FEMINIST THEORY

DISCIPLINE AND IDEAS IN SOCIAL

SCIENCES GRADE 11
Second Quarter/Week 3

FAMILA T. MAXIMO
Developer

Department of Education • Schools Division of Benguet

 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Cordillera Administrative Region
Schools Division of Benguet
Wangal, La Trinidad, Benguet

Published by:
Curriculum Implementation Division–
Learning Resource Management Section

COPYRIGHT NOTICE
2020

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 PREFACE
This module is a project of the Curriculum Implementation Division
particularly the Learning Resource Management Section, Department of
Education, Schools Division of Benguet which is in response to the
implementation of the K to 12 Curriculum.
This Learning Material is a property of the Department of Education-
CID, Schools Division of Benguet. It aims to improve students’ performance
specially in understanding the theories of social sciences under the subject
Discipline and Ideas in Social Sciences. This module is designed to fit both
home study and home education that is independent study and face to face
learning-teaching method.

Date of Development : May 2020

Resource Location : Atok District, Benguet
Learning Area : Disciplines and Ideas in the Social
Sciences
Grade Level : 11
Learning Resource Type : Module
Language : English
Quarter/Week : Second Quarter/ week 3
Learning Competency/Code :

 Analyze the concept and principle of Feminist Theory.

 Apply the concept and Principle of Feminist Theory in the

importance in examining socio-cultural economic and political

conditions.
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The developer wishes to express her gratitude to those who help in the
development of this learning material. To Mr. Masto Luacan and Mrs. Ginalyn
Cocoy for incorporating their suggestions for the improvement of this module.
Also, the fulfillment of this learning material would not be possible without these
people who gave their support, help and cooperation
:

DIVISION LRMDS STAFF:

MELVIN L. ALFREDO ANTOINETTE D. SACYANG

Librarian II Project Development Officer II

SONIA D. DUPAGAN
EPS-LRMDS

CONSULTANTS:

ROSE N. ANAPEN
Araling Panlipunan Coordinator

RIZALYN A. GUZNIAN, EdD

Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

NESTOR L. BOLAYO
Public Schools District Supervisor
OIC- Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

BENILDA M. DAYTACA, EdD, CESO VI

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
OIC – Office of the Schools Division Superintendent
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Copyright Notice ii

Preface iii

Acknowledgement iv

Table of Content v

What I Need To Know 1

What I Know 1

What’s In 3

What’s New 4

What Is It 5

What’s More

Activity 1 7

Assessment 1 8

Activity 2 8

Assessment 2 8

Activity 3 9

Assessment 3 9

What I Have Learned 10

What I Can Do 10

Assessment 11

Key Answer 12

References 13
 FEMINIST THEORY
DISCIPLINE AND IDEAS IN SOCIAL
SCIENCES GRADE 11
Second Quarter/ Week 3

FAMILA T. MAXIMO
Developer

Department of Education • Schools Division of Benguet

 What I need to Know

Gender equality and gender ideology might be very confusing especially

when the idea of feminism is very diverse and also cultural in nature. Are these two
ideas interrelated?

This module aims to present feminist theory and the different views or ideol-
ogy regarding the topic on Feminism. It will further focus on differentiating gender
equality and gender ideology by classifying the different themes of struggles related
to feminism. Also, the students will be doing different activities that will help them
realize issues related to inequality and will be able to see if there are gender ideolo-
gy or gender inequality that is being practiced in their community.

Instructions to the facilitator

As a facilitator or a support knowledge source of a learner, you are encour-
aged and expected to do the following:
• Establish rapport relationship with learners to gain trust and confidence,
• Guide the learners understand the concepts, skills, processes given,
• Assist or coach the learners accomplish the required activities,
• Help the learners develop his academic potentials to able to cope and
• Acquire the essential competencies and to manifest skills prescribed in the K to
12 curriculum and the 21st Century skills,
To maintain and record progress of the learners.

Instructions to the learner

As a learner, you are expected to do the following roles:

• Abide, respect and maintain good relationship with your learning facilitator at all
times,
• Be in constant contact wsith your facilitator or teacher for assistance in any con-
cept unclear to you,
• Be honest in answering the activities, and following the prescribed home learn-
ing schedules and learning plans,
• Do your full potentials or best abilities in accomplishing the required activities,
• Read each direction/instruction carefully,
• Answer the pre assessment first before doing the other activities, U
• Use other sheets of papers in writing your answers in all the required activities
that you will do,
• Take care of the module. Do not tear or dirty any part of the module,
• Return your module to your teacher.
Having all done the activities in this module you are expected to:
1. Understand the evolution of feminist theory and how it has shaped the views
on the gender and sex.
2. Aware of the gender discrimination not only in the community but also
around the world.

What I Know

Before starting with the discussion on feminism theory, let’s try to recall
what we can remember about this topic.

