterinary Office is tasked to monitor and
ensure animals' physical condition. Being a
coastal city having an extensive coastline of 118.5-kilometer-long and thirty-one or sixty
seven percent of the forty-six barangays are coastal, fishing is one of the sources of
living of its residents.

8|SAMAL I SLAND CITY COLLE GE (SAMA 1)

 The Island Garden City of
Samal is considered as one of the
most promising tourist destinations in
the country for its inimitable beauty
and unspooling natural attraction
such as white sand beaches, crystal
waters, religious and historical
attractions, caves, mountains,
forests, view decks and falls the
island can offer. Total Tourists Arrival
in 2014 accounted to 422,787-day
tour tourists and 256,605 overnight tourists. Island tour is available for tourists who wish
to view Samal Island by water.
IGACOS programs
and projects are a big help
in economy’s growth of the
island, while tourism has
an impact on the economy
as it creates jobs, as well
as promotes local culture
and products, tourism must
also be sustainable, i.e., it
should account for impacts
on the environment. Sustainable addresses present needs of visitors, the tourism
industry, the environment and host communities, without compromising the ability of
future generations to meet their own needs (WCED, 1987)

9|SAMAL I SLAND CITY COLLE GE (SAMA 1)

Activity 1.

Name: _____________________________ Instructor: ____________________

Session: ___________________________ Score: _______________________

Direction: Read carefully and write your answer neatly. Avoid erasures. (25 points
each)

1. Based on the History of IGACOS formerly known as Samal Island, what is your
point of view on the new name of the Island?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

2. Identify and explain the 3 districts of IGACOS?

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

10 | S A M A L I S L A N D C I T Y C O L L E G E ( S A M A 1 )
 Essay rubrics in activity and exercise/s.
The answer of the students will be evaluated based the following criteria:
 Integration of Knowledge. 10 points 40%
 Content 5 points 20%
 Organization of answer 5 points 20%

 Grammar, spelling and writing mechanics 5 points 20%

Total 25 points 100%

11 | S A M A L I S L A N D C I T Y C O L L E G E ( S A M A 1 )
 Lesson 2: Mapping

Learning Objectives

At the end of the lesson the students should be able to;

1. Identify the different district that composes that IGACOS.

2. Recognize the different Barangays that constitute each Districts, and
3. Appreciate the resources of IGACOS.

Introduction

Samal District Map

Barangay under Samal District

1. BARANGAY LIMAO
2. BARANGAY CATAGMAN
3. BARANGAY San Miguel
4. BARANGAY MAMBAGO-A
5. BARANGAY PENAPLATA
6. BARANGAY Tagdaliao
7. BARANGAY LICUP
8. BARANGAY CAWAG
9. BARANGAY TAGBITAN-AG
10. BARANGAY GUILON
11. BARANGAY TAGBAY
12. BARANGAY AUNDANAO
13. BARANGAY AUMBAY
14. BARANGAY DEL MONTE
15. BARANGAY SAN JOSE
Barangay Population Means of Living Tourist Attraction
La Familia
LIMAO Golden Bay
2, 497 Beach Workers, Farming
Chema’s by the Sea
Costa Marina
Bali-Bali Beach
Resort
CATAGMAN 1,297 Beach Workers/Caretakers
Punta Del Sol
La Vida
San Miguel 1,644 Business, Sari-sari store Sea Grass
MAMBAGO-A 1,833 Business, Sari-sari store
PENAPLATA 6,097 Business, Sari-sari store, Base Camp Resort

12 | S A M A L I S L A N D C I T Y C O L L E G E ( S A M A 1 )
 Vendors, Government Fernandez Beach
Employees Resort
Tagdaliao Farming, Construction
765
Worker, Sari-sari Store
LICUP 889 Farming, Fishing
Maxima
CAWAG 2,585 Farming, Beach Worker
Hagimit Falls
TAGBITAN-AG
2,183 Farming, Fishing Putting Bato
GUILON 1,553 Farming, Fishing
Farming, Fishing, Caretaker
TAGBAY 1,407
of Beaches
Canibad Adventure
Canibad Hidden
Farming, Fishing, Caretaker
AUNDANAO 1,288 Paradise
of Beaches
Canibad Secret
Paradise
Farming, Fishing, Caretaker
AUMBAY 1,918
of Beaches
Farming, Fishing, Caretaker
DEL MONTE 1,818
of Beaches
Farming, Fishing, Caretaker Casa Playa De Chi
SAN JOSE 1,754
of Beaches

BABAK DISTRICT

HISTORY OF BABAK

In this isolated unnamed coastal

area, there abound green leafy shrubs
called “Tagbak” which were used by the
natives into making baskets and containers
for their fish catch, food and other things.
The place had been the source of “Tagbak”
the main materials for their native
handicrafts.

On another account, there was in

the said place, a tree which the natives
called “Bakbak” which used to be the
landmark of the place.

13 | S A M A L I S L A N D C I T Y C O L L E G E ( S A M A 1 )
 The place then, having been made the center of tribal economic business activities and
commercial intercourses, the name “Babak” in short was born and became known to be the natives
trading center in the island. Babak grew and developed into a native community out of the century
old native tradition, old fashioned agricultural farming and antiquated methods of fishing.

