Thermodynamic Processes 119

Problems based on Q, U and W

1. Work done in the given P-V diagram in the cyclic process is

(2P, (2P,
(a) PV V) 2V)
P
(b) 2PV
(P, V) (P, 2V)
(c) PV/2
V
(d) 3PV

2. Which of the following is not a thermodynamics co-ordinate

(a) P (b) T (c) V (d) R

3. Which of the following can not determine the state of a thermodynamic system [AFMC 2001]

(a) Pressure and volume (b) Volume and temperature

(c) Temperature and pressure (d) Any one of pressure, volume or

temperature

4. In the figure given two processes A and B are shown by which a thermo-dynamical system goes from initial to
final state F. If Q A and QB are respectively the heats supplied to the systems then

(a) QA  QB P

A
(b) QA  QB i f

B
(c) QA  QB
V
(d) QA  QB

5. In the cyclic process shown in the figure, the work done by the gas in one cycle is
P
7P1
(a) 28 p1V1

(b) 14 p1V1

(c) 18 p1V1 P1
V1 4V1 V
(d) 9 p1V1

6. The internal energy of an ideal gas depends upon [RPMT 1997; MP PMT 1999]

(a) Specific volume (b) Pressure (c) Temperature (d) Density

120 Thermodynamic Processes

7. An ideal gas is taken around the cycle ABCA as shown in the P-V diagram. The net work done by the gas during
the cycle is equal to P
B [CPMT 1991]
3P1

(a) 12 P1V1

(b) 6 P1V1 P1 C
A
V1 3V1
(c) 3 P1V1

(d) P1V1

8. The internal energy U is a unique function of any state , because change in U [CPMT 1980]

(a) Does not depend upon path (b) Depend upon the path
(c) Corresponds to an adiabatic process (d) Corresponds to an isothermal process
9. Which of the following statements is/are correct
(a) Whenever heat is supplied to a gas, its internal energy increases
(b) Internal energy of a gas must increase when its temperature is increased
(c) Internal energy of a gas may be increased even if heat is not supplied to the gas
(d) Internal energy of a gas is proportional to square of the velocity of the vessel in which gas is contained
10. P-V diagram of an ideal gas is as shown in figure. Work done by the gas in process ABCD is

P
(a) 4 P0 V0
C D
2P
(b) 2 P0 V0
0
P0
(c) 3 P0 V0 B A
V
(d) P0 V0 V0 2V 3V
0 0

Problems based on Joule's law

11. In a water-fall the water falls from a height of 100 m. If the entire kinetic energy of water is converted into
heat, the rise in temperature of water will be
(a) 0.23°C (b) 0.46°C (c) 2.3°C (d) 0.023°C
12. A lead bullet of 10 g travelling at 300 m/s strikes against a block of wood and comes to rest. Assuming 50% of
heat is absorbed by the bullet, the increase in its temperature is (specific heat of lead = 150J/kg, K)
(a) 100°C (b) 125°C (c) 150°C (d) 200°C
13. The mechanical equivalent of heat J is [MP PET 2000]

(a) A constant (b) A physical quantity (c) A conversion factor (d) None of these
14. The S.I. unit of mechanical equivalent of heat is [MP PMT/PET 1998]

(a) Joule  Calorie (b) Joule / Calorie (c) Calorie  Erg (d) Erg / Calorie

15. A lead ball moving with a velocity V strikes a wall and stops. If 50% of its energy is converted into heat, then
what will be the increase in temperature (Specific heat of lead is S)

2V 2 V2 V 2S V 2S
(a) (b) (c) (d)
JS 4 JS J 2J
 Thermodynamic Processes 121

16. A 10kg mass falls through 25 m on to the ground and bounces to a height of 0.50 m. Assume that all potential
energy lost is used in heating up the mass. The temperature rise will be (Given specific heat of the material is
252 Joule/kg K) [ISM Dhanbad 1994]

(a) 0.95 K (b) 0.095 K (c) 0.0095 K (d) None of these

17. 4200 J of work is required for
(a) Increasing the temperature of 10 gm of water through 10°C (b) Increasing the temperature
of 100 gm of water through 10°C
(c) Increasing the temperature of 1 kg of water through 10°C (d) Increasing the temperature
of 10 kg of water through 10°C

