Scribd
Upload
37 views18 pages

Lesson 3 Motion

The document summarizes different types and concepts of motion including: 1. Kinematics deals with describing motion without forces, while dynamics includes forces affecting motion. 2. Rectilinear motion is motion along a straight line. Velocity is change in displacement over time, and acceleration is change in velocity over time. 3. There are three types of rectilinear motion - uniform, accelerated, and uniformly accelerated characterized by whether velocity and acceleration are constant or changing. Equations for displacement, velocity, and acceleration in uniformly accelerated motion are provided.

Uploaded by

Rigel Yambao
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
37 views18 pages

Lesson 3 Motion

The document summarizes different types and concepts of motion including: 1. Kinematics deals with describing motion without forces, while dynamics includes forces affecting motion. 2. Rectilinear motion is motion along a straight line. Velocity is change in displacement over time, and acceleration is change in velocity over time. 3. There are three types of rectilinear motion - uniform, accelerated, and uniformly accelerated characterized by whether velocity and acceleration are constant or changing. Equations for displacement, velocity, and acceleration in uniformly accelerated motion are provided.

Uploaded by

Rigel Yambao
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

MOTION

LESSON 3
Two Main Branches of Mechanics
Kinematics – deals with a
description of motion only, without
involving the factors which tend to
cause changes in the motion of
bodies.
Dynamics – includes a study of
factors, like forces and physical
properties of the bodies, which
affect the motion of these bodies.
 Motion – a continuous process of which
the body undergoes change in position or
place with respect to a reference point.
 Rectilinear motion - the motion of bodies,
or the kinematics of particles, moving
along a straight line.
 Acceleration – the change of velocity per
unit time.

𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 =
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 =
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
❑ Motiondenotes the change of position of
a body with respect to some point or
reference point.
 Interpret: 60 𝑘𝑚Τℎ𝑟
A body covers a distance of 60 km in one
hour.
 If𝑠റ = 120𝑘𝑚; 𝑡 = 2ℎ𝑟𝑠
 𝑣𝑎 = 60 𝑘𝑚Τℎ𝑟
𝑠റ
 𝑣𝑎 = average velocity
𝑡
 From Iloilo to Roxas, does the bus travel
60 𝑘𝑚Τℎ𝑟 ?
 𝑣റ𝑖 = 70 𝑘𝑚Τℎ𝑟 initial velocity (1st hour)
 𝑣റ𝑓 = 50 𝑘𝑚Τℎ𝑟 final velocity (2nd hour)
𝑣𝑖 +𝑣𝑓
𝑣റ𝑎 = instantaneous velocity
2

70𝑘𝑚ൗℎ𝑟+50𝑘𝑚ൗℎ𝑟 120𝑘𝑚ൗℎ𝑟
𝑣റ𝑎 = =
2 2
= 60 𝑘𝑚Τℎ𝑟
Three ways which velocity may change:

1. The magnitude alone of the velocity may


change, with the direction remaining the
same.
2. The direction alone may change, with the
magnitude remaining the same.
3. Both magnitude and direction change.
 When the velocity changes, the motion is
accelerated motion.
Types of Rectilinear Motion
1. Uniform Motion

𝒔 4m 4m 4m 4m

𝑡 1s 1s 1s 1s

𝒗 𝟒 𝒎Τ𝒔 𝟒 𝒎Τ𝒔 𝟒 𝒎Τ𝒔 𝟒 𝒎Τ𝒔

𝒗 = 𝒌 (uniform)
2. Accelerated Motion

𝒔 2m 6m 4m 5m

𝑡 1s 1s 1s 1s

𝒗 𝟐 𝒎Τ𝒔 𝟔 𝒎Τ𝒔 𝟒 𝒎Τ𝒔 𝟓 𝒎Τ𝒔

𝒂 𝟒 𝒎ൗ 𝟐 −𝟐 𝒎ൗ 𝟐 𝟏 𝒎ൗ 𝟐
𝒔 𝒔 𝒔

𝒗≠𝐤 𝒂≠𝒌
Observations:
1. Velocity is not constant (changing
– increases or decreases).
2. Acceleration is not constant – it
changes, when velocity is
increased there is a lapse of time).
3. If velocity increases, acceleration
is positive.
4. If velocity decreases, acceleration
is negative (decelerate).
3. Uniformly Accelerated Motion
𝒔 2m 4m 6m 8m