Barangay under Babak District

1. BARANGAY BALET 9. BARANGAY SAN AGUSTIN

2. BARANGAY CALICLIC 10. BARANGAY SAN ANTONIO
3. BARANGAY CAMUDMUD 11. BARANGAY SAN ISIDRO
4. BARANGAY COGON 12. BARANGAY SANTO NIÑO
5. BARANGAY KINAWITNON 13. BARANGAY TAGPOPONGAN
6. BARANGAY LIBUAK 14. BARANGAY TAMBO
7. BARANGAY MAMABAGO-B 15. BARANGAY TORIL
8. BARANGAY MIRANDA 16. BARANGAY VILLARICA

Barangay Population Means of Living Tourist Attraction

Farming,livestock,fish
COGON 2,960 dealer,driving using single
motor
▪Mimi’s beach resort
▪Mandaya resort
Fishing,farming,fish dealer and ▪Plateros beach resort
Tagpopongan 1407 driving using single motor, ▪C & c beach resort
beach care taker ▪Rhea beach resort
▪Kamayo beach resort

▪Monfort conservation
park ( bat cave ) it also
have monfort
conservation park
souviner items.
▪Marex beach resort
Fishing,livestock,fish dealer
TAMBO 3,587 ▪Island french
and farming
▪Island ridge resort
▪Island hill beach resort(
subd.,w/amenities)
▪Sanipaan marine park (
vanishing island )

▪Amparo e. Santos
garden beach resort
Fishing,resort and beach
Camudmud 3,084 ▪Japanese tunnel ( now
worker and farming
mango haven )
▪Cavanico el mare

14 | S A M A L I S L A N D C I T Y C O L L E G E ( S A M A 1 )
 ▪Ocien view
▪Halal foods resto
▪Holy cross training
center
▪Bangayan farm (
guyabano only ) mango
farm
▪Our lady of victory
▪Rmpc beach resort and
training center
▪Club asiano beach
resort
▪Holiday ocean view
Fishing,resort and beach
San Antonio 2,214
worker and farming
Anamarina resort,
island buenavista,
Farming,livestock,fishing,drivin
samal seaside resot,
Balet 3,614 g using single motor,resort
Mcf beach house, balet
and beach worker
beach resort,

Livelihood are
farming,livestock and small
Toril 3,707 business( sari-sari store,
motorcycle shops and food
establishments)
Livelihood are
Mamacao springs
Libuak 1,495 farming,livestock and small
business( sari-sari store)
Small business, Government
Employees, Employees in big
VILLARICA 3,920
businesses, Fish vendors and
Driving Small Ferry Boats
Livelihood are livestock and
Mambago B 3,357 small business( sari-sari store
and vulcanizing shops )
▪El paril caliclic beach
resort
▪Blue jazz beach resort
& water park
Fishing,resort and beach
▪Alohamoana resort
Caliclic 2,854 worker
▪D’water edge resort
▪Seaside campsite
▪El magic beach resort
▪Coco caliclic beach
resort

15 | S A M A L I S L A N D C I T Y C O L L E G E ( S A M A 1 )
 ▪Isla beach resort
Rainbow breeze resort
▪Venus island garden
resort and restaurant
▪Samal watersports
center
▪Sonrisa dv beach
resort
▪Paradise island park &
beach resort
▪Camp holiday resort
and recreation area
Fishing,resort and beach
▪Club samal resort
worker
▪Mahan garden resort
• Employees in gas
▪Seaside campsite
Kinawitnon 2,527 stations, convenience
beach resort
store and samal ferry
▪Paul beach resort
terminal
▪El magic resort
▪Isla beach resort
▪Sunset beach park
Fishing,resort and beach
Miranda 6,661 worker Island hills village resort

Small business(sari-sari
stores, motorcycle shops and HI-5 PRINCESS
San Agustin 2,075 food establishments) and TROPICAL INLAND
livestock RESORT

Small business (sari-sari

San Isidro 2,756 stores), livestock and farming.

Small business(sari-sari
Santo Nino 1,806
stores), livestock and farming

KAPUTIAN

HISTORY OF KAPUTIAN

On June 18, 1966, the Philippine Congress

historically made landmark legislation through enabling
laws passed under “Republic Act No. 4754” that dubbed
the creation of the municipality of Kaputian and
separating it from the mother municipality for the

16 | S A M A L I S L A N D C I T Y C O L L E G E ( S A M A 1 )
purpose. The mandate includes the islets of Malipano and Talicud Island. Under Executive
order 184, Kaputian was legally declared as another municipality of Davao Province.
Kaputian derived its name from the “White Sand” in local dialect “Putting Balas” is
significantly true to the shoreline of the place that occupies the southern part of the Samal
Island long before ruled by Datu Budas.

