LIS 903- ELECTRONIC LIBRARY AND LIBRARY

SOFTWARE

LECTURER- DR. IFEKA OKEKE

ASSIGNMENT:
A DETAILED DISCUSSION OF THE VARIOUS
FUNCTIONS PERFORMED BY LIBRARY SOFTWARE IN
A FUNCTIONAL LIBRARY

BY

ANYIRA, ISAAC ECHEZONAM

REG. NO. 2019207004FA

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Introduction

The word "library" means different things to different people. To some, it is a place or a
building where people can be allowed to read. To others, a library means anywhere you
can find books. But what then is a library?

Eberhart (2010) offers this definition: 

"A library is a collection of resources in a variety of formats that is:

 organized by information professionals or other experts who

 provide convenient physical, digital, bibliographic, or intellectual access and
 offer targeted services and programs
 with the mission of educating, informing, or entertaining a variety of audiences
 and the goal of stimulating individual learning and advancing society as a
whole."

Another general definition of “library” is from the Online Dictionary of Library and
Information Science (ODLIS) which states that:

“Library -- from the Latin liber, meaning "book." In Greek and the Romans
languages, the corresponding term is bibliotheca. A collection or group of
collections of books and/or other print or non-print materials organized and
maintained for use (reading, consultation, study, research, etc.). Institutional
libraries, organized to facilitate access by a specific clientele, are staffed by
librarians and other personnel trained to provide services to meet user needs. By
extension, the room, building, or facility that houses such a collection, usually but
not necessarily built for that purpose”.

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The library is a service institution with the aim of helping users to make effective use of
its resources and services which were systematically selected, acquired, and organized for
their advancement.

From the above definitions, it can be inferred that the expectations of libraries in the
society are high, from a social, cultural and economic point of view. Libraries play a
fundamental role in our society. They are the collectors and stewards of our heritage; they
are organizers of the knowledge in the books they collect – adding value by cataloguing,
classifying and describing them; and, as public institutions, they assure equality of access
for all citizens. They take the knowledge of the past and present, and lay it down for the
future.

According to Rai Technology University (RTU) (n.d.) Libraries as social institutions,

have become integral part of the society. Library and society are interlinked and
interdependent, and they are not mutually exclusive. We all recognize that information
plays significant role in the all-round human development, enabling peoples to develop
their full potentials with appropriate education and skills and preparing them for a
transition from education stage to work stage. We also recognize that libraries provide the
basic conditions for lifelong learning, independent decision-making and cultural
development of the individuals and social groups. Libraries as gateways to knowledge
and culture also offer countless learning opportunities that can fuel economic, social and
cultural development.

There is no aspect of human endeavor, be it education sector, research sector, or service

sector that the library does not have impact on. Every segment of human endeavor need
the library because it is one of the most effective means of making information available
for cultural, economic and social development. Educational institutions need libraries to
support formal and informal education, learning, support literacy, check digital divide
and help shape the new ideas and perspectives that are central to a creative and innovative

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society. Quite simply, libraries offer a means by which institutions can gain access to
knowledge, thought and culture.
Furthermore, communities need libraries to create awareness among under-privileged
sections for their empowerment, such information on upcoming opportunities in the
market for skill development, employment in the societal institutions, opportunities for
their engagement in social and economic sectors. Society needs libraries so that people
become well-informed citizens; they are able to exercise their democratic rights and play
active role in societal development, human freedom and prosperity. Even the
government, the largest institutional partner in the society, too needs libraries for creating
awareness in public about governmental policies, projects and programmes, decision
making, promoting trade and culture, etc.
Any government or establishment that does not take its library serious would not be taken
serious by any civilized society.
Libraries have indeed become an integral part of the growth and development of the
society. Library and society are inter-linked and inter-dependent with each other. Society
without libraries has no significance, and libraries without society have no origin
(Ashikuzzaman, 2016).

Because of this symbiotic relationship between the library and all aspects of the society,
different types of libraries designed to take care of different aspects of information need
have emerged. They include but not limited to the following:

1. National library
2. Academic library
3. Research library
4. Special library
5. School library
6. Media centre
7. Public library
8. Private library
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 9. Electronic library
10. Hybrid library
11. Digital library
12. Virtual library
13. Etc.

Irrespective of the type of library, all libraries perform similar functions. These functions
are briefly discussed below:

Collection Development: this is responsible for selection of materials as part of a

centralized collection development by evaluating and analyzing various collection areas,
works collaboratively with Librarians and stakeholders, and develops the collection in
accordance with the goals of the collection development policy in order to provide a
collection that meets the community’s needs.