Problems based on First law of thermodynamics

 Basic level
18. First law of thermodynamics is a special case of [CPMT 1985; RPET 2000; DCE 2000; CBSE PMT 2000; AIEEE 2002; AFM
(a) Newton’s law (b) Law of conservation of energy
(c) Charle’s law (d) Law of heat exchange
19. If Q  0 when heat flows into a system, W  0 when work is done on the system, then the increase in the
internal energy U is
[AMU (Med.) 2001]
(a) W  Q (b) W  Q (c) Q  W (d) (Q  W )
20. In a given process on an ideal gas, dW = 0 and dQ < 0. Then for the gas [IIT-JEE (Screening) 2001]
(a) The temperature will decrease (b) The volume will increase
(c) The pressure will remain constant (d) The temperature will increase
21. If Q and W represent the heat supplied to the system and the work done on the system respectively, then the
first law of thermodynamics can be written as (where U is the internal energy)
(a) Q  U  W (b) Q  U  W (c) Q  W  U (d) Q  W  U
22. In thermodynamic process, 200 Joules of heat is given to a gas and 100 Joules of work is also done on it. The
change in internal energy of the gas is
(a) 100 J (b) 300 J (c) 419 J (d) 24 J
23. In a thermodynamic process pressure of a fixed mass of a gas is changed in such a manner that the gas releases
20 joules of heat and 8 joules of work was done on the gas. If the initial internal energy of the gas was 30
joules, then the final internal energy will be
[CPMT 1986]
(a) 2 J (b) 42 J (c) 18 J (d) 58 J
24. In a reversible isobaric heating of an ideal gas from state 1 to state 2, the equations for heat transfer and work
are
(a) Q  CP (T2  T1 ), W  p(V2  V1 ) (b) Q  CP (T2  T1 ), W  0

 C dT , W  0
2
(c) Q  P (d) None of these
1

 Advance level
25. A thermally insulated chamber of volume 2V0 is divided by a frictionless piston of area S into two equal parts A
and B. Part A has an ideal gas at pressure P0 and temperature T0 and in part B is vacuum. A massless spring of
force constant k is connected with piston and the wall of the container as shown. Initially spring is unstretched.
Gas in chamber A is allowed to expand. Let in equilibrium spring is compressed by x 0 . Then
kx 0
(a) Final pressure of the gas is
S
A B

Gas Vacuum
122 Thermodynamic Processes

1 2
(b) Work done by the gas is kx 0
2
1 2
(c) Change in internal energy of the gas is kx 0
2
(d) Temperature of the gas is decreased
Problems based on Isothermal process
26. Which is incorrect [DCE 2001]

(a) In an isobaric process, P = 0 (b) In an isochoric process, W = 0

(c) In an isothermal process, T = 0 (d) In an isothermal process, Q = 0
27. Consider the following statements
Assertion (A): The isothermal curves intersect each other at a certain point
Reason (R) : The isothermal changes take place slowly, so the isothermal curves have very little slope
Of these statements [AIIMS 2001]

(a) Both A and R are true and R is a correct explanation of A

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not a correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) Both A and R are false
(e) A is false but R is true
28. The isothermal bulk modulus of a perfect gas at normal pressure is

(a) 1 .013  10 5 N / m 2 (b) 1 .013  10 6 N / m 2 (c) 1 .013  10 11 N / m 2 (d) 1 .013  10 11 N / m 2

29. When an ideal gas in a cylinder was compressed isothermally by a piston, the work done on the gas was found
to be 1 . 5  10 4 J. During this process about

(a) 3 .6  10 3 calorie of heat flowed out from the gas (b) 3 .6  10 3 calorie of heat flowed into the gas

(c) 1 . 5  10 4 calorie of heat flowed into the gas (d) 1 . 5  10 4 calorie of heat flowed out from the gas
30. If a gas is heated at constant pressure, its isothermal compressibility
(a) Remains constant (b) Increases linearly with temperature
(c) Decreases linearly with temperature (d) Decreases inversely with temperature
31. N moles of an ideal diatomic gas are in a cylinder at temperature T. Suppose on supplying heat to the gas, its
temperature remain constant but n moles get dissociated into atoms. Heat supplied to the gas is
1 3 3
(a) Zero (b) nRT (c) nRT (d) ( N  n)RT
2 2 2

Problems based on Adiabatic process

32. The slopes of isothermal and adiabatic curves are related as

(a) Isothermal curve slope = Adiabatic curve slope (b) Isothermal curve slope =   Adiabatic curve slope
1
(c) Adiabatic curve slope =   Isothermal curve slope (d) Adiabatic curve slope =  Isothermal curve slope
2
33. The work done in which of the following processes is equal to the change in internal energy of the system [UPSEAT 200
(a) Adiabatic process (b) Isothermal process (c) Isochoric process (d) None of these
34. In an adiabatic process, the state of a gas is changed from P1 , V1 , T1 to P2 , V2 , T2 . Which of the following relation
is correct
 Thermodynamic Processes 123