A. Direction: Identify which terms/views about feminism is being referred to by

the following statements.
________________1. Refers to the views regarding the role, responsibilities of
men and women in the society.
_________________2. Biological differences between male and female such as
the genitalia and genetic difference.
_________________3. Refers to the preferred role of male and female in society
regardless of his/her biological identity as male and female.
_________________4. It says that it is necessary for women to be submissive to
maintain capitalism.
_________________5.It supports the liberal idea of participation in the matters
concerning the community.
_________________6. It’s a view towards feminism which supports the
advocacy on Crime Against Women.
_________________7. It views that feminist should rise against patriarch’s
supremacy.
_________________8. It pertains to equal opportunities and right between men
and women.
B. Direction : Write True if the statement is correct and False if it is wrong .
__________1. Gender equality also means men and women are doing the same
amount of job.
__________2. There is a gender bias in a patriarchal form of society.
__________3. Liberal Feminism tolerates the set up in a family where the
husband should work and the wife must stay home to do household chores.
__________4. Radical Feminism opposes Marxist feminism because one of the
radical feminism’s agenda is oppression to preserve capitalism.
__________5. Women liberation movement only focused on fighting women’s
participation to vote.
__________6. The goal of women’s liberation movement is merely on women.
__________7. Gender equality could be equated to Gender ideology.
 What’s In

Feminism Theory as an approach in Social Sciences may differ with that of

institutionalism. To be able to compare and relate to the discussion on Feminism
Theory, let’s recall the principle of institutionalism by answering the following:
A. Direction: Classify whether the following example is a formal or non-formal insti-
tution. Write your answer in a table.
- Aduyunan - Historian Society Club - Ibaloy Tribe
- Conferencing - family - Caliking Cooperative

Formal Institution Informal Institution

Ex. Aduyunan

B. Direction: Complete the sentences below with the correct word/s.

1. Institutional Theory is a social science theory which considers a process by
which norms, practices, constitutional law, right, customary laws, structure,
schemas and routine becomes guidelines to _____ ______.
2. Institutionalism is a process of ____ regulations, norms, schemas rules within a
_____ _____ or a society that regulates ______ interaction.
3. Formal institutions are formally established institutions by a _____ _____.
4. Informal Institutions are non-formally established institutions whose practices
are widely accepted in a ______.
5. New Institutionalism is both concerned with _____ convention of political life
and _____ constitutional and organizational structure.
 What’s New

Read and understand the following phrases. Answer the questions below.

The feminism
are taking
over

A violent free
family is a vio-
lent free nation

Questions:
1. What do you think are the phrases about?
2. Which among the phrases do you find appealing? Why?
3. Which among the phrases do you think is not timely?
4. Which do you think is timely? Why?

What is it

Feminist Theory - This theory looks into how gender system works. It weighs
whether a certain behavior or social behavior toward men and women in a commu-
nity is fair considering the current normative and ethical values.
unlike other approach or ideologies, this theory originated from different
criticism, movements and views reflecting the diversity of men and women
around the world.
Gender Ideology– views regarding the rights, roles and duties of men
and women in the society. It describes the similarities and differences of the
views on man, woman and alternative gender identity.
Gender Role Ideology— the ideal role set to man and woman brought great
impact to choices of work, how to behave as parent and as husband or wife. It
could be classified as:
Traditional –it differentiate the role of man and woman. Men are usually
expected to provide for the family and women are to stay home, take care of
the children and do the household chores.
Transitional –is between Traditional and egalitarian. It still accepts some
of the traditional views regarding gender role but are open the egalitarian idea. A
mother who chooses to work will still have to do identified work for women at
home like doing the laundry etc.
Egalitarian - perceives that role should not be divided by gender. Exam-
ple, father and the mother both working and shares responsibility at home. Man
may do what the female use to do like do the laundry or the mother may do paint-
ing and so on.
Gender Equality – defined as the equal rights and opportunities for both men
and women in the society. It doesn’t pertain to men and women being the
same but allowing equal access to opportunities. Such as decision making at
home as well as in society.
Historical Background
Radical movements and women liberation movement in the late 1960-
1970 awakened awareness in fighting rights particularly among the marginalized