Technical services: this department is responsible for the processing of library materials.
The units include the cataloguing, classification, book finishing and card production, and
reprography.

Readers’ Services: the department includes units such as circulation, reference services
and other functions that directly involve the library staff and library users.

Serials: this is responsible for acquisition and processing of serials such as journals,
newspapers, magazines etc and management of the serials department.

Administration: the head of the library and the management team comprise this
department. Staff matters and the day to day administration of the library is the main
function of the department.

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E-Library- the e-library is headed by the systems librarian. The division is responsible
for managing library automation and e-resources including but not limited to electronic
databases, the institutional repository, OPAC, e-books and e-journals etc.

Special collections/Reserve: this is responsible for non-borrowable collections of the

library other than reference and serials. Official publications, materials that are of high
demand and records that are relevant to the parent organization are the major collections
in this department.

Due to users’ increased demand of these specialized functions, libraries constantly seek
to improve speed and effectiveness in the delivery of these functions. This is what
brought about the introduction of computers into the library system. The use of
computers in library operations gave birth to library automation and electronic library
services that is prevalent today.

Computer Technology

Computers are electronic devices, which require raw data (input) for processing (CPU)
and generate the output in desired form. It is made up of software and hardware parts.
The hardware parts are Keyboard, mouse, joy stick, microphone, camera, printer,
monitor, Hard disk, CD, DVD, CPU, motherboard, RAM and any other part of the
computer system that you can touch of feel physically. The major focus of this work,
however, is the computer software.

The Computer Software

The term 'software' refers to the set of electronic program instructions or data a computer
processor reads in order to perform a task or operation. Software can be categorized

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according to what it is designed to accomplish. There are two common types of software
namely, systems software and application software.

Systems Software

Systems software refers to the programs that are dedicated to managing the computer
itself, such as the operating system, file management utilities, and disk operating system
(or DOS). The operating system manages the computer hardware resources in addition to
applications and data. Without systems software installed in any computer device, it will
be impossible for the device to boot and perform any significant function.

Application Software/Software package

Application software, or end-user programs (because they enable the user to complete
tasks), is a software designed to carry out a specific task. Accounting software such as
spreadsheets is an example. Library software falls within this category.

Library software/application packages

There is no gain-saying that the computer cannot perform its functions without a system
software, neither can it perform a specific or specialized function without an application
package. Any type of computer programme designed to perform some kind of library
function refers to library software. It may be a simple programme to perform the job of
acquisition or cataloguing or integrated library management software that will perform
the job of acquisition, cataloguing, circulation, record keeping, serials management,
special collections and reserve etc.

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Types of Library Software Packages

There are different library software packages that are useful in performing library
function that are hitherto performed manually in the conventional library system. Free
UGC Net Guide (n.d.) categorized library software packages into the following:

1. Classification based on function Performed:

a. Database Creation Software (E.g CDS/ISIS)
b. Library House Keeping / Management Software Packages (Libsys, OASIS,
Sanjay, SLIM, SOUL)
c. Institutional Repository Software Packages (CDSWare, Dspace, E-prints,
Fedora, Ganesha digital library, Greenstone).

2. Based on Source Code Availability:

a. Proprietary software (SOUL)
b. Open Source Software Packages (Koha)

3. Based on Cost Factor:

a. Completely Commercial (LibSys)
b. In-house Developed;
c. Shareware
d. Freeware (Gratis / Libre software)
e. Open Source Software

Capterra (2019) provided a list of library automation software used around the world.
They include:

1. Genesis G4: Windows SQL library software that includes Circulation, Cataloging,
Online Catalog (WebOPAC2), Reporting, etc., all in one package.

