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PROPIEDADES ARITMÉTICAS LEYES DE EXPONENTES FACTORIAL Y NÚMERO COMBINATORIO

ASOCIATIVA 𝑎(𝑏𝑐) = (𝑎𝑏)𝑐 𝑛! = 1 × 2 × 3 × 4 × ⋯ × (𝑛 − 1) × 𝑛 ; 𝑛 ∈ ℕ; 𝑛 > 1
CONMUTATIVA 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 𝑏 + 𝑎 𝑦 𝑎𝑏 = 𝑏𝑎 1! = 1 0! = 1
DISTRIBUTIVA 𝑎(𝑏 + 𝑐) = 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑎𝑐 𝑛 𝑛!
𝐶𝑘𝑛 = ( ) =
𝑘 (𝑛 − 𝑘)! 𝑘!
LEY DE SIGNOS
1 𝐶0𝑛 = 1 𝐶1𝑛 = 𝑛 𝐶𝑛𝑛 = 1
MULTIPLICACIÓN DIVISIÓN 𝑎0 = 1; 𝑎 ≠ 0 𝑎−𝑚 = ; 𝑎≠0
(+) × (+) = (+) (+) ÷ (+) = (+) 𝑎𝑚 NÚMEROS COMPLEJOS
𝑚
(−) × (−) = (+) (−) ÷ (−) = (+) 𝑎
𝑎𝑚 ⋅ 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚+𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚−𝑛 𝑖 = √−1 𝑖 2 = −1 𝑖 3 = −𝑖 𝑖4 = 1
(+) × (−) = (−) (+) ÷ (−) = (−) 𝑎𝑛
𝑚 𝑛
(𝑎 ) = 𝑎 𝑚⋅𝑛 =𝑎 𝑛⋅𝑚 𝑛
= (𝑎 )𝑚
𝑚 𝑛 √−𝑎 = 𝑖 √𝑎, 𝑎 ≥ 0
(−) × (+) = (−) (−) ÷ (+) = (−) 𝑎 𝑛 = √𝑎𝑚 (𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖) + (𝑐 + 𝑑𝑖) = 𝑎 + 𝑐 + (𝑏 + 𝑑)𝑖
𝑚 𝑛 𝑝 𝑥 𝑚𝑥
(𝑎 ⋅ 𝑏 ⋅ 𝑐 ) = 𝑎 ⋅ 𝑏 ⋅ 𝑐 𝑛𝑥 𝑝𝑥
EJEMPLOS DE OPERACIONES ARITMÉTICAS 𝑥
(𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖) − (𝑐 + 𝑑𝑖) = 𝑎 − 𝑐 + (𝑏 − 𝑑)𝑖
𝑎𝑚 𝑎𝑚⋅𝑥 𝑎 −𝑚 𝑏 𝑚 (𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖)(𝑐 + 𝑑𝑖) = 𝑎𝑐 − 𝑏𝑑 + (𝑎𝑑 + 𝑏𝑐)𝑖
𝑎 𝑐 𝑎𝑑 − 𝑏𝑐 ( 𝑛 ) = 𝑛⋅𝑥 ( ) =( )
𝑎𝑏 + 𝑎𝑐 = 𝑎(𝑏 + 𝑐) − = 𝑏 𝑏 𝑏 𝑎 (𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖)(𝑎 − 𝑏𝑖) = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2
𝑏 𝑑 𝑏𝑑
|𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖| = √𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
(𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖) = 𝑎 − 𝑏𝑖
𝑏 𝑎𝑏 𝑎−𝑏 𝑏−𝑎 PRODUCTOS NOTABLES
𝑎( ) = = ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
(𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖)(𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖) = |𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖|2
𝑐 𝑐 𝑐−𝑑 𝑑−𝑐 (𝑎 + 𝑏)2 = 𝑎2 + 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2 (𝑎 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑎2 − 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2
(𝑎 + 𝑏)3 = 𝑎3 + 3𝑎2 𝑏 + 3𝑎𝑏 2 + 𝑏 3 1 𝑎 − 𝑏𝑖 𝑎 − 𝑏𝑖
𝑎 = =
( ) 𝑎+𝑏 𝑎 𝑏 (𝑎 + 𝑏)3 = 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 + 3𝑎𝑏(𝑎 + 𝑏) 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖 (𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖)(𝑎 − 𝑏𝑖) 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2
𝑏 = 𝑎 = +
𝑐 𝑏𝑐 𝑐 𝑐 𝑐 (𝑎 − 𝑏)3 = 𝑎3 − 3𝑎2 𝑏 + 3𝑎𝑏 2 − 𝑏 3 VALOR ABSOLUTO
𝑎 𝑎𝑐 (𝑎 − 𝑏)3 = 𝑎3 − 𝑏 3 − 3𝑎𝑏(𝑎 − 𝑏) 𝑎; 𝑠𝑖 𝑎 ≥ 0
= 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑎𝑐 |𝑎| = { |𝑎| = |−𝑎|
𝑏 𝑏 = 𝑏 + 𝑐, 𝑎 ≠ 0 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏) −𝑎; 𝑠𝑖 𝑎 < 0
(𝑐 ) 𝑎 (𝑥 + 𝑎)(𝑥 + 𝑏) = 𝑥 2 + (𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑥 + 𝑎𝑏 |𝑎| ≥ 0 |𝑎𝑏| = |𝑎||𝑏|
𝑎 (𝑎 + 𝑏)2 + (𝑎 − 𝑏)2 = 2(𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 ) 𝑎 |𝑎|
𝑎 𝑐 𝑎𝑑 + 𝑏𝑐 ( ) 𝑎𝑑 | |= |𝑎 + 𝑏| ≤ |𝑎| + |𝑏|
𝑏 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)2 − (𝑎 − 𝑏)2 = 4𝑎𝑏 𝑏 |𝑏|
+ = 𝑐
𝑏 𝑑 𝑏𝑑 ( ) 𝑏𝑐 (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎2 − 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2 ) = 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 PROPIEDADES DE LOS LOGARITMOS
𝑑
(𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑎2 + 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2 ) = 𝑎3 − 𝑏 3
