Direct vs.

Indirect
Speech
First!

Let us study the ff.

Set of
words.
 3

✘Is-was ✘Play-played
✘Go-went ✘Change-changed
✘Know-knew ✘Enter-entered
✘See-saw ✘Wash-washed
✘Swim-swam ✘Laugh-laughed
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Maritess and the Modules

 5

Jelly: Good morning Mareng Jen!

Jen: Good morning Mareng Jelly!
Jelly: Wow! I guess you’ll be busy tending your
garden. A lot of weeds grew since the last time.
Jen: I suppose so. I haven’t had much time to
look after my plants since I am also looking after
my lad’s modules.
 6

Jen: I think my child really needs much

attention on those especially in Math.
Jelly: I second that. These times really gives
my child a hard time. I just hope Face to face
classes begin before the end of the School
year.
Jen: I see your point but up to now, the best
 7

options we have still relies on the Modules

and other forms.
Jelly: Well, I agree up to a point but I would
really prefer the Face to face if not due to our
current situation.
Jen: Precisely! Perhaps for now we should just
obey protocols.
 8

Jelly: That reminds me, it’s a Monday! I

better get going for the distribution.
Jen: See you then!
 9

Finding real
happiness
Raymond O. Dela Cruz
✘I am confused. I am deeply anxious. I am in a
10

crossroads. Few months from now I’ll be

moving on to Grade 12 with an uncertain,
blurry vision of my image beyond the horizon.
I still don’t know what I want to be and what
course of life I should take. Over the dining
table this evening, mother opened up a topic
which I was not ready to face, yet.
✘1“By now, Mark, I guess you must have
11

chosen the university in Manila where you

gonna get your degree in. Your Dad and I
want you to be a medical doctor....”
I heard nothing else after this. My ears became
filled with a strange sound which, I realized,
was coming from by own heart. The sound
 12

became stronger and alarming that I had to

stand to get a glass of water.
Where do you plan to get the entrance exam,
Mark?”, Dad firmly asked as I put the empty
glass on the sink.
3“Dad, Mom...I suddenly felt dizzy. This must
be the effect of the several nights I went late in
bed for my thesis. Can I go to my room now and 13

perhaps discuss this matter next time?”, I weakly

uttered with an apologetic tone.
So, how’s the night, son?”, Dad inquires as he lifts
his cup of coffee.
5“Great, Dad. It was truly great!”, I enthusiastically
respond. “Hi, Mom. Please, have a seat”, as I offer
her favorite seat.
6“What comes into you, Mark? You are acting 14

strangely, a bit”, Mom remarks. “It seemed to me

that your headache has left you, and I hope its
for good!”, she smiles.
7“I have never felt better in my life than this
morning, Mom...Dad. I didn’t have enough sleep
last night, yet, I feel so light.”
8“Really? Why don’t you give me a cup of coffee15

and tell us more about this strange change in

you”, she jokingly uttered.
I sit at the opposite side of the table so I can
have a good look at them. With so much
excitement like a child who has found a long lost
and forgotten toy, I relate:
✘9“You wanted me to be a doctor of 16

medicine...and I really appreciate that. You

wanted me to be happy and successful just
like you...being in the field of medicine, serving
the people in the most prestigious hospital in
the city. Grandpa would love to see me take
the same path, I know. Grandma would surely
support me all the way”,
✘I pause and take a short sip of coffee. 17
Direct Speech
18

✘Taking the exact words a person said.

✘We put quotation marks around the
words and add a speech tag such as
"he said" or "she asked" before or after
the quote.
✘Ex. “I don’t need a lawyer,” he said.
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Parts of a Direct Speech

The explanatory part
✘explains or tells who says, asks,
commands, or requests.
Quoted part
✘shows the exact words of the
speaker.
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Parts of a Direct Speech

Ex.
✘EP: The teacher says,

✘QP: “The computer has all the

answers to all our questions.”
 21

Parts of a Direct Speech

Ex.
✘EP: The doctor says,

✘QP: “You have a week to live.”

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Reported speech
✘The teacher said that the
computer has all the answers to
all our questions.
✘The doctor said that I only
have a week to live.
Reported Speech
23

✘Stating what someone said in another

manner which usually changes the
form
✘It doesn’t use quotation marks around
the words
✘Ex. He said that he does not need a
lawyer .
 24

Parts of a Direct Speech

Ex.
✘EP: Melvin says…

✘QP: “I _____ my friend.”