[Orissa JEE 2003]

(a) T1 V1 1  T2 V2 1 (b) P1 V1 1  P2 V2 1 (c) T1P1  T2 P2 (d) T1V1  T2 V2

35. Pressure-temperature relationship for an ideal gas undergoing adiabatic change is (  C p / Cv )

[CPMT 1992; MP PMT 1986, 87, 94, 97; DCE 2001; UPSEAT 1999; 2001; AFMC 2002]

(a) PT  = constant (b) PT 1  = constant (c) P  1T  = constant (d) P 1  T  = constant

1
36. A monoatomic gas ( = 5/3) is suddenly compressed to of its original volume adiabatically, then the pressure
8
of the gas will change to [CPMT 1976, 83; MP PMT 1994; Roorkee 2000; KCET (Engg./Med.) 2000; Pb. PMT 1999,
2001]

24 40
(a) (b) (c) 8 (d) 32 times it’s initial
5 3
pressure
37. Consider the following statements
Assertion (A): In adiabatic compression, the internal energy and temperature of the system get decreased
Reason (R) : The adiabatic compression is a slow process
Of these statements [AIIMS 2001]
(a) Both A and R are true and R is a correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not a correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) Both A and R are false
(e) A is false but R is true
38. If  denotes the ratio of two specific heats of a gas, the ratio of slopes of adiabatic and isothermal P-V curves at
their point of intersection is
(a) 1/ (b)  (c)  – 1 (d)  + 1
39. During the adiabatic expansion of 2 moles of a gas, the internal energy was found to have decreased by 100 J.
The work done by the gas in this process is
(a) Zero (b) – 100 J (c) 200 J (d) 100 J
P
40. For an adiabatic expansion of a perfect gas, the value of is equal to [CPMT 1983; MP PMT 1990]
P
V V V V
(a)   (b)  (c)   (d)   2
V V V V
41. The pressure in the tyre of a car is four times the atmospheric pressure at 300 K. If this tyre suddenly bursts,
its new temperature will be ( = 1.4)
0 .4 / 1 .4
1
(a) 300 (4 )1.4 / 0.4 (b) 300   (c) 300 (2)0.4 / 1.4 (d) 300 (4 )0.4 / 1.4
4
42. When a gas expands adiabatically
(a) No energy is required for expansion
(b) Energy is required and it comes from the wall of the container of the gas
(c) Internal energy of the gas is used in doing work
(d) Law of conservation of energy does not hold
43. The adiabatic elasticity of hydrogen gas ( = 1.4) at N.T.P. is
(a) 1  10 5 N / m 2 (b) 1  10 8 N / m 2 (c) 1 .4 N / m 2 (d) 1 .4  10 5 N / m 2
124 Thermodynamic Processes

44. Two identical adiabatic vessels are filled with oxygen at pressure P1 and P2 (P1  P2 ) . The vessels are
interconnected with each other by a non-conducting pipe. If U01 and U02 denote initial internal energy of
oxygen in first and second vessel respectively and U f1 and U f 2 denote final internal energy values, then

U01 P U01 P2 U01 P2 U01 P

(a)  1 , U f1  U f2 (b)  , U f1  U f2 (c)  , U f1  U f2 (d)  1 , U f1  U f2
U02 P2 U02 P1 U02 P1 U02 P2

45. The volume of a gas at two atmospheric pressure is 1 litre. Its volume is increased to 4.5 litre by adiabatic
process, then the heat taken by the gas in calories in this process will be
(a) 840 (b) 84 (c) 8.4 (d) Zero

Problems based on Isobaric process

46. In which process the P-V indicator diagram is a straight line parallel to volume axis [KCET (Engg./Med.) 2000; CPMT 20
(a) Irreversible (b) Adiabatic (c) Isothermal (d) Isobaric
47. When heat is given to a gas in an isobaric process, then
(a) The work is done by the gas (b) Internal energy of the gas
increases
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None from (a) and (b)
48. The specific heat of hydrogen gas at constant pressure is Cp  3.4  10 3 cal / kgC and at constant volume is
Cv  2 . 4  10 3 cal / kgC . If one kilogram hydrogen gas is heated from 10°C to 20°C at constant pressure, the
external work done on the gas to maintain it at constant pressure is
(a) 10 5 calories (b) 10 4 calories (c) 10 3 calories (d) 5  10 3 calories
49. Two kg of water is converted into steam by boiling at atmospheric pressure. The volume changes from
2  10 3 m 3 to 3 . 34 m 3 . The work done by the system is about