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2. Destiny Library Manager: Destiny Library Manager is a complete library
management system that can be accessed from anywhere, 24/7.
3. Oliver v5: Designed specifically for schools, providing a digitally rich, engaging
experience to promote student success.
4. Insignia Library System: Complete library automation system for schools, public,
academic, specialty and professional libraries. Flexible and configurable.
5. Accessit Library: Integrated library management for schools designed for a
modern learning environment - including cloud-hosted or local network deploy.
6. SirsiDynix Symphony: Integrated library management system which helps
institutions with acquisitions, cataloging, circulation, outreach and reporting.
7. CodeAchi Library Management System: Library management solution that helps
organization manage books and administration with QR, barcode facility, and
multi user login.
8. Atriuum: Library automation software, including Circulation, Cataloging,
Searching, Inventory, Reports, and much more.
9. CyberTools for Libraries: Library Services Platform encompassing and
ILS/Integrated Library System + ERM/Electronic Resource Management + A-Z
List Manager.
10. Koha ILS: Open-source integrated library automation systems steered by a
growing community of libraries to achieve their goals.
11. Simple Little Library System: Simple Little Library System is very affordable
library software with flexible pricing. You buy only what you need, when you
need it.
12. Liberty: Cloud-based library management tool that allows organizations to manage
activities across resource tracking, reminders, emails & more.
13. SignUp: Web-based event management application with online registration and
public relation tools for libraries of all sizes.
14. OPALS: Cooperatively developed, Cloud &Web-based, open source access to
information databases and library collections.

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15. Handy Library Manager: Easy-to-use, affordable, and complete library software
for small school, church, community, non-profit, and business libraries.
16. Readerware: Windows-based library automation solution that lets organizations
manage operations via tools such as barcoding, cataloging, & more.
17. LIBERO: Developed with industry experts and designed to provide a single, fully-
integrated library management system to meet your library needs.
18. LIBSYS7: A modular web-based library automation system with acquisition,
cataloging, circulation, indexing and other modules.
19. LibAnswers: Library engagement platform which enables reference service
through a built-in knowledge base.
20. WorldShare Management Services: Cloud-based library management solution that
allows businesses to manage activities via tools such as search filter, cataloging &
more.
21. All My Books: A tool to manage small libraries - either church library or office
library. Built-in loan tracker and getting book details from Amazon.
22. Library Manager: Helps in managing all library data such as student and staff
book, digital media database, and various reports for books.
23. VERSO: Integrated Library System software for Public Libraries.
24. Easylib Library Automation Software: Art library automation software that comes
with a variety of features to help you manage every aspect of your library.
25. Library Content Manager: Library Content Managers Integrated Library Solution
is a web-based Library Software developed in PHP Framework.
26. LiBRARYSOFT: Library software featuring: Visual Trees, Subject Trees, MARC
Downloads, Layered Searches, and more.
27. Soutron: Providing library, records & archive management software solutions for
Corporate and Special Libraries, since 1989.
28. LIBRARIAN: Includes all the international standards (MARC21, Z39.50, AACR2
etc.) to manage learning resource centers of any type or size.
29. AbsysNet: Software that helps automate the management of libraries.

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30. Aleph: Integrated system that manages all aspects of local libraries of any size and
structure.
31. Book Collector Pro: Book cataloging platform which provides data and image
storage through multiple layouts, templates, system skins and more.
32. Boopsie for Libraries: Boopsie for Libraries provides your library with an app to
allow patrons access to your catalog content at anytime and from anywhere.
33. Decalog SIGB: Decalog SIGB is an integrated library tool that offers web portal,
document search, content management, computer access configuration.
34. EPrints: An open source platform for creating self-configuring repositories for
libraries and the publishing industry.
35. Evergreen ILS: An open source enterprise-class library automation system that
helps libraries manage, catalog, and circulate materials.
36. FIRST LMS: Windows based administration application and a web-based Online
Public Access Catalogue.
37. Lib-Portal: Lib-Portal is a web platform with all the features for efficient
management of all the working processes in an advanced modern library.
38. LIBMAN: Windows-based library automation solution that enables organizations
to manage books, magazines, and journals via barcoding & RFID.
39. Library Management Software: Software system that helps in maintaining records
of all library related things.
40. Library Solution: Innovative library services offering including collaborative
cataloguing, inter-lending and end-to-end library management systems.
41. LibraryPro: A management solution to aid libraries in tracking books, maintaining
staff and student records, and generating reports.
42. MindLibrary: Comprehensive and integrated Library and institute management
solutions for a school, college and other institutions.
43. OLISuite: Modular library management system that provides digital environment
for managing archives and libraries.

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 44. PC Card Catalog: Library automation for the small library. Provides check in/out
management, cataloging, catalog searching, and more.
45. SLIM21: Library Management software that is specifically designed to cater to the
needs of 21st century Library and Information centres.

Functions Performed by Library Software (Koha ILMS) in Michael and Cecilia

Ibru University Library Agbarha-Otor, Delta State.