ECUACIÓN CUADRÁTICA (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 + 2𝑎𝑏 + 2𝑏𝑐 + 2𝑎𝑐 𝑆𝑖 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑎 = 𝑥 → 𝑎 = 𝑏 𝑥 ; 𝑎 > 0; 𝑏 > 0; 𝑏 ≠ 1
(𝑎2 + 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2 )(𝑎2 − 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2 ) = 𝑎4 + 𝑎2 𝑏 2 + 𝑎4
−𝑏 ± √𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)3 = 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 + 𝑐 3 + 3(𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 + 𝑐)(𝑏 + 𝑐) 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 𝑎 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 𝑎 = 𝑙𝑛𝑎
𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 → 𝑥 =
2𝑎 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑏 = 1 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 1 = 0
FACTORIZACIÓN
CURSO DE ÁLGEBRA 𝑎 + 2𝑎 𝑏 + 𝑏 = (𝑎𝑚 + 𝑏 𝑛 )2
2𝑚 𝑚 𝑛 2𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 (𝑥 𝑟 ) = 𝑟𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑏 𝑥 = 𝑥
Si quieres aprender un poco más de 𝑎2𝑚 − 2𝑎𝑚 𝑏𝑛 + 𝑏 2𝑛 = (𝑎𝑚 − 𝑏 𝑛 )2
álgebra, dale un vistazo a nuestro 𝑏 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑏 ⋅ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑐 ⋅ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑐 𝑑 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑑
𝑎2𝑚 − 𝑏 2𝑛 = (𝑎𝑚 + 𝑏 𝑛 )(𝑎𝑚 − 𝑏 𝑛 )
curso gratuito en YouTube, con 𝑎3𝑚 + 𝑏 3𝑛 = (𝑎𝑚 + 𝑏 𝑛 )(𝑎2𝑚 − 𝑎𝑚 𝑏 𝑛 + 𝑏 2𝑛 ) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑥
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑥 = = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑎
cientos de ejercicios resueltos. 𝑎3𝑚 − 𝑏 3𝑛 = (𝑎𝑚 − 𝑏 𝑛 )(𝑎2𝑚 + 𝑎𝑚 𝑏 𝑛 + 𝑏 2𝑛 ) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑎 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑥
𝑥
RADICALES 𝑥 2 + (𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑥 + 𝑎𝑏 = (𝑥 + 𝑎)(𝑥 + 𝑏) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 (𝑥𝑦) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑥 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑦 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 ( ) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑥 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑦
𝑦
𝑛 1 𝑎𝑥 2𝑚 + 𝑏𝑥 𝑚 𝑦 𝑛 + 𝑐𝑦 𝑛 = (𝑎1 𝑥 𝑚 + 𝑐1 𝑦 𝑛 )(𝑎2 𝑥 𝑚 + 𝑐2 𝑦 𝑛 )
√𝑎 = 𝑏 ↔ 𝑎 = 𝑏 𝑛 𝑛
√𝑎 = 𝑎𝑛 𝑎1 𝑥 𝑚 𝑐1 𝑦 𝑛 ⇒ 𝑎2 𝑐1 𝑥 𝑚 𝑦 𝑛 1
𝑎2 𝑥 𝑚 𝑐2 𝑦 𝑛 ⇒ 𝑎1 𝑐2 𝑥 𝑚 𝑦 𝑛
(+) 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 ( ) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 (1) − 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑥 = −𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑥
𝑚
𝑥
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
√ 𝑛√𝑎 = 𝑚𝑛
√𝑎 √𝑎𝑏 = √𝑎 ⋅ √𝑏 𝑏𝑥 𝑚 𝑦 𝑛

𝑛 DESIGUALDADES Versión 1.00

𝑛𝑎 √𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑥 √𝑎 𝑥
𝑚

√ =𝑛 √ 𝑦=𝑚 𝑆𝑖 𝑎 < 𝑏 → 𝑎 + 𝑐 < 𝑏 + 𝑐 𝑦 𝑎 − 𝑐 < 𝑏 − 𝑐 Fórmulas: Jorge.

𝑏 √𝑏 𝑏 √𝑏 𝑦 Diseño: Pedro.
𝑆𝑖 𝑎 < 𝑏 𝑦 𝑐 > 0 → 𝑎𝑐 < 𝑏𝑐 𝑦 𝑎/𝑐 < 𝑏/𝑐
𝑛 𝑛
√𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎, 𝑠𝑖 𝑛 𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑟 √𝑎𝑛 = |𝑎|, 𝑠𝑖 𝑛 𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑟 𝑆𝑖 𝑎 < 𝑏 𝑦 𝑐 < 0 → 𝑎𝑐 > 𝑏𝑐 𝑦 𝑎/𝑐 > 𝑏/𝑐

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