(a) – 340 kJ (b) – 170 kJ (c) 170 kJ (d) 340 kJ

50. A vessel contains an ideal monoatomic gas which expands at constant pressure, when heat Q is supplied to it.
Then work done by the gas in the expansion is
(a) Q (b) 3Q/5 (c) 2Q/5 (d) 2Q/3
51. 540 calories of heat convert 1 cubic centimeter of water at 100°C into 1671 cubic centimeter of steam at 100°C
at a pressure of one atmosphere. Then the work done against the atmospheric pressure is nearly
(a) 540 cal (b) 40 cal (c) Zero cal (d) 500 cal
52. When 1 g of water changes from liquid to vapour phase at constant pressure of 1 atmosphere, the volume
increases from 1 cm 3 to 1671 cc. The heat of vaporisation at this pressure is 540 cal/g. The increase in internal
energy of water
(a) 2099 J (b) 3000 J (c) 992 J (d) 2122 J

Problems based on Cyclic and non-cyclic process

53. Heat energy absorbed by a system in going through a cyclic process shown in figure is

V
(a) 107  J (litre)
30
(b) 104  J
(c) 102 J 10 P
3 (kPa)
(d) 10 J 10 30

54. A system, after passing through different states returns back to its original state is
 Thermodynamic Processes 125

(a) Adiabatic process (b) Isobaric process (c) Isothermal process (d) Cyclic process
55. A thermodynamic system is taken from state A to B along ACB and is brought back to A along BDA as shown in
the PV diagram. The net work done during the complete cycle is given by the area
P B
P2
(a) P1ACBP2P1 C

(b) ACBB'A'A D
P1 A
(c) ACBDA
A B V
(d) ADBB'A'A
56. In the diagrams (i) to (iv) of variation of volume with changing pressure is shown. A gas is taken along the path
ABCD. The change in internal energy of the gas will be
D C D
V D V D V V
C C C

A
A A B
B A B B

P P P P
(i) (ii) (iii (iv
) )
(a) Positive in all cases (i) to (iv) (b) Positive in cases (i), (ii) and
(iii) but zero in (iv) case
(c) Negative in cases (i), (ii) and (iii) but zero in (iv) case (d) Zero in all four cases
57. A system is taken through a cyclic process represented by a circle as shown. The heat absorbed by the system is

(a)   10 3 J V(in
cc)60

(b) J 30
2
20
(c) 4  10 2 J 0
0 50 100 150 200 P(in
(d)  J kPa)
58. A thermodynamic system undergoes cyclic process ABCDA as shown in figure. The work done by the system is

P C B
3P0
(a) P0 V0
2P0 O
(b) 2 P0 V0
P0
P0 V0 A D
(c) V
2 V0 2V0

(d) Zero

Problems based on Second law of thermodynamics

59. The P-V graph of an ideal gas cycle is shown here as below. The adiabatic process is described by
[CPMT 1985; UPSEAT 2003]
P A
(a) AB and BC B

(b) AB and CD
D
C
(c) BC and DA
V
(d) BC and CD
126 Thermodynamic Processes

60. A measure of the degree of disorder of a system is known as

(a) Isobaric (b) Isotropy (c) Enthalpy (d) Entropy
61. The efficiency of Carnot engine operating with reservior temperature at 100 K and –23 K will be
100  23 100  23 100  23 100  23
(a) (b) (c) (d)
100 100 373 373
62. Coefficient of performance of an ideal refrigerator working between temperature T1 and T2 (T1 > T2) is [AFMC 1996]
T2 T2 T1 T1
(a)   (b)   (c)   (d)  
T1  T2 T1  T2 T1  T2 T1  T2
63. Entropy of a thermodynamic system does not change when this system is used for
(a) Conduction of heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir (b) Conversion of heat into
work isobarically
(c) Conversion of heat into internal energy isochorically (d) Conversion of work into heat
isochorically
64. The second law of thermodynamics states that
(a) Heat is neither created nor destroyed
(b) Heat can be converted into other forms of energy
(c) Heat flows from a hot object to a cold one
(d) The mechanical equivalent of heat is the amount of energy that must be expended in order to produce heat
65. A Carnot engine works between ice point and steam point. Its efficiency will be
(a) 26.81% (b) 53.36% (c) 71.23% (d) 85.42%
 126

126 Thermodynamics Process

Answer Sheet (Practice problems)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
a d d d d c c a b, c c
11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
a c c b b a b b a a
21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30.
b b c a a, b, c, d d e a b a
31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
b c a a d d d b d c
41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50.
d c d d d d c b d c
51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60.
b a c d c d d d c d
61. 62. 63. 64. 65.
a a d c a