Barangay’s

1. BRGY. ADECOR 9. BRGY. PANGUBATAN

2. BRGY. ANONANG 10. BRGY. POB. KAPUTIAN
3. BRGY. BANDERA 11. BRGY. SAN ISIDRO
4. BRGY. COGON 12. BRGY. SAN REMEGIO
5. BRGY. DADATAN 13. BRGY. SION
6. BRGY. KANAAN 14. BRGY.SANTACRUZ
7. BRGY. LIBERTAD 15. BRGY. TAGBAOBAO
8. BRGY.LNOSUTAN (TALIKUD ISLAND)

Barangay Population Means of Living Tourist Attraction

▪Pearl Farm Resort
Fishing, Farming, ▪Hof Gorsi Resort
Adecor 2, 047
Livestock,Resort Worker ▪Blue Bird Resort
▪Taklobo
Anonang 2,599 Farming, Livestock, Resort ▪Anonang Highlands
Worker ▪Lodge Samal
▪Haze Haven Inland Resort
Bandera 1,759 Fishing, Farming, Livestock ▪Rice Field
▪Bandera’s Botanical Garden
Cogon 2,226 Fishing, Farming, Livestock, ▪Giant Balete
Resort Worker ▪Gen Crystal Water Resort
▪La Isla Bonita
Dadatan 1,586 Fishing, Farming, Livestock, ▪Dadatan Bat Conversation
Resort Worker Park
▪Punta Del Sol Mangroove
Sanctuary
▪Dayang Beach Resort
▪Angel’s Cove
Kanaan 1,721 Fishing, Farming, Livestock, ▪Kanaan Ridge
Resort Worker
Libertad 2,734 Fishing, Farming, Livestock
Linosutan 1,020 Fishing, Farming, Livestock, ▪Baga Cave
Resort Worker ▪Friendship road
▪Faith Healer’s Camp

17 | S A M A L I S L A N D C I T Y C O L L E G E ( S A M A 1 )
Pangubatan 1,601 Fishing, Farming, Livestock, ▪Island Garden Resort
Resort Worker ▪Langoy-langoy Resort
▪Kalipay sa Baybay Resort
Poblacion 4,855 Fishing, Farming, Livestock, ▪Kaputian Beach
Kaputian Resort Worker ▪Kaputian Kostal Resort
▪Isla Betita Resort
San Isidro 1,670 Fishing, Farming, Livestock, Kembali Beach
Resort Worker
San 2,550 Fishing, Farming, Livestock, ▪Samalan Camp and Sea
Remegio Resort Worker ▪Alorro Beach
Sion 718 Farming, Livestock
Santa Cruz 4,194 Fishing, Farming, Livestock, ▪Leticia by the Sea
Resort Worker ▪Sta. Cruz Wharf
▪Isla Reta Beach
Tagbaobao 2,631 Fishing, Farming, Livestock, ▪Mangongawong Falls
Resort Worker ▪Albert’s Place

18 | S A M A L I S L A N D C I T Y C O L L E G E ( S A M A 1 )
Activity 1.

Name: _____________________________ Instructor: ____________________

Session: ___________________________ Score: _______________________

Direction: Draw the three (3) districts and label the barangays base on its Global
Positioning System GPS map.

BABAK DISTRICT

SAMAL DISTRICT

KAPUTIAN DISTRICT

19 | S A M A L I S L A N D C I T Y C O L L E G E ( S A M A 1 )
 output rubrics in activity and exercise/s.
The answer of the students will be evaluated based the following criteria:
 Accuracy of location. 5 points 20%
 Cleanliness of output 5 points 20%
 Organization of answer 5 points 20%

 Artistic output 10 points 40%

Total 25 points 100%

20 | S A M A L I S L A N D C I T Y C O L L E G E ( S A M A 1 )
Post Test Evaluation:

Name: _____________________________ Instructor: ____________________

Session: ___________________________ Score: _______________________

Direction: Write only the letter of answer on the space provided before each number.
Test I. Multiple Choice:

_______1. In 1900’s there was a small coastal area in the island that was run by Datu
Taganiog.
a. Bakbak b. Malibasa c. Kaputian

_______2. What Republic Act that created to separate the KAPUTIAN as a town?
a. RA 4754 b. RA 5447 c. RA 7545

_______3. What Number of the Executive Order was created in recognizing the robust
economic growth of Babak and officially established Babak as another town or
municipality.

a. 586 b. 856 c. 658

_______4. Who were the first inhabitants of Samal Island?

a. Spanish b. Americans c. Isamals

_______5. Who is Samal Island’s first top official as Municipal Mayor?

a. Datu Taganiog b. Apolonio Mahinay c. Simplicio Obenza

_______6. How many Barangays are there under Samal District?

a. 14 b. 15 c. 16

_______7. The name of a tree which natives used as a landmark in Babak.

a. Bakbak b. Tagbak c. Tigbak

_______8. A green leafy shrubs used by the natives into making baskets.

b. Bakbak b. Tagbak c. Tigbak

_______9. How many Barangays are there under the Babak District?

a. 14 b. 15 c. 16

21 | S A M A L I S L A N D C I T Y C O L L E G E ( S A M A 1 )
_______10. How many Barangays are there under the Kaputian District?

a. 14 b. 15 c. 16

Test II. Identification. Write your answer on the space provided before each number.

________________________1. Samal Island’s second Municipal Mayor.

________________________2. The President who signed the Executive Order to

establish Babak as a town or municipality.

________________________3. Tribe in Samal that lived in perfect harmony as peace-

loving people.

________________________4. Samal Island’s first top official, a district mayor re-

appointed by the provincial governor Miranda, a position he held earlier when the island
town was first created.