Women Protest
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/152489137353833039/
groups in the society. Inspired by the goals of women liberation movement, fight
regarding the rights of man and women are among the major themes of placards
on the street not only in the U.S but around the world.
Different demonstrations in the fight for equality and rights of men and
women continued to shape the political landscape of every nation. In the
Philippines, it was a break through when the ratification of the commonwealth
government through a plebiscite was participated by nearly half a million wom-
en. In the U.S., the Bill of Women’s Right paved way to the recognition of women
not only her domestic importance but her economic potential. The Bill provided
six measures to ensure women’s equality. These measures include law against
employment discrimination, maternity leave, rights, tax deduction , unsegregated
education, equal job opportunities and having child care centers to enable others
to work. This different agenda of Feminism Theory is just a proof that there is no
single agenda under this theory.
In a conservative country like Philippines, women are already working in
road constructions. Their work is not limited to raising the stop and go flag. They
participate in carrying stones or in manually mixing cement. This clearly indicates
that our society no longer holds the idea of gender inequality.
Three Strands of Feminism
Feminist theory is hardly defined as there are varied arguments or views
that sprang in relation to it. Among these ideas are the following:
Liberal Feminism– Asserts the liberal idea regarding the participation in the
decision making which may involve political, economic and social aspect.
It supports the participation of women in the labour market and that they
should be competitive to gain economic and social rewards.
As to the role of man and woman at home, liberal feminism sup
ports the idea that whatever happens at home is a private matter and that
it should be negotiated between husband and wife. It throws the idea of
women’s domesticity.
Marxist Feminism– As oppose to liberal feminism, Marxist views women’s
subordination and oppression are necessary for the development of capi-
talism. It says that with capitalism, the idea of feminism, equality and
empowerment for women cannot be achieved.
Radical Feminism– It focuses on the feminists agenda. This strand of feminism
views that feminism has to rise against patriarch supremacy in context of
abuses, domestic violence or rape.
*Lesbian Feminism—a movement started in the west which pushes an alterna-
tive view of gender and power. It hopes to change the idea of hetero-
sexuality and male supremacy.
 What’s More

ACTIVITY 1: Guessing the Cause of Feminist Cries

Read the following cries/phrases which convey social inequality,

social discrimination or social views regarding sexism.

Women are country’s fate. Let

Women’s Right are Human
them be great.
Rights

Now, How about equal Men of quality

pay!!! don’t fear equality!

Say no to violence
against women. God is a Woman.

Men don’t protect you

End toxic masculinity anymore !!
End rape Culture

There is no force more

powerful than a woman
determined.

Without hormone Harry would have died in Book 1

ASSESSMENT 1
Direction: Line up all the phrases in activity 1 and analyze them using the
table below. What traditional gender ideology (if there is) could have been
the reason for such cry, shout, demand or discuss why such cry needs to
brought out the street.

Phrase Discussions
Ex. Men don’t protect you anymore. This may have raised from the thought that women have
to be protected by men. Or it could also be because men’s
treatment to women are getting worst.

ACTIVITY 2: Making Ordinances to Address Gender Discrimination.

Direction: Research for more cries related to feminism. (If you do not have
internet, you may look into old papers covering issues related to feminism
or even interview someone who is an advocate).

ASSESSMENT 2
Direction: List all the traditional gender roles, cries or phrases related to
feminism that you have collected. Select the ones that you think need the
intervention of policy makers. Then, create a policy covering all the prob-
lems that you think should be corrected. (you may refer to the sample of
ordinances posted in your barangay but make it simple)

7 5 3 1
Quality The policy is orig- The policy may The Policy is The policy mostly
inal and it con- have adapted few adapted its regula- adapted its regula-
tains regulations of its regulation tions and some are tion and most of
appropriate to from an existing not appropriate to them are not relat-
solve the identi- regulation but still the problem being ed to the identified
fied problems appropriate to solved. problems.
solve the identi-
fied problems.
Technicali- The policy ob- Few pointers in mak- It didn’t follow the
ties served all the ing policy were technical frame-
technicalities in missed. work in making a
writing a policy policy.
Grammar It may have few ty- Sentences con-
pos and grammatical struction and gram-
errors but it didn’t matical errors com-
fully compromised promised to the
the thought of the thought of the sen-
sentences. tences.
ACTIVITY 3: Be Gender Advocate
Direction: Read the following facts:
Gender discrimination is an ancient practice that even this new
generation cannot get rid off. Women in some parts of Africa undergo
genital mutilation before getting married even if the government pro-
hibits such practice. This is for these women not to look for another
man if their husband is away. Men is not allowed to stay in the kitch-
en because kitchen is only for women. In some countries, son is pre-
ferred than daughter and a daughters is often neglected. Sending a
daughter to school is considered a waste of money. And worst is, par-
ents sometimes commit to infanticide as they don’t want to keep a
daughter. Moreover, Gays in some countries are being killed or burned
alive.

ASSESSMENT 3
Direction: Based the kind of discrimination that you’ve read above, write some
shouts or cries to support those that were oppressed or discriminated. Write
them placards below. (please separate sheet)

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10pts 5 4 3 2 1
Message All the messag- 4 messages Only 3 mes- Only 2 are 1 message is
Quality es are convinc- are quite con- sage are re- hard to relate totally unre-
ing and are very vincing and are lated to the the messages lated to the
much related to related to the issue stated to the stated stated issue/s
the issues stat- issues stated issues
ed.
Words Words used are Words used Words used Choice of Words used
Used strong enough to may not be that are not strong words used doesn’t make
convey the mes- strong but the and grammati- hardly conveys any sense.
sage. message clear- cal error is a point. Wrong
ly make sense very evident grammar is
too evident
 What’s I Have Learned

Gender Equality and Gender Ideology are two _______________ideas.

