Understanding DC Machines Spreading Science & Technology

Defination of DC Machine Construction of DC Motor DC Machines Circuit Diagram

A machine which converts mechanical power into Stator +
Bar Collector Balancing Conductor Ra
electrical power is called a DC generator. A machine which + + +
Series
Field
converts DC electrical power into mechanical power is + DC Supply DC Supply DC Supply
+_ DC Supply Source mains
+
known as DC motor. From construction point of view there mains _ mains
_
Armature _ _ Armature
Armature
is no difference between DC generator and motor. Commutating Pole
Field
Winding _ _

Shaft Permanent magnet type Separately excited type Series type

Commutating Winding
Operating Principle of DC Machine Frame or Yoke + Series
Rotation of Loop Pole Core Series Field
When a current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic Field + +
Brushes and Brush +_ DC Supply Shunt +
field a mechanical force is experienced by it the direction mains + Field DC Supply Shunt DC Supply Shunt
N S Holder Pole Shoe mains mains Field _

on

n
Field _

ti o
of this force is determined by Fleming left hand rule and its _

oti

mo
m
Armature_ _ Armature

on

on
magnitude is given by the relation. Armature

ctr

ctr
Ele

Ele
Armature Conductors Long shunt type Shunt type Shunt type
Brush Brush
F = BIL NEWTONS Inductor Coil
Where, Speed Control of DC Machine :
B = magnetic field in TESLAS
Speed control of DC motor is given by the relation : N α
V – Ia Ra / Φ
Split Ring Commutator

I = current flowing through the conductor in AMPS

L = length of the conductors in METRES A typical DC generator or motor Rotor Speed Control of DC Machine
DC Power Supply usually consists of An stator (The
stationary part of the machine) and
Cut set veiw of DC Machine rotor (The rotating part of the Armature Control Method Voltage Control Method Field Control Method
machine) forms the mechanical By varying armature drop By varying the applied voltage By varying flux per pole
1. Bearings 9. Brushes and brush holder
circuit. An armature winding, field
2. Lifting eyebolt 10. Collector support flange winding, brushes and a commutator Shaft
3. Bearings 11. Cover
4. Shaft support flange
forms the electric circuit; An armature
core, air gap, poles, and yoke forms
Losses of DC Machine :
5. Ventilation turbine the magnetic circuit. And a frame, end Total Input
6. Armature bells, bearings, brush supports and a
7. Collector shaft which provide the mechanical Brushes and Bar Collector
support Collector Useful Output Total Losses
8. Stator Brush Holder

Classification of DC Machine Copper Losses Iron Losses Mechanical Losses

E.M.F Equation of DC Machine DC motor on the basis of their field excitation can be classified as
EMF induced in the machine is the fundamental phenomenon of all DC machines
Classification of DC Machines Armature copper Loss Field copper Loss Hysteresis Loss Eddy current Loss Friction Loss Windage Losses
whether they are working as generator or motor.

Motion
Motoring action Generating action Motion
Permanent magnet Separately Excited Self Excited Efficiency of DC Machine :
Field

Efficiency Output (Input - Losses) Output

= = ×
100 = ×
100
Fleming left Fleming right (in percentage) Input Input (Output + Losses)
Field Series type Shunt type Compound type
hand rule hand rule
current
Advantage of DC Over AC :
Differential type Cumulative type DC motor can control speed even with load but AC motor need special drives to control speeds.
induced emf
DC motor can operate directly from a battery.
Back EMF Eb = PZ√ N / 60A Volts 2. Generated EMF Eg = PZ√ N / 60A Volts DC motors are also used where controlling speed and torque are important.
DC have a higher degree of efficiency compared to some AC motors.
For armature circuit V = Ea + Ia Ra 3. For armature circuit V = Ea - Ia Ra Long Shunt Connected Short type Connected

NV7007 DC Machine Lab-I Scope of Learning NV7008 DC Machine Lab-II Scope of Learning NV725 DC Supply Scope of Learning NV7014 Scope of Learning
Study of No Load Characteristics (OCC) of DC
?
Shunt Generator Speed Control of DC Shunt Motor by Field
? Exclusive and rugged designed panel
? Study of Speed Control of DC
?
Study of Load Characteristics of DC Shunt
? and Armature current variation. Stand alone operation
? Series Motor by Field and
Generator Load Characteristics of DC Shunt Motor.
? Designed by considering all the safety
?
Armature current variation.
Speed Control of DC Shunt Motor by Field
? N-I Characteristics of DC Shunt Motor.
? precautions ? Study of Load Characteristics
N-V Characteristics of DC Shunt Motor.
? High quality meters
?
of DC Series Motor.
and Armature current variation
?
Study of self excited DC Shunt Motor.
? Provided with an extensive e-manual
?
Study of Operating Characteristics of DC Series Motor.
?
Load Characteristics of DC Shunt Motor
?
Study of self excited DC Shunt Motor
? 2 Year warranty
?

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