𝑡 1s 1s 1s 1s

𝒗 𝟐 𝒎Τ𝒔 𝟒 𝒎Τ𝒔 𝟔 𝒎Τ𝒔 𝟖 𝒎Τ𝒔

𝒂 𝟐 𝒎ൗ 𝟐 𝟐 𝒎ൗ 𝟐 𝟐 𝒎ൗ 𝟐
𝒔 𝒔 𝒔

𝒗≠𝒌 𝒂=𝒌
Equations for Uniformly
Accelerated Motion
𝑣റ𝑓 = 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑎𝑡
𝑎𝑡 2
𝑆 = 𝑣𝑖 𝑡 +
2
2𝑎𝑆 = 𝑣𝑓 2 − 𝑣𝑖 2 𝑣𝑓 − 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦
𝑣𝑖 − 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦
𝑎 − 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑠 − 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑡 − 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
Note:
 If velocity increases, acceleration is
positive.
 If velocity decreases, acceleration
is negative.
 If the body starts from rest, initial
velocity is zero.
 If the body in motion suddenly
stops, final velocity is zero.
Sample Problems
1. A jeep starting from rest
accelerates at the rate of 4 m/s2.
a. What is its velocity after 6 sec?
b. What distance does it travel after
this time?
c. What distance does it travel during
the 6th sec?
Solution

1. Given: 𝑣𝑖 = 0; 𝑎 = 4 𝑚Τ𝑠 2
a. 𝑣𝑓 = 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑎𝑡 S6

𝑣𝑓 = 0 + 4 𝑚Τ𝑠 2 (6𝑠) 5 sec 6 sec


𝒗𝒇 = 𝟐𝟒 𝒎Τ𝒔
𝑎𝑡 2 S5
b. 𝑆= 𝑣𝑖 𝑡 +
2
4𝑚Τ𝑠 2 (36𝑠 2 )
S during the 6th
𝑆= 0+ sec
2
S = 𝟕𝟐𝒎
c. 𝑆 𝑑𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 6𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 = 𝑆6 − 𝑆5
4𝑚Τ𝑠 2 (25𝑠 2 )
= 72𝑚 − 0 +
2
= 72𝑚 − 50𝑚
= 𝟐𝟐𝒎
2. A car, starting from rest, attains a
velocity of 70 km/hr after 7 sec.
a. What is its acceleration?
b. What is its velocity after 5 sec?
c. What distance does it travel after 3
second and during the 3rd second?
2. Given: 𝑣𝑖 = 0
1000𝑚
70𝑘𝑚𝑥 70,000𝑚
𝑣𝑓 = 70 𝑘𝑚൘ℎ𝑟 = 1𝑘𝑚 =
3600 𝑠 3,600 𝑠
1ℎ𝑟𝑥
1 ℎ𝑟
= 19.44 𝑚Τ𝑠
𝑡 = 7𝑠𝑒𝑐

a. 𝑣𝑓 = 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑎𝑡

19.44 𝑚Τ𝑠 = 0 + 𝑎(7𝑠)

19.44 𝑚Τ𝑠
𝑎=
7𝑠
𝑎 = 2.78 𝑚Τ𝑠 2
3. A jeepney traveling at the rate of
80 km/hr stops after 6 second.
a. What is its acceleration?
b. What is its velocity after 4
second?
c. What distance does it travel after
4 sec?
d. What distance does it travel
before it finally stops?

You might also like