________________________5. The President who signed the Republic Act 4745

known as the creation of Kaputian as another town or municipality.

________________________6. This place had been the source of “Tagbak”

________________________7. The place being made as the center of tribal economic

busness activities and commercial intercourse.

________________________8. Under the Executive Order No. 184, this place was
legally declared as another municipality of Davao Province.

________________________9. The date when the Municipal of Kaputian was legally

declared as another town or municipality.

_______________________10. Where does the name Kaputian derived from?

22 | S A M A L I S L A N D C I T Y C O L L E G E ( S A M A 1 )
Test III. True or False. Write the word TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if
not.

_________1. In 1960, 70% of the entire population of Samal district was the migrants
and traders from Cebu Island in the central Philippines

_________2. July 8, 1984 is the date when the entire island itself becomes part of the
newly created municipality of Samal.

_________3. The Island Garden City of Samal was created through the Republic Act
4745.

_________4. The First City Mayor of the IGaCoS is Apolonio Mahinay.

_________5. President Elpidio Quirino signed the Executive Order Nol. 586 in creating
the Babak as another town or municipality.

_________6. The Tigbak tree is used by the natives as a landmark of their trading
center.

_________7. The Barangay Licup is under the Samal District.

_________8. The Barangay Cogon is under the Babak District.

_________9. The Barangay Adecor is under the Babak District.

_________10. The name Kaputian is derived from the “Putting Bato.”

23 | S A M A L I S L A N D C I T Y C O L L E G E ( S A M A 1 )
References

Pena. A.,Kronberg, U. 2008, Samal Guidebook, Palstek Verlag, Hamburg, Germany,

southpoint Graphics production Enterprises.

Retrieve from: https://wikimili.com/en/Samal,Davaodel_Norte

Retrieve from: https://infogalactic.com/info/Samal,DavaodelNorte

Marc Lau, August 26, 2015; retrieve from:

https://ww.scribd.com/document/276231754/History-of-Samal

Retrieve from: http://www.samalcity.gov.ph/2015/index.php/basic-information/history

24 | S A M A L I S L A N D C I T Y C O L L E G E ( S A M A 1 )
 Module 4

Lesson: The Indigenous Peoples’ Act of 1997 (IPRA Law)

Learning Objectives

At the end of the lesson the students should be able to;

1. Discuss the important concepts embodying the IPRA Law;

2. Contextualize the intent of the legislature in the formulation of IPRA Law in relation
to socio-economic status of the Indigenous people of Samal Island; and

3. Cite concrete examples where the basic concept of IPRA Law is evident in the
community.

Motivation

1. Interview an indigenous person in your

community. You may use your phone to
call them for the interview, or if you do
it face to face do not forget to observe
social distancing. Do not forget to inform
them of the confidentiality of whatever
information that they will share to you.

2. Ask your interviewee the following questions;

A. What significant experience have you had that you

feel you were deprived of the use and utilization of the
land that you believe your ancestral lands?

B. Are you aware of the IPRA Law? (If the answer is

yes, ask them what important concept of the law that
you know about?)

(If the answer is no, ask them why he/she did not know about it. You may provide
basic information about IPRA Law, they might have discussed it but just do not
exactly know the name of the law).
 3. Share your answer in your GC and interact with your classmates on the
topic assigned.

DISCUSSION

Republic Law 8371, known as ―The Indigenous Peoples’ Rights Act of

1997” (IPRA), was enacted in October 29, 1997. It has been praised for its support
for the cultural integrity of indigenous peoples, the right to their lands and the right
to self-directed development of these lands.

Brief Historical Background

Impact of the legal system on the Indigenous Peoples

 When the Spaniards left, we continued to use their Government system;

 This did not recognize traditional land rights and ownership of ICCs/IPs;
 Without titles, Indigenous Peoples were forced to lose ownership of these
lands.

Statistics

 One (1) of every six (6) Filipino is a member of an indigenous cultural

community.
  Twelve (12) million Filipinos are members of the estimated One Hundred Ten
(110) Indigenous Cultural Communities or Seventeen (17) percent of the
estimated Seventy (70) million Filipinos.
 The Indigenous Peoples are among the poorest sector of Philippine society
and also among the most powerless.

The Indigenous Peoples Rights Act was enacted on October 29, 1997
precisely to address the marginalization and powerlessness of the Indigenous
Cultural communities.

BENEFICIARIES OR RIGHT HOLDERS

Section 3 - Definition of Terms

Indigenous Cultural
Communities/Indigenous Peoples
(ICCs/IPs) - refer to a group of people or
homogenous societies identified by self-
ascription and ascription by others, who
have continuously lived as organized
community on communally bounded and
defined territory, and who have, under
claims of ownership since time
immemorial, occupied, possessed and utilized such territories, sharing common
bonds of language, customs, traditions and other distinctive cultural traits, or who
have, through resistance to political, social and cultural inroads of colonization, non-
indigenous religions and cultures, became historically differentiated from the majority
of Filipinos. ICCs/IPs shall likewise include peoples who are regarded as indigenous
on account of their descent from the populations which inhabited the country, at the
time of conquest or colonization, or at the time of inroads of non-indigenous religions
and cultures, or the establishment of present state boundaries, who retain some or
all of their own social, economic, cultural and political institutions, but who may have
been displaced from their traditional domains or who may have resettled outside
their ancestral domains.