The Michael and Cecilia Ibru University Library is known as Rode Cecil Ibru Library
(RCIL), named after the last born of the institution founder and co-founder, Dr. Michael
and Dr. Cecilia Ibru. It is the knowledge warehouse of the university. The library has a
very rich collection of book and non-book resources which are professionally organized
to meet the information needs of the community. The RCIL is an automated library with
a collection of tens of thousands of textbooks, reference materials, special collections,
archival resources, high impact factor academic and professional journals. In addition, the
library subscribes to world class electronic databases which include but not limited to
Ebscohost, ProQuest, Ardi, OARE, Jstor, Agora etc. These databases are accessible using
the username and password indicated at the entrance of the main library building and at
strategic locations in the campus. Again, the library prides itself as one of the leading
warehouses of e-books and open access resources in the Niger Delta Region. The Library
is fully automated using the 18.11 Ubuntu software version of Koha Integrated Library
Management System (KILMS). The latest version now is 19.05 Ubuntu software. Two
previous attempts to automate the library with the same software was not successful as a
result of wrong installation and use of the web version of the software. It is also worthy
of note that the Z39.50 function which makes the software preferable did not work during
these attempts.

However, under my watch as the Deputy University Librarian, the software was
successfully installed in a brand new server and all the functions performed optimally.

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About Koha ILMS

Koha is an Integrated Library System (ILS) that is freely available to the public. It is used
to automate library functions from checking books in and out and creating library cards to
more administrative tasks such as statistical work and setting up branch libraries. The
word Koha is a Maori word meaning gift or donation. Koha development is steered by
the collaboration of a growing community of libraries and a team of volunteers from
around the globe. Koha is developed using technologies like Perl (Practical Extraction
and Report Language), HTML, CSS, Javascript, Apache and MySQL. Development
started in New Zealand in 1999-2000 by a web development company called Katipo for
libraries in rural areas of New Zealand. Katipo worked with Horowhenua Library Trust
(HLT) to write the first version of Koha, and then released the code under the GPL (The
GNU General Public License) (Koha Library Software Community, 2011). 

According to Helling (2010), it is a powerful system which, when combined with the
powerful search and indexing engine, Zebra, can quickly retrieve MARC records from a
database with tens of thousands of records. It is truly a free, full function, ILS and is a
rising star, but currently not the most popular ILS on the market. There are more than 500
libraries including academic, public and special libraries that use Koha as their ILS
including such large libraries as Delhi Public Libraries, Antioch University as well as a
major Koha consortium in Vermont called VOKAL (Vermont Organization of Koha
Automated Libraries) (Sirohi,& Gupta, 2010).

Koha Versions

Like Linux itself, there is more than one iteration (version) of Koha. Linux has
distributions like Ubuntu, Debian and OpenSUS and there are two Koha iterations are the
Koha Community version (the original) and Liblime Koha (Liblime, 2011). Both are free
and open-source and can be customized to the library in terms of creating new features or
modules. The major difference between the two is that the Community version is
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controlled by a board of trustees with a charter to guide development. Liblime Koha is
controlled by a private company. The fact that one is run by a private company and the
other a board of trustees does not mean that either is better in terms of functionality,
usability or good for the community. Liblime only wants to sell support and hosting but
the code for Liblime Koha is free. Both are safe and good to use. Technically, there is a
third iteration of Koha called Liblime Academic Koha. It is a production version meaning
that there are libraries that use it as their ILS but it is currently not available to the public.
Liblime and a consortium of Libraries have created this iteration and it is only available
to those libraries that join the consortium or pay a percentage of the cost of its creation.

Prerequisites for the installation of Koha

Before starting the Koha installation, be sure that your computer meets the system
requirements for both Ubuntu Desktop as well as Koha. However, the requirements for
Ubuntu are more intense than Koha so the only requirements with which we should be
concerned are those for Ubuntu Desktop (Cannonical Ltd., 2011). Even these
requirements can be met by a good computer from about 2000:

 1 GHz processor
 1 Gigabyte of RAM
 15 GB of hard drive space
 Monitor with at least 1024 by 768 screen resolution
 A USB port or a CD/DVD ROM
 Internet access

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Features of Koha

 MARC 21 compatible
 Z39.50 search
 MARC Import/Export capabilities
 Multi-language web OPAC
 Comprehensive advanced search
 Customizability to suit individual library needs and taste
 Printing functions for barcode labels and reports
 Virtual book shelf
 Copy cataloguing
 Branch library management and items transfers
 Budget management capabilities
 Koha is flexible as it can run in Linux, windows etc.