Because Gender Equality refers to _____________________and gender
Ideology refers to _____________________.
Feminist theory originated from ____________________ and
_________________ . This theory weighs if an attitude towards man and
woman is fair with the consideration of _________________and
__________________.

What I Do

Observe your own community. List down the roles that man and
woman does or both do using the Venn Diagram below. Then, write your
reaction to the role of man and woman in your community in paragraph
form. (Your write up should not go lower than 500 words)
 Assessment

Instruction: True or False. Write true if the statement is correct and false
if the statement is wrong.
_______1. Gender Ideology refers to the rights of man and woman in
participating in the decision making at home and the society.
_______2. Gender Ideology refers the standard set by the community as to
the role of man and woman both in the house and in the community.
_______3. Gender equality would demand for the recognition of the right
of man and woman to vote.
_______4. The goal of women liberation movement rejects violation against
women only.
______5. Egalitarian role ideology disagree to the idea that the role of
man and woman should not be divided according to their gender.
______6. In general, the gender role ideology in most cities in the
Philippines can be classified as traditional role ideology.
______7. Liberal Feminism asserts that women must rise over male
dominance in decision making, economic, political and social talks.
______8. Marxism supports egalitarian role ideology.
______9. Liberal Feminism encourages competitiveness among women.
______10. A woman fighting for her right to vote is an advocate of
Marxism Feminism.
______11. “Ang Ina ay siyang Ilaw ng Tahanan” is phrase that reflects the
idea of Gender Equality.
______12. Feminism is a political movement that contributed in the
continuous improvement of the political system.
______13. A community where woman are expected to stay home and do
household chores is supported by liberal Feminism.
______14. It is ideal to keep the principle of feminism in a situation where
a wife has more chances of employment than the husband.
______15. Empowering women is against the principle under Marxism
Feminism.
 1. False
2. False
3. True
4. True
5. False
6. False
7. False
8. False
9. True
10. False
11. False
12. True
13. False
14. False
15. True
Assessment
A. B.
1. Gender Ideology 1. False
2. Sex 2. True
3. Gender 3. True
Formal Institution Informal Institution
4. Marxist Feminism 4. False
Conferencing Aduyunan 5. Liberal Feminism 5. False
Historian Society Club Family 6. Radical Feminisn 6. True
7. Radical Feminism 7. False
Caliking Cooperative Ibaloy Tribe
8. Gender Equality
What’s In What I Know
Answer Key
 References

BOOKS
Carlos Peña Tatel Jr., Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences, Rex
Books Store, Manila, 2016.

WEBSITES

13 Photos of Women Fighting for Equal Pay Throughout History. Accessed

June 14, 2020. https://www.buzzfeed.com/hillaryreinsberg/13-photos-
of-women-fighting-for-equal-pay-through.
Anit Somech and Anat Drach-Zahavy, Gender Role Identity. April 21,
2016, Wiley Online Library. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/
abs/10.1002/9781118663219.wbegss205 .
Elinor Burkett. Women’s Right Movement. Accesed June 15, 2020. https://
www.britannica.com/event/womens-movement Gender Equality.
Accessed June 9, 2020. https://www.unicef.org/gender-equality.
Gender Ideology. Accessed June 9,2020.http://sociology.iresearchnet.com/
sociology-of-gender/gender-ideology/. Gender Role identity.
Liberal Feminism . Revised September, 2013. https://plato.stanford.edu/
entries/feminism-liberal/#ClaLibLibFem.
R. Tong. Feminist Theory. International Social and Behavioural Sciences.
2001. Accessed June 9, 2020. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/
social-sciences/feminist-theory.
S.U. Philips. Gender Ideology. International Encyclopedia of the Social and
Behavioural Science. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-
science/gender-ideology.
W.L. Lee. Liberal Feminism. International Social and Behavioural
sciences. 2001. Accessed June 9, 2020. https://
www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-science/liberal-feminism.
Photos
Accessed June 16, 2020. https://www.pinterest.co.uk/pin/347410558740838097/

Man People Shadow Silhouette Talk Talking - Men And Women Clipart.
Accessed June 17, 2020. https://dlpng.com/png/6673596

Postering for Change: Exploring A Century of Visual Dissent, Accessed

June 17, 2020. https://www.whatdesigncando.com/stories/posteringforchange/
Photo collage. https://www.photocollage.com/
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

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Telefax: 074 422 6570 (telefax)

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