SCOPE OF PROTECTION

Section 32 - Community Intellectual Rights

ICCs/IPs has the right to practice and revitalize their own cultural traditions
and customs. The State shall presence, protect and develop the past, present and
future manifestations of their cultures as well as the right to the restitution of cultural,
intellectual religious, and spiritual property taken without their free and prior informed
consent or in violation of their laws, traditions and customs.

Section 34 - Right to Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Practices and

to Develop own Sciences and Technologies

ICCs/IPs is entitled to the recognition of the full ownership and control end
protection of their cultural and intellectual rights. They shall have the right to special
measures to control, develop and protect their sciences, technologies and cultural
manifestations, including human and other genetic resources, seeds, including
derivatives of these resources, traditional medicines and hearth practices, vital
medicinal plants, animals and minerals, indigenous knowledge systems and
practices, knowledge of the properties of fauna and flora, oral traditions, literature,
designs, and visual and performing arts.

Section 35 - Access to Biological and Genetic Resources

Access to biological and genetic resources and to indigenous knowledge

related to the conservation, utilization and enhancement of these resources shall be
allowed within ancestral lands and domains of the ICCs/IPs only with a free and prior
informed consent of such communities, obtained in accordance with customary laws
of the concerned community.

SUMMARY OF THE LAW

The Republic Act No. 8371

An act to recognize, protect and promote the rights of Indigenous Cultural

Communities/Indigenous Peoples, creating a National Commission on Indigenous
Peoples, Establishing Implementing Mechanisms, Appropriating Funds therefor, and
for other purposes.

What is the Indigenous Peoples Rights Act (IPRA)?

 Recognize, Protect and Promote the rights of

ICCs/IPs
 Create the National Commission on Indigenous
Peoples (NCIP)
 Establishes Implementing Mechanisms
 Appropriates Funds
 Other Purposes

Rights of ICCs/IPs

 Rights to Ancestral Domains and Lands

 Right to Self-Governance and Empowerment
 Social Justice and Human Rights
 Cultural Integrity
 Rights to ancestral Domain
 Right of ownership
 Right to develop lands and natural
resources
 Right to stay in territories
 Right in case of displacement
 Right to regulate entry of migrants
 Rights to safe and clean air and water
 Right to claim parts of reservation
 Right to resolve conflict
 Right to ancestral land
Ancestral Domain defined

 All areas generally belonging to ICCs/IPs

 Held under a claim of ownership, occupied and possessed
 By themselves or through their ancestors
 Communally or individually since time immemorial
 Continuously to the present
 Necessary to ensure their economic, social and cultural welfare.
 It includes; ancestral lands, forests, pasture, residential, agricultural, hunting
grounds, burial grounds, worship areas, bodies of water, mineral & other
natural resources.

Ancestral Land defined

 Land occupied, possessed and utilized

 By individuals, families and clans who are members of the ICC/IP
 Since time immemorial
 By themselves of through their predecessors-in-interest
 Under claims of individual or traditional group ownership
 Continuously up to the present
 Except when interrupted by:
o War
o Force majeure or displacement by force
o Deceit
o Stealth
o As a consequence of gov’t projects and other dealings between gov’t
and private corporation.

IP Concept of Ownership

 Ancestral domains and all resources found therein shall serve as the material
bases of their cultural integrity.
 Ancestral domains are the ICCs/Ips private but community property which
belongs to all generations and therefore cannot be sold, disposed or
destroyed.
 Covers sustainable traditional resource rights
Responsibilities of ICCs/IPs

 Maintain ecological balance

 Restore denuded forests
 Observe laws

Right to self-governance and empowerment

 Self-governance and self-determination

 Justice system, conflict resolution institutions, and peace building processes
 Participation in decision-making
 Determine and decide priorities for development
 Tribal barangays

Social Justice and Human Rights

 Equal protections and non—discrimination of ICCs/Ips

 Rights during armed conflict
 Right to equal opportunity and treatment
 Discrimination against ICCs/Ips on the terms and conditions of employment
and denial of benefits
 Basic services
 Equal rights for women
 Children and Youth

Cultural Integrity

 Protection of Indigenous Culture,

Traditions and Institutions
 Educational system
 Recognition of cultural diversity
 Community intellectual rights
 Rights to cultural sites and ceremonies
 Rights to IKSP
 Access to biological and genetic resources
 Sustainable agro-technical development
 Right to receive from the national gov’t funds for archaeological and historical
sites
National Commission on Indigenous Peoples

 To carry out policies se forth in RA 8371 (IPRA)

 Primary government agency responsible for the formulation and
implementation of policies, plans and programs to promote and protect the
rights and well-being of the ICCs/IPs and the recognition of their ancestral
domains as well as their rights thereto.
 Mandate – to protect and promote the interest and well-being of the ICCs/Ips
with due regard to their beliefs, customs, traditions and institutions.