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Reported Speech
Ex.
✘EP: Melvin says the he loves his
friend.
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Changing direct to
indirect speech
Observe…
27

✘Father said, “I ✘Father said

like to see the that he liked to
children of the see the
complainant.” children of the
complainant.
Observe…
28

✘“I don’t need ✘He said

said.How?
a lawyer,” he that he
didn’t need
a lawyer.
✘When the sentence is
29

declarative, the quoted

part is turned into a that
clause
 Observe…
30

✘Mr. Florendo ✘Mr. Florendo

says, “The says that the
computer has all computer has all
the answers to all the answers to
our questions.”
all our
questions.
✘When the quoted part is
31

interrogative, it is transformed
according to the following:
 If the quoted part is a tag
question, it is transformed into
an “if-clause” or “whether
clause.”
Observe…
32

✘Sheila asks if she

✘Sheila is your other
girlfriend.
asks, “ Is ✘Sheila asks
she your whether she is
your other
other girlfriend.
 33

If the quoted interrogative

part is any of the WH-
questions, it is transformed
by switching the places of
the subject and the verb.
Observe…
34

✘Tessa
✘Tessa
asked what
asks, “ What my plans
are your are.
plans?”
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Activity
✘ Determine whether the following
sentences are Direct (D) or Reported
(R) speech. Write your answers on the
blank space provided before the
number.
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Activity
The teacher said that the
girls were assigned to
clean this area.

D R
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Activity
Portia asked, "Is there
something wrong?”

D R
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Activity
Elmer said that Aiza’s
mother was there.

D R
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Activity

He said he was going

to the mall.
D R
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Activity
He said, “Today must be
my lucky day.”

D R
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Verbs
 42

✘The verb in the quoted

part should be consistent
in tense with the verb in
the introductory part.
 43

Direct Speech-Present tense

✘A present tense of verb
in the introductory part
calls for a present tense
verb in the quoted part.
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Observe…

✘She says, “I enjoy

computer lessons.”
✘A present tense verb in the
45

introductory part and a present

perfect tense in the quoted part
retains the present tense in the
reported speech.
 46

Reported Speech

✘She says that she

enjoys computer
lessons.
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Direct Speech-Past tense

✘A past tense verb in the
introductory part and a past
present tense verb in the
quoted part retains form in
reported speech.
 48

Direct Speech-
✘Mary said, “We have tried
hard to solve the problem.”
✘

✘Mary says that they have

tried hard to solve the
 49

Direct Speech-Past tense

✘A past tense verb in the
introductory part calls for a present
tense verb in the quoted part needs
a change to past tense in the
quoted.
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Direct Speech-Past tense

✘Jimmy said “the program is
successful.”
✘RS: Jimmy said that the program
was successful
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Direct Speech-Past tense

✘For a past tense in the
introductory part and a present
perfect tense in the quoted part,
change the present perfect tense
into past perfect tense.
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Direct Speech-Past tense

✘Eddie said, “The graduates last year
have already found good paying jobs.”
✘Eddie said that the graduates last
year had already found good paying
jobs.
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Past Tense/Future Tense

✘For past tense in the introductory
part and a future tense in the
quoted part, change the helping
verb will and shall to would and
should respectively.
 54

Observe
✘Donna said, “Ana will study
Astrophysics after Senior High.”
✘Donna said that Ana would study
Astrophysics after Senior High School.
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Observe
✘Kara said, “I shall study law after I
graduate.”
✘Kara said that she should study law
after she graduate.
Past tense/Present tense with May
56

and can
✘For a past tense in the introductory
part and a present tense with can or
may in the quoted part, use could or
might respectively in the reported
speech.
 57

Observe
✘John said, “Without man, the
computer cannot work.”
✘John said that without man,
the computer could not work.
 58

Observe
✘Ana exclaimed, “I may take a
leave next week.”
✘Ana exclaimed that she might
take a leave next week.
 59

Past tense/Universal fact

✘The verb in the quoted part
remains present even if the verb in
the introductory part is past tense
when the quoted part says or asks
for a fact or truth.
 60

