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Types of Volcanoes

The document discusses different types of volcanoes found around the world. It provides details on 24 active volcanoes currently located in the Philippines as of January 2020, including Taal Volcano which recently erupted. It then defines various parts of volcanoes and classifies volcanoes into types such as cinder cones, composite volcanoes, shield volcanoes, volcanic domes, supervolcanoes, submarine volcanoes, and subglacial volcanoes. Examples are given for each type along with their distinguishing characteristics.

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Jerrald Meyer L. Bayani
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74 views

Types of Volcanoes

The document discusses different types of volcanoes found around the world. It provides details on 24 active volcanoes currently located in the Philippines as of January 2020, including Taal Volcano which recently erupted. It then defines various parts of volcanoes and classifies volcanoes into types such as cinder cones, composite volcanoes, shield volcanoes, volcanic domes, supervolcanoes, submarine volcanoes, and subglacial volcanoes. Examples are given for each type along with their distinguishing characteristics.

Uploaded by

Jerrald Meyer L. Bayani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mt.

Kilimanjaro Cerro Negro

Mauna Loa Mt. Mayon


Unzen
Tonga Island
Dome
Active Volcanoes
Dormant Volcanoes
Extinct Volcanoes
As of January 2020, there were 24 active volcanoes in
the Philippines. The Taal volcano is the most recent
volcano that erupted on January 12, 2020, located in
the province of Batangas. The caldera-type volcano is
filled by a lake with a depth of 160 meters.

https://www.statista.com/statistics/1092532/philippines-active-volcanoes-based-
on-geographic-
coordinates/#:~:text=Active%20volcanoes%20in%20the%20Philippines%202020%2
C%20based%20on%20geographic%20coordinates&text=As%20of%20January%202
020%2C%20there,in%20the%20province%20of%20Batangas.
Mayon Volcano
Taal Volcano
Mt. Pinatubo
Mount Butay

• Extinct volcanoes of Camiguin Island


• Stratovolcano
Mount Guinsiliban

• Extinct volcanoes of Camiguin Island


• Stratovolcano
Ø Geologists believe that the
number of volcanoes in the world
could be MILLIONS, ever since
the world started.
Ø 1,500 active volcanoes from the
past 10,000 years
Ø About 50-60 of active
volcanoes have erupted at least
once yearly and at least 20
erupting at any time.
Ø Volcanoes are classified
according to:
 shape of the volcano
 materials they are built of
 the way the volcano erupts
Basic parts
1. Sill – a flat piece of rock
formed when magma
hardens in a crack in a
volcano
2. Dyke – fractures or cracks
into which magma might
erupt
Basic parts
3. Flank– side of a volcano
4. Crater – mouth of a volcano
5. Vent – an opening of the
earth surface through which
volcanic materials escape.
Basic parts
6. Conduit – an underground
passage magma travels
through
7. Throat – entrance of a
volcano and part of conduit
that ejects lava and volcanic
ash
Basic parts
7. Summit – highest point;
apex
8. Ash – fragments of lava or
rock
9. Ash cloud – a cloud of ash
formed by volcanic explosions
Basic parts
10. Magma chamber –
underground space, a
reservoir of magma in
the earth’s crust where
magma mat reside
temporarily.
Types of Volcanoes
1. Cinder Cones
2. Composite Volcanoes
3. Shield Volcanoes
4. Volcanic Dome
5. Supervolcanoes
6. Submarine Volcanoes
7. Subglacial Volcano
Types of Volcanoes
1. Cinder Cones
- also known as scoria
cone
- simplest type of
volcano
- steep conical hill
formed above the
vent
Cerro
Negro
Cinder Cones
- usually composed of
basalt
-built of particles and
blobs of gas
charges lava
ejected

Cerro
Negro
Cinder Cones

 rarely exceeds to
250 m in height to
500 m in diamete
Cerro
Negro
2. Composite Cones
 - also known as
stratovolcano
 - alternating layers
of pyroclastic
materials (acidic Mt. Mayon
and with high silica
content) and
solidified lava flows.
2. Composite Cones
 larger than a cinder cones and
shield volcanoes.

Mt. Mayon
3. Shield Volcanoes
 it is usually broad,
gently sloping
landform
 eruptions of this type
are relatively non-
violent and less
viscous and basalt
lava ejected from the
vent
Mauna Loa
4. Volcanic Domes
 also known as lava
dome
 rounded, steep-
sided mound
 composed of dacite
or rhyolite
 its lava is too
Unzen
viscous
Dome
4. Volcanic Domes
 non-explosive
eruptions of lava
 life-threatening
volcanic glass
Unzen (obsidian) is
Dome ejected
5. Supervolcanoes
 produces the largest eruptions on
Earth
 with a magnitude of 8 on the
Volcano Explosivity Index (VEI)
*Volcano Explosivity Index (VEI)
- was created by Christopher G.
Newhall and Stephen Self in
1982
Yellowstone Volcano
Long Valley Caldera
6. Submarine Volcano
 - created when
magma erupts in
the underwater
 can eject basaltic
Tonga Island
magma and the
lava formed is
known as pillow
lava
7. Subglacial Volcano
 also known as glaciovolcano
 - created by eruptions beneath
the surface of the glacier or
sheets
 often cause jokulhlaups or
great of floods of water
Mount Erebus

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