The Commission

 Composition: 7 commissioners each representing an ethnographic region

 One of whom shall be the Chairperson
 Two of the 7 shall be women

Powers and Functions

 Policy making body

 Quasi-judicial body
 Implementing Agency
 Titling of Ancestral Domains and Lands

Policy Making

 Implementing rules and regulations

 Guidelines
 Rules on Pleadings, procedure and practice before the NCIP
 Other issuances

Quasi-Judicial Body

 Claims and disputes involving rights of ICCs/Ips

 Primacy of Customary Law
 Regional Hearing Officer
 Rules on Pleadings, Practice and Procedure

Jurisdiction of the NCIP

 Conflicts involving ancestral lands and domains

 Cancellation of fraudulent CADTs/CALTs
  Violation of FPIC
 Sec. 10 – Unlawful Intrusion
 Sec. 24 – Employment
 Sec. 33 – Cultural Integrity
 Property Rights

Implementing Agency

 Programs
o Educational assistance
o Legal Assistance
 Projects
o Small Projects

Titling of Ancestral Lands and Domains

 Ancestral Domains
 Ancestral Lands outside Ancestral Domains
 Ancestral Lands within Ancestral Domains

Offices within the NCIP

 Ancestral Domains Office

 Office on Policy, Planning and Research
 Office of Education, Culture and Health
 Office on Socio-economic Services and Special Concerns
 Office of Empowerment and Human Rights
 Administrative Office
 Legal Affairs Office
 12 Regional Offices
 Other Field Offices – Provincial Offices and Community Service
Centers
 Office of the Executive Director
ACTIVITY: Indigenous People’s right.

Name: _____________________________ Instructor: ____________________

Session: ___________________________ Score: _______________________

TEST I. Multiple Choice

Direction: Read each statement carefully then answers the question that follows.
Choose the letter that best describes your answer. Write your
answer on the space provided.

_______1. An act to recognize, protect and promote the rights of indigenous cultural
communities/indigenous peoples, creating a national commission on
indigenous peoples, establishing implementing mechanisms,
appropriating funds therefor, and for other purposes.

a. RA 8371 b. RA 8317 c. RA 8173

________2. This Republic Act is known as ―The Indigenous Peoples’ Rights of

1997‖.

a. RA 8371 b. RA 8317 c. RA 8173

________3. The date when the Republic Act Number 8371 was signed.

a. October 19, 2020 b. October 29, 1997 c.

October 28, 1971
_________4. Beneficiaries of the IPRA Law

a. Spaniards

b. Japanese People of the Philippines

c. Indigenous People of the Philippines

_________5. In the composition of commissioners representing the ethnographic

region, how many of this are women?

a. 2 b. 3 c.4 d. 7
TEST II. Application

1. Give at least 5 rights to Ancestral Domains.

2. Give at least 3 responsibilities of the Indigenous Cultural

Communities/Indigenous Peoples.

3. Give at least 7 Offices within the NCIP.

TEST III. FILL in the blanks. (10 marks)

1. ICCs/IPs has the right to _________and ______their own cultural traditions and
customs.
2. Ancestral domains and all resources found therein shall serve as the
_______bases of their cultural __________.
3. The ______________ Act was enacted on _________, 1997 precisely to
address the marginalization and powerlessness of the Indigenous Cultural
communities.
4. National commission on indigenous people mandated to ____________the
interest and well-being of the ______________with due regard to their beliefs,
customs, traditions and institutions.
5. ______________an act to recognize, protect and promote the rights of
Indigenous Cultural Communities/Indigenous Peoples, creating a National
Commission on Indigenous Peoples, Establishing Implementing Mechanisms,
Appropriating Funds therefor, and for other purposes

References

Online

https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1997/10/29/republic-act-no-8371/

https://www.slideshare.net/iamjcberboso/article-12-ra-8371

https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1997/10/29/republic-act-no-8371/

https://www.wipo.int/tk/en/databases/tklaws/articles/article_0017.html

https://www.doe.gov.ph/sites/default/files/pdf/eicc/eicc-planning-conference-
materials-ipra-presentation.pdf
 MODULE 5

THE SAMA TRIBE OF SAMAL ISLAND, DAVAO REGION:

MANDAYA, MANSAKA, AND KAGAN TRIBES

Learning Objectives:

At the end of the of the lesson the students should be able to;

1. Identify the different cultural tribes that comprises the Sama tribe of Samal Island,
2. Describe the demographic characteristics of the identified cultural tribes that
comprise the Sama tribe of Samal Island, and
3. Describe the socio-economic profile of the identified cultural tribes that comprise the
Sama tribe of Samal Island.

MOTIVATION

1. Interview an indigenous person in your community (either he/she is a sama,

mansaka, etc.). You may use your phone to call them for the interview, or if you
do it face to face do not forget to observe social distancing. Do not forget to
inform them of the confidentiality of whatever information that they will share to
you.
2. Ask your interviewee the following questions;
 To which tribal group does he/she belong?
 In what way you think your tribal tradition/belief is different from the
other indigenous tribes here at Samal Island? Or in other words, In
what way you think this/these tradition/s is/are distinct from the other
taditions of ethnic groups here in Samal Island
3. Share your answer in your GC and interact with your classmates on the topic
assigned.

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PRESENTATION AND DISCUSSION

Introduction

With over 7,600 island

in the Philippines and three
major island groups, it’s no
wonder that different cultural
practices, traditions and groups are presented in the country. Among the archipelagos
existing communities, there are indigenous tribes who have manage to keep their
cultural identity, despite the non-recognition ad marginalization they’re facing.