Observe
✘Gilbert said, “Money makes
the world go round.”
✘Gilbert said that Money makes
the world go round.
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Observe
✘Chita told us, “Honesty is the
best policy.”
✘Chita told us that Honesty is
the best policy.
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✘ To change from direct to Reported,

the pronoun and tense of the verbs
will also change, but when it
expresses a general truth, do not
change the verb into its past form.
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Imperative sentences
✘If the quoted part is an
imperative sentence, it is
changed into an infinitive
phrase to make a reported
declarative sentence.
 64

Observe
✘Tets told me , “Go to hell!”
✘Tets told me to go to hell.
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Imperative sentences
✘If the quoted part is an
imperative sentence, it is
changed into an infinitive
phrase to make a reported
declarative sentence.
 66

Observe
✘Tets told me , “Go to the
market”
✘Tets told me to go to the
market.
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Evaluation
 68

Answer Independent Activity 2

On your modules for 5 minutes…
 69

His father said, “Please, prepare two cups of

coffee, Ode”.
Reported:
His father asked him _____ two cups of
coffee.
A. Prepares C. prepared
B. to prepare D. has prepared
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“I want black coffee,” he jokingly adds.

Reported:
His father jokingly adds that he ______
black coffee.

A. wanted C. has wanted

B. wants D. would want
“I can still recall how you ran after your mom 71

and rolled on the dirt when you stumbled

because of the wrong pair of slippers you’re
wearing,” his father said.
Reported: His father said that he________how
you ran after his mom and rolled on the dirt
when he stumbled because of the wrong pair of
slippers he is wearing,” his father said.
A.can still recall
72

B.could have recalled

C. has wanted
D. would want
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“What I do remember is the time we had in a park

where you handed me a cotton
candy. That is the oldest picture I have in my
memory, Dad,” Rodel says.
Reported:
Rodel says that what he _________ is the
time they had in a park where his father handed him
a cotton candy.
 74

A.remembers
B.remember
C. remembered
D. has remembered
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“Give me that coffee”, his father asks.

Reported:
His father asks (Rodel) _____ him
the coffee.
A. To give C. gives
B. gave D. has given
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Pronouns
Pronouns
77

Third
First Second ✘Singular: he,
✘Singular: I, ✘Singular: she, it him, her
me ,my, You , your, his, her, hers,
mine yours its
✘Plural: we, ✘Plural: you
✘Plural: they,
us , our, ours your, yours
them their,
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Pronouns
The pronouns in the quoted part are
replaced accordingly:
✘You with I or we if it is used as a
subject.
✘You with me or us if it is used as an
object.
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First Person to 2nd

✘You said , “I ✘He said that
will help he will help
you.” us.
 80

First Person to 2nd

✘Tom asks, ✘Tom asks
“What inspires what inspires
you in your me in my
studies?” studies.
 81

First Person to 2nd

✘Jenna asked, ✘Jenna
“ Why have asked, Why I
you forsaken have
me?” forsaken
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Pronouns
The pronouns in the quoted part are
replaced accordingly:
✘Me with her or him
 83

First Person to 2nd

✘Tom asks, ✘Tom asks
“What inspires what inspires
you in your me in my
studies?” studies.
 84

Back shifting
 Backshifting…
85

✘Reported speech tenses will change

from that of the direct speech in most
cases. This is known as
BACKSHIFTING. In reported speech,
with the basic rules that a tense is
shift-ed back to its past tense form.
 Pointing out
86

✘If you want to convey that the

situation is still true you may keep the
tense the same.
87
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First Person to 2nd

✘“You will be ✘Yes. He told me
late”, he said. I would be late.
✘He also said, “My ✘Yes, he also
members have told me said
completed it.” they completed
it.
 Simpler…
89

✘In Direct speech, always put the

actual words that the speaker
quoted
✘e.g. The pastor says, “We have to
continue to pray.”
 Simpler…
90

✘Always consider the pronoun and

verbs that you will use in
transforming direct speech to reported
speech or vice versa.
✘ Direct Speech: Sofia says, “I enroll in an online class.”
✘ Reported Speech: Sofia said that she enrolled in an
online class.
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If the quoted interrogative

part is any of the WH-
questions, it is transformed
by switching the places of
the subject and the verb.