Koha Modules

The different modules available in Koha are as follows:

1. OPAC: customizable, RSS feed for searches, comments /reviews by patrons.

2. Cataloging: data entry, copy cataloging using Z39.50 search. MARC and
UNIMARC support.
3. Administration/Authority control.
4. Patron Management: photos, custom fields, fine management, history.
5. Acquisition: This preference defines the type of acquisitions the library plans to
use.
6. Circulation: checking in/out, overdue notices (email, sms).

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 7. Serials: serials management, receive issues, track late issues, process vendor
claims, check-in supplements Acquisitions track vendors, track orders, receive
orders, process claims, budgeting Custom.
8. Reporting: Statistics wizards, which enable you to select fields to display in table
form and generate statistics.

The Functions Performed by the Koha Software

These functions or capabilities are structured into modules. They are discussed below:

Function One: Library Public Catalogue Module

Koha provides a full-functioned Online Public Access Catalog (OPAC). With Koha,

 Library users can carry out searches using many approaches that are impossible in
the conventional public access catalogue (Keyword, Subject, Title, Class, Barcode,
author, publisher, etc.). As in the librarian interface, they can order the results
according to several criteria.
 Library users who are logged-in members can place reservations on library items.
 Library users can select records from an OPAC search and retrieve them by e-
mall, either in human-readable form or in an ISO2709-format file.
 Library users can submit suggestions for acquisition. Koha automatically informs
the user (by e-mall) of the action taken on each suggestion. These functions are
practically not possible in the traditional library setting.

Function Two: Administration/Authority control Module.

The administrator can allot one or more of the following capabilities to each staff
member:

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  Super-librarian: access to all functions. This is usually the Head of the library.
 Circulation: carry out circulation tasks.
 Catalogue: search the catalogue.
 Parameters: administer the system parameters.
 Borrowers: manage the public users (addition, modification, restriction, etc.).
 Permissions: administer staff access to functions.
 Reserves for others: place reserves on items for any borrower.
 Reserves for oneself: place reserves for oneself.
 Loan: loan items to borrowers.
 Cataloguing: manage the catalogue.
 Charges: manage the fines and fees levied against members.

Just like departmentalization of functions in a conventional library, this function enables

the librarian or administrator to share responsibilities among staff members.

Function Three: Circulation Module (Charging and Discharging)

This function allows users to borrow books from any branch (not just the branch where
the borrower first registered). It further facilitates the:

 Registration of users.
 Returning an item at any branch.
 Reserving an item at any branch.
 Circulation rules can be easily be defined very finely by the library explaining
clearly each member category, item category, and holding branch of the item, the
duration of the loan and the maximum number of books loan able can be defined.
 Returning items ("checking-in") is extremely easy as the circulation staff can
simply scan the barcodes of the items being returned.

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Function Four: Cataloguing Module

 MARC Management: The cataloguing function is one of the principal strong

points of this software. Several "frameworks" can be defined to do different
cataloguing for monographs, electronic resources, periodicals, etc.
 Export/Import: Importing records in ISO2709 format (the MARC reservoir) and
through Z39.50 (client) for fast cataloguing.
 Copy records: One or more copy records can be attached to each bibliographic
record.
 Fast cataloguing: To accelerate cataloguing, Koha provides, Management of a
MARC record reservoir, in ISO2709 format, A Z39.50 client that can access
several Z39.50 servers.
 MARC view and simple view: Catalogue data can be displayed in MARC format,
in simplified form.
 Searching: searches can be performed on any MARC field. Advanced functions,
search on one word, the beginning of the field, greater than, less than, etc are also
available.

Note: Records can be added to Koha via original or copy cataloging. You can also choose
to use the basic or advanced cataloging interface for all of your work. If you would like to
catalog a record using a blank template in the basic editor, you will click the ‘New
record’ button. If you want to catalog a record based on an existing record at another
library in the editor you last used (basic or advanced) then:

 Click ‘New from Z39.50/SRU’

 Search for the item you would like to catalog using author, title, ISBN etc.

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Function Five: Serials Management Module

 It is possible to register subscriptions with reviews, and to track the arrival of

periodicals.
 Koha manages late issues, skipped issues, and claims with the suppliers.
 Koha manages complex classifications, allowing the librarian to work with eleven
different publication periods (from daily newspapers to annual publications), with
delayed publications, and with publications out of sequence.
 A state of the collection can be defined which will synthesize the missing
publications, received publications, etc.
 The state of the collection can be displayed differently in the OPAC and in the
librarian interface.