Although there are quite a number of indigenous tribes or ethnic groups in the
country, they remain some of the most poor, least privileged, and impeded members of
society. They mostly reside in the mountains, and hence were not affected by Spanish
or American colonization, which is the primary reason they were able to retain their
customs and traditions.

MANDAYA TRIBE

The Mandaya are a

complex group (Mangwanga,
Mangrangan, Managosan,
Magosan, Pagsupan, Divavaonon,
Dibabaon, Mansaka) and can be
found in Davao Oriental province
where there is a population of
some 22,000 (NSO 1980). The
national population is about
172,506 (NM 1994). They are
concentrated in the municipalities of Caraga (6,860), Manay (2,770), Cateel (2,665),
Lupon (3,055), and Tarragona (2,935). The known subgroupings are: (1) Mansaka, (2)
Pagsupan, (3) Mangwanga (Mangrangan, Compostela), (4) Managosan (Magosan),

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and (5) Divavaon (Dibabaon, Mixed ManoboMandaya), (6) Karaga, (7) Mansaka (NSO
1980).

They occupy the upstream areas, practicing slash-and-burn cultivation in highly

dispersed settlements. Apart from the wide range of cropping that they do for domestic
consumption, abaca is cultivated as a cash crop. Rice, various tubers, and bananas
form the bulk of the diet. Communities are dispersed usually near swiddens. Houses are
usually occupied by two or three family units, and these are usually within sight even if
dispersed. Proximity of these houses constitutes a neighborhood which is loosely
organized into a larger discrete domain with all the households related through several
crosscutting kin relationships. Families are either nuclear or polygynous.

Traditionally, each domain has a headman, bagani, whose word is considered law
and who wears distinctive clothing. His rule is tempered by an advisory council,
angtutukay, usually composed of elders in the community. With the disappearance of
the bagani structure at present the civil structures of the barangay prevails.

The Mandaya/Mansaka is famous for their distinctive dress and ornamentation. The
tie-dye weaving and embroidery by the women is linked up with a sophisticated
symbolic art system that evolved design motifs that are provided with names. The
beadwork and silver craft on body ornaments marks this group as one of the most
noteworthy of Philippine indigenous peoples in terms of
art.

THE MANSAKA

Mansaka ethnic group is found in the provinces of

Davao del Norte and Compostela Valley particularly in
the cities of Davao and Tagum and other municipalities
of the said provinces in Pantukan ,MacoMabini, Mawab,
Nabunturan and Maragusan.

The Mansaka are the most dominant ethnic group

in Compostella Valley Province. They are said to have

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lived in the area since the time when Magbabaya (Creator) created them.

A Farming People

They are particular in the management of their economic activities specially in

farming: when and where they will establish their farms. It is important that they do not
go into anyone else’s territory. If ever this happens, a tribal war ensues. This is the
common cause of inter-tribal war – a member going into the territory of another
indigenous group, which causes the death of many members. It is the tribal leader who
has the full authority to resolve any problem and ease relationships anew.

The community assigns members to manage the farm. Men are tasked with tilling
the land and other farm-related jobs. They do not farm on the same area though to
maintain the fertility of the land and to prevent future soil erosion.Women, on the other
hand, are tasked to produce clothings and weave mats. They also help in the farm
during planting, weeding and harvesting times.

Rituals, as performed by the baylan (ritual practitioner), are done during planting
and harvesting season. This activity is done to ask Magbabaya to give them bountiful
harvests, and to drive away bad spirits or pests that will damage their plants/farms.

The time of harvest is an occassion for merrymaking. The first meal from their
farm produce, is calledpyagsawitan. A ceremony is performed to offer their harvest to
Magbabaya. Families and neighbors join and witness the event. They bring food and
wine as their contribution. Tribal dances are performed, coupled with singing and the
playing of indigenous instruments. Each guest leaves with something from the farm
produce.

Besides farming, they also go hunting. Wild pigs, deer, birds and other animals
caught are divided / shared among the community members. Fish are also taken from
the streams and rivers under commonly observed rules. Fishing is limited only to one’s
territory and the tribal leader determines and clarifies such territories.

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Tribal customs/practices

The Mansaka’s economic and political life is largely determined by the tribal
elders or matikadong who are also baganis or tribal warriors.

As it is with other indigenous groups, any conflict that arises is resolved among
the members of the community. The most frequent of conflicts revolves around land and
river. Another is when a woman who is about to be married elopes or is taken away by
another man. This usually results to a tribal war especially when this is not resolved
immediately by the tribal leaders. The man who has taken away the woman is ordered
to pay all the expenses incurred for the wedding among other penalties.

The task of a bagani is to protect the rights and lives of the community or clan
members. He is called a tribal warrior because of his capacity to fight and protect the
community. A Bagani has killed at least 12 people prior to assuming the position. A
ceremony is performed by the baylan to proclaim the tribal warriors. During the ritual, a
person is tied to a post and is killed by the yet-to-be-proclaimed Bagani with a bangkaw
or a spear. Afterwards, a red cloth is tied around his head as a sign of his becoming a
Bagani. From that moment onwards, he is to ensure that no one among his community
would fall under abuse or be denied of their rights.

