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Exp-7 111

This document describes an experiment analyzing a single phase half wave controlled rectifier with an RL load without a flyback diode. The aim is to control the output current by varying the firing angle of the SCR. The average output voltage and current equations are provided, showing that they decrease with increasing firing angle. The circuit diagram and operation are explained, noting that the SCR only conducts during the positive half cycle when the gate receives enough current. Procedures to set up the circuit and take readings are outlined.

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Dave Pooja Dilipkumar
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37 views

Exp-7 111

This document describes an experiment analyzing a single phase half wave controlled rectifier with an RL load without a flyback diode. The aim is to control the output current by varying the firing angle of the SCR. The average output voltage and current equations are provided, showing that they decrease with increasing firing angle. The circuit diagram and operation are explained, noting that the SCR only conducts during the positive half cycle when the gate receives enough current. Procedures to set up the circuit and take readings are outlined.

Uploaded by

Dave Pooja Dilipkumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXPERIMENT NO.

AIM: Analyze Single phase Half Wave controlled rectifier with “RL” load without FWD.

APPARATUS: HWR Trainer Kit, C.R.O., AC Power Supply(0-230V), Probes.

THEORY:

SCRs are very useful in ac circuits where they may serve as rectifiers whose output
current can be controlled by controlling the gate current. An example of this type of
application is the use of SCRs to operate and control dc motors or dc load from an ac
supply. The circuit using an SCR as a half-wave rectifier is shown in figure. The ac supply
to be rectified is applied to the primary of the transformer ensuring that the negative
voltage appearing at the secondary of the transformer is less than reverse breakdown
voltage of the SCR. The load resistance RL is connected in series with anode. A variable
resistance r is inserted in the gate circuit for control of gate current.

If the angle at which the SCR starts conducting (i.e. firing angle) is a, the
conduction will take place for (𝜋 – α) radians.

The average output from such a half-wave rectifier connected to a secondary


voltage of

v= Vmax sin θ is given by an expression

Average output voltage, Vav = VMAX/2𝜋 (1 + cos α)

Average current, Iav = VMAX/2𝛑RL (1 + cos α)

Thus, the desired value of average current, I av can be obtained by varying firing
angle α.

Iav = VMAX/πRL when α = 0

Iav = VMAX/2πRL when α = π/2

That is average current decreases with the increase in value of firing angle α.

The worth noting point is that in an ordinary half-wave rectifier using a P-N diode,
conduction current flows during the whole of the positive cycle whereas in SCR half-wave
rectifier the current can be made to flow during the part or full of the positive half cycle
by adjustment of gate current. Hence SCR operates as a controlled rectifier and hence
the name silicon-controlled rectifier. The output voltage from the SCR rectifier is not a

4EL02: POWER ELECTRONICS LAB PAGE No.


purely dc voltage but also consists of some ac components, called the ripples, along it. The
ripple components are undesirable and need to be removed or filtered out. This is
accomplished by placing a filter circuit between the rectifier and load, as shown in
figures.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM AND WAVEFORMS:

OPERATION:

During the negative half cycles of ac voltage appearing across the secondary, the SCR does
not conduct regardless of the gate voltage, because anode is negative with respect to
cathode and also peak inverse voltage is less than the reverse breakdown -
voltage. The SCR will conduct during the positive half cycles provided appropriate gate
current is made to flow. The gate current can be varied with the help of variable

4EL02: POWER ELECTRONICS LAB PAGE No.


resistance r inserted in the gate circuit for this purpose. The greater the gate current, the
lesser will be the supply voltage at which SCR will start conducting.

Assume that gate current is such that SCR starts conducting at a positive voltage V, being
less than peak value of ac voltage, Vmax. From fig. b, it is clear that SCR will start
conducting, as soon as the secondary ac voltage becomes V in the positive half cycle, and
will continue conducting till ac voltage becomes zero when it will turn-off. Again, in next
positive half cycle, SCR will start conducting when ac secondary voltage becomes V volts.

PROCEDURE:

1. Connect the circuit as shown in figure and the parts of the circuit i.e. R-L load
without F.W.D.
2. Switch on the power supply.
3. Observe waveform on C.R.O. without FWD and measure the readings.
4. Now Observe the table for reading of any load voltage and firing angle for each
case.

CONCLUSION:

Quiz:
1. Derive the average voltage and current equation for HWCR with RL load

2. Define Firing angle and Extinction angle.

4EL02: POWER ELECTRONICS LAB PAGE No.


3. Difference in one quadrant and two quadrant converters.

4. If the half-wave-controlled rectifier has a purely resistive load of R and the delay angle
is a = π/4. Determine: (a) Rectification efficiency (b) Form factor (c) Ripple factor
(d) Transformer utilization factor (e) Peak inverse voltage for SCR T1.

4EL02: POWER ELECTRONICS LAB PAGE No.

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