Study of rate of evaporation of

different liquids
Thisproject would not have been possible without
the kind support and help of many individuals.I
wouldlike to thank ourprincipal,Mr.M.Pradeesh
Kumarforhis pricelessmotivation. I would also
like to thank our subject teacher; Mrs.Anita and
Mrs.Raghendu whose valuable guidance helped
me patch thisproject. Iwould like to thank my
parentsfortheirheartfelt support and
encouragement. My thanks to my fellow
classmatesin developing the project.

Rate of Evaporation of Different Liquids

Objective of Project
In this project,weshall investigate various
factors such as nature of liquid,surface of
liquid and temperature and find their
correlationwiththerate of evaporation
of different liquids.
THEORY
Factorsinfluencing rate
ofEvaporation:-
1. Concentration of the substance
evaporating in the air.
If the airalready has a high concentrationof
the substance evaporating, then the
givensubstance will evaporate more slowly.

2. Concentration of othersubstancesin the air.

If the airisalready saturated withother

substances,it can have a lowercapacity forth
substance evaporating.

3. Temperature of the substance.

If thesubstance ishotter, thenevaporation
will befaster.

4. Flow rate of air.

This isin part related to the concentration

pointsabove. If fresh airmoves over the
substance all thetime,then the concentration
of thesubstance in the airis less likely to go up
with time, thus encouraging faster
evaporation. In addition,molecules inmotion
have more energy than those at rest, and so the
strongertheflow of air, the greaterthe
evaporating powerof the airmolecules.

5. Inter-molecularforces.

Thestrongerthe forces keeping the

molecules togetherintheliquid orsolid state
the moreenergy that must beinput in orderto
evaporate them.

6. Surface area and temperature.

Therate of evaporationof liquids varies

directlywithtemperature. With the increase in
the temperature, fraction of moleculeshaving
sufficient kinetic energytoescape out from
the surface alsoincreases. Thus with the
increasein temperature rate of evaporation
also increases. Molecules that escapethe
surface of the liquids constitute the
evaporation.Thereforelargersurfacearea
contributes accelerating evaporation.

7. Nature of Liquids
Themagnitude of inter-molecular forces of
attractionin liquid determinesthespeed of
evaporation. Weakerthe inter-molecular
forces of attraction largeraretheextent of
evaporation.

8. Density
Thehigherthe density,the slowera liquid
evaporates.
9. Pressure

In an area of less pressure, evaporation

happens fasterbecausethere is less exertion
on the surface keeping the moleculesfrom
launching themselves.

MATERIALS REQUIRED

APPARATUS:

Three petridishes of diameter10 cm with

covers.
10 ml pipette.
Stop watch.
CHEMICALS:

Acetone
Benzene
Chloroform
 Fig 0.1: Petridish used for experiment

Experiment no. 1
Aim:
To compare the rates of evaporation of
acetone,benzene and chloroform.

Requirement:
Three same size Petri dishes of diameter 10
cm, 10 ml. pipettes, stop watch, acetone
benzeneand chloroform.

Procedure:
Clean and dry all Petri dishes and
identify them asA,B and C.
Pipette out of 10 ml. acetone in Petri
dish "A" with stopper similarly pipette out
 of 10 ml. of benzene and chloroform in
each of Petri "B" and "C".
Remove the cover plates from all Petri
dishes and start thestop watch.
Let the Petri dishes remain exposed for
10 minute. Now cover each of the petridish
and note the volume of remaining material
inthem.

Observation:
Time: 10 min = 600 Sec.

Liquid
Petri Volume
Taken Vol. Evap. Rate(V/T)
dishes remaining
(V1) V=V1– V2 ml./s
Marked (V2)ml.
ml.
8/600=0.01
A 10 2 8
33
7/600=0.01
B 10 3 7
16
 6/600=0.01
C 10 4 6
0

Results:
Rate of evaporation of Acetone is 0.0133 ml/s.
Rate of evaporation of Benzeneis 0.0166 ml/s.
Rate of evaporation of Chloroform is 0.010
ml/s.

Conclusion:
The intermolecular forces of acetone,
benzeneand chloroform are inorder.
Chloroform > Benzene > Acetone.
Fig1.1 Intermolecular forces
Experiment no. 2
Aim:
To study the effect of surface area on the rate
of evaporationof diethyl ether.

Requirement:
Three petri dishes of diameter2.5 cm,5cm, 7.5
cm with cover, 10 ml of pipetteand stop watch.

Procedure:
Clean and dry all petridishes and mark
them as A,B and C.
Pipette out 10 ml of diethyl ether in each of
the petridish A, B and C and cover them
immediately.
Uncover all the 3 petridish and start the
stopwatch.
 Note the remaining volume after 10
minutes.

Observation:
Time: 10 minutes = 600 seconds.

Petri
Diameter of Volume Taken Remaining Evaporated
dishes
P.T.Ds. (ml.) Vol. (ml.) volume
Marked

A 2.5 10 4 6
B 5.0 10 2 8
C 7.5 10 0 10

Result:
The order of evaporation of acetone in three
petridish are as 7.5 > 5.0 > 2.5.
Conclusion:
Larger the surface area, greater the
evaporation.
Fig 2.1 Different petridishes with different surface
areas.
Experiment 3
Aim:
To study the effect of temperature on rate of
evaporationof acetone.

Requirement:
Two petridish of 5 cm diameter,stop watch,10
ml pipette, thermometer,thermostat.

Procedure:

Wash, clean, dry the petridish and mark

them as A,B
Pipette out 10 ml of acetone in each of the
petridish and cover them.
 Put one at room temperature and heat the
other.
Note the reading.

Observation:

Timetaken10 minutes =600 seconds.

Petri Evaporated
Time Temperature Volume Taken
dishes volume(ml.
(Sec.) (0C) (ml.)
Marked )
A 10 30 10 10
B 20 40 10 10

Result:
Evaporation during heating is greater than
evaporationat room temperature.
Conclusion:
Evaporation increases with increase in
temperature.
Fig 3.1: Heating a petridish.
CONCLUSION

Rate of evaporation of the giventhree liquids is

inthe order:
Chloroform=0.0133 ml./s
Benzene=0.0116ml./s
Acetone=0.010ml./s
Chloroform > Benzene > Acetone

The intermolecular forces of acetone,

benzeneand chloroform are inorder.
Chloroform > Benzene > Acetone.
Larger the surface area, greater the
evaporation.
 Evaporation increases with increase in
temperature.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

WWW.WIKIPEDIA.ORG
WWW.CHEMWORLD.COM
WWW.QUORA.COM
WWW.ICBSE.COM