The baylan also performs a ritual or ceremony to heal a sick member of the
community. If a member becomes sick or is purportedly being punished by the spirit of
the river, the ceremony will also be done at the river.

When it comes to courtship, the parents of the girl and the boy make the
arrangements. The boy is expected to help in the farm of the girl’s parents. He also
pays, in amount or in kind, the wedding dowry. An elder and a tribal leader officiate the
wedding ceremony and sit with them at the table. Part of the ceremony includes an
exchange of food (balls of rice and viand) between groom and bride.

Source:https://ncca.gov.ph/about-ncca-3/subcommissions/subcommission-on-cultural-
communities-and-traditional-arts-sccta

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KAAGAN/KAGAN

The Kagan people (also spelled as

Kaagan, Kalagan), are the ethnic group of the
southeastern part of the Philippines known as
Davao Region. They are one of the Muslim
minority groups in Mindanao and belong to the
13 Muslim Moro tribes of the Bangsamoro
family. They are thought to be one of the
various groups of lowland Filipinos who came
to the islands from Asia's southwestern mainland several thousand years ago.

The Kagans are the people living in the river keys and coastline of the Davao
Gulf and believed to be mainly of the KalaganTagakaolo branch. They have been
Islamised since the 15th century through intermarriage and through contacts with their
close neighbours, the Maguindanao and the Tausugs.

Kagan came from the word kaag which means to inform, to secure or secrecy. It
is a native word used by the tribe earlier when they have to inform the people in the
tribe and also on their neighbouring tribes, the Mandayas and Mansakas about
something happen since they are living in the river keys and coastal areas of Davao.
The other term also is Ka – allagan which means shining light referring from to the sun
due as they are believed to be more advanced in lifestyle and society than their
neighbouring tribes which live on the highlands of the mountains of Davao.

Lives and their culture

The Kagans are self-sufficient farmers, producing nearly all of their own food.
Wet-rice is grown in the lowlands, and dry-rice and corn are farmed in the upland areas.
Yams and sweet potatoes are also staple crops. Vegetables such as tomatoes, squash,
and beans are grown; coconuts abound and many kinds of fruit are available. Goats are
raised for meat, and chickens are raised for both eggs and meat. In addition to farming,
the Kagans catch fish and obtain wild foods and other various materials from the
marshes around them.

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 Those of highest rank in their society do not perform manual labor. Among the
rest of the population, male/female division of labor is not very pronounced. Generally,
men do the plowing, tilling, and other heavy farm work. The women do most of the
domestic work, often assisted by their older children.

The Kagan Art is confined mostly to weaving, basket making, and producing
certain ornaments. Personal adornment in the form of bright clothing, beaded jewelry,
and other accessories is distinctive and colorful. On special occasions, graceful dances
are performed to the rhythmic music of gongs and other instruments.

The Kagan social structure is unusual because it is modified by a system of

social rank, certain rules of descent, and distinctive marriage patterns. For most
purposes, social rank is less important than blood ties. Higher-ranking families maintain
elaborate genealogies to prove their claims of descent.

There is a strong preference for marriage between related families, especially

marriage to second cousins. After marriage, the couple usually resides in the husband's
community. Today, however, many young couples form their own independent
households.

Little research has been dedicated to this cultural group, according to the
Philippines National Commission for Culture and the Arts. The total Kalagan population
is estimated at 87,270 (1994). Historically, these were composed of small, warring
groups.

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EXERCISE: Understanding the Skills Approach in Leadership

Name: ______________________________ Instructor:_______________________

Session: ____________________________ Score: __________________________

Test I. IDENTIFICATION (15 points)

Instruction: Give some points of COMPARISON, DIFFERENCE among the ethnic

groups mentioned above. Write your answer inside the box respectively.

MANDAYA MANSAKA KAAGAN/KAGAN

Test II. ESSAY (15 points)

1. How do you compare the religious belief system of the Mandaya and Mansaka
with that of Kaagan/kagan? Cite atleast 3 examples, or instances. Write your
answer on the space provided below.

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

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Essay rubrics in activity and exercise/s.

The answer of the students will be evaluated based the following criteria:

 Integration of Knowledge. 10 points 40%

 Content 5 points 20%
 Organization of answer 5 points 20%

 Grammar, spelling and writing mechanics 5 points 20%

Total 25 points 100%

Test III. MULTIPLE CHOICE: Write the letter of your choice. (10 points)

1. Kagans are living in what particular place or area?

a. Mountains b. Riverside c Coastline d. Both b & c
2. The protector of the rights and lives of the community or clan of the
members called?
a. Baylan b. Banagi c. Datu d. Bagani
3. It is a tribe that has distinctive dress and ornamentation among the tribes
these are?
a. Mansaka b. Mandaya c. both a & b d. Kaagan
4. According to the research of Philippine national Commission for culture
and the arts how many kagan listed in the year of 1994?
a. 87,720 b. 87,027 c. 82,770 d. 87,270
5. What did the tribe called to a certain member of the tribe whose perform
the ritual or ceremony to heal a sick member of the community?
a. Shaman b. Spiritual leader c. Bagani d. Baylan

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