Function Six: Acquisition Module

 Full acquisitions: The full acquisitions module makes it possible to carry out
selection, ordering, review of collection, manage Budgets and book funds, ,
vendors stock lists management etc.

Function Seven: Reporting Module

The Koha Software helps to track records. Reports are used to generate statistics, member
lists, shelving lists etc. Koha’s data are stored in a MySQL database which means helps
the librarians to generate nearly any report you would like by either using the guided
reports wizard or writing your own SQL query.

The guided report wizard will walk you through a six step process to generate a report:

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  Step 1: Choose the module you want to report on. This will determine what tables
and fields are available for you to query. Report is public’ should be left to the
default of ‘No’ in most cases especially if the report contains patron or other
sensitive information. A public report can be accessed using the JSON reports
services by anyone and without authentication.
 Step 2: Choose a report type. For now, Tabular is the only option available.
 Step 3: Choose the fields you want in your report. You can select multiple fields
and add them all at once by using CTRL+click on each item you want to add
before clicking the Add button.
 Step 4: Choose any limits you might want to apply to your report (such as item
types or branches). If you don’t want to apply any limits, simply click ‘Next’
instead of choosing an option.
 Step 5: Perform math functions. If you don’t want to do any calculations, simply
click ‘Next’ instead of choosing an option.
 Step 6: Choose data order. If you want the data to print out in the order it’s found
in the database, simply click ‘Finish’.

When you are through, you will be presented with the SQL generated by the report
wizard. From here you can choose to save the report by clicking ‘Save’ or copy the SQL
and make edits to it by manual input.

Function Eight: Patron Management Module

This module enables you to perform functions of user registration as is done in the
circulation unit of the library. Koha allows you to:

 Add a new patron

 Add a Staff Patron
 Add a Statistical Patron

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  Duplicate a Patron
 Add Patron Images/photos
 Editing Patrons anytime there is a change in name status or user category
 Managing Patron Self Edits (this function allows the patrons to manage their own
records while the librarian or administrator) manages the record.

Limitations of Koha ILMS

Koha does have a few limitations as your library is still attached to a vendor of some
kind. The library is still not fully in control of information on its Koha server.
Information like users’ phone, address, full name etc. These data need to be protected and
the best way to do that is to pay someone and blame them if anything goes wrong as
would have been possible if you are using commercial software. Also, data migration
from older software packages to Koha is cumbersome and requires a lot of expertise and
technological deployment.

Conclusion

The objective of this assignment is to discuss in details the various functions performed
by library software in a functional library. In the bid to discuss that, the paper first of all
provided a background to the assignment by defining what a library means, identified the
different types of libraries and their roles in the society and provided the need for the
introduction of computer technology into the library. Increasingly this work defined what
a computer is and identified the various parts of the computer system. Different library
software were highlighted while the functions of Koha ILMS as implemented and is
functional in Michael and Cecilia University library Agbarha-Otor in Delta State, was
discussed in detail.

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Recommendations

To have functional library software installed, take note of the following advice:

1. Choose the software that suits your library.

2. Open source software are cheaper to install and easier to update and manage.
3. Ensure that your library has its internet service provider other than the central ISP.
4. Ensure that the server and ICT equipment are located inside the library building.
5. Ensure that the library has alternative internet access such as Wi-fi (wireless
Fidelity) or Mi-fi otherwise called my wi-fi.
6. Get an experienced systems administrator (a consultant is good).
7. Train and retrain your staff.
8. Above all, it is better, easier, and cheaper to introduce library software from
inception of the library as migration from manual to computerized system is no
cheap talk.

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 References

Ahammad, N. (2014). Implementing the Koha integrated library system at the

Independent University, Bangladesh. The Electronic Library, 32 (5), 642 – 658.
Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/EL-04-2012-0036.

Bissels, G., & Chandler, A. (2010). Two years on: Koha 3.0 in use at the CAMLIS
library, Royal London Homoeopathic Hospital. Electronic Library and
Information Services , 44 (3), pp.283-290.

Cannonical Ltd. (2011). Installation/System Requirements - Community Ubuntu

Documentation. Retrieved from Ubuntu Documentation:
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/SystemRequirements

Capterra (2019). Library automation software. Retrieved from

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