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Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs

• 2.1 Introduction
Chapter 2 – Strip Method for • Different methods of analysis are allowed by
EBCS-2
Slabs
• One of these is plastic methods
Dr.-Ing. Girma Zerayohannes • Strip method is a plastic method of analysis
Dr.-Ing. Adil Zekaria
Eng. Misgun Samuel

Dr.-Ing. Girma Zerayohannes 2

Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs
• The upper bound theorem of the theory of • When applying this method it is necessary to
plasticity is presented in chapter 1. The YL assume that the distribution of reinforcement
method of slab analysis is an upper bound is known over the whole slab.
approach to determining the capacity of the slab
• → a tool for review.
• Disadvantages:
• Can be used for design only in an iterative
• An upper bound analysis if in error will be on the sense, i.e., trail design until a satisfactory
unsafe side. The actual carrying capacity will be
amount is found
less than, or at best equal to the capacity
predicted, which is a cause for concern.
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Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs
• These circumstances motivated Hillerborg • By the strip method, a moment field is first
(1956) to develop what is known as strip determined that fulfills equilibrium
method for slab design requirements, after which the reinforcements
• In contrast to yield line analysis, the strip of the slab at each point is designed for this
method is a lower bound approach, based on moment field
the satisfaction of equilibrium requirements
every where in the slab

Dr.-Ing. Girma Zerayohannes 5 Dr.-Ing. Girma Zerayohannes 6

Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs
• Lower Bound Theorem: If a distribution of • Advantages:
moments can be found that satisfies both • The strip method gives results on the safe side,
equilibrium and boundary conditions for a which is certainly preferable in practice
given external loading, and if the yield • The strip method is a design method, by which
the needed reinforcement can be calculated
moment capacity of the slab is nowhere
exceeded, then the given external loading will • Simple to use, even for slabs with holes or
irregular boundaries
represent a lower bound of the true carrying
• Economical, encourages use of strong band of
capacity steel where needed, such as around openings

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Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs
• 4.2 Basic Principles
• The governing equilibrium equation for a
small slab element having sides dx and dy is:

Figure 1
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Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs
• Summing moments about lines parallel to x
and y axes and neglecting higher order terms
gives,

2
∂ 2 mx ∂ m y ∂ 2 mxy
+ −2 = −w
∂x 2 ∂y 2 ∂x∂y
Figure 1
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Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs
• Where w = the external load per unit area • So according to the lower bound theorem, any
• mx, my = Bending Moments per unit width in combination of mx, my, and mxy that satisfies
the x and y directions and the equilibrium at all points in the slab and
• mxy = the twisting moment that meets boundary conditions is a valid
solution, provided that the reinforcement is
placed to carry these moments

Dr.-Ing. Girma Zerayohannes 13 Dr.-Ing. Girma Zerayohannes 14

Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs
• The basis for the simple strip method is that • This equation can be split conveniently into
the torsional moment is chosen equal to zero; two parts, representing twist less beam strip
no load is assumed to be resisted by the action.
twisting strength of the slab ∂ 2 mx
→ mxy = 0 = −kw
∂x 2
• The equilibrium equation then reduces to:
2
∂ 2 my
∂ 2 mx ∂ m y − = −(1 − k ) w
+ = −w ∂y 2
∂x 2 ∂y 2
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Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs
• Where the proportion of load taken by the • 2.3 Choice of load distribution
strips is k in the x-direction and (1-k) in the y- • Theoretically, the load w can be divided
direction (concept of load dispersion)
arbitrarily b/n x and y directions.
• In many regions in slabs, the value k will be
either 0 or 1, i.e., load is dispersed by strips in • Different divisions will, of course, lead to
x or in y direction different patterns of reinforcement, and all
• In other regions, it may be reasonable to will not be equally appropriate.
assume that the load is divided equally in the
two directions, i.e. k=0.5

Dr.-Ing. Girma Zerayohannes 17 Dr.-Ing. Girma Zerayohannes 18

Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs
• The desired goal is to arrive at an arrangement 1. Square slabs with simple support
of steel that is safe and economical and will • To see an example of the strip method and to
avoid problems at service load level illustrate the choices open to the designer,
associated with excessive cracking or consider the square, simply supported slab
deflections. shown below, with side length a and a uniformly
• In general, the designer may be guided by his distributed factored load w per unit area.
knowledge of the general distribution of • The simplest load distribution is obtained by
elastic moments. setting k=0.5 over the entire slab, as shown in
Figure 2.
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Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs
• The load on all strips in each direction is thus
w/2 ( with k=0.5), as illustrated by the load
dispersion arrows
• This gives maximum design moments mx = my
= wa2/16, implying a constant curvature for all
strips in the x-direction at mid-span
corresponding to a constant moment wa2/16
across the width of the slab (see fig. 2)
Figure 2
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Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs
• The same applies for y-direction strips
• It is recognized however that the curvatures in
the strips (say x-direction strips) near the
supports, for such a slab, are less than near mid-
span. (See next slide)
• If the slab were reinforced according to this
solution, extensive redistribution of moments
would be required, certainly accompanied by
much cracking in the highly stressed regions near
the middle of the slab

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Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs
• So what we need is a type of load distribution
(dispersion) which can give a moment
distribution that gives rise to greater
curvatures in strips near the middle of the slab
and less near the ends. ( See previous Slide)
• Try the alternative, more reasonable
distribution shown in Figure 3 next slide.

Figure 3
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Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs
• Here the regions of different load dispersion • The lateral distribution of
moments shown in Fig (3)
separated by the dash-doted discontinuity would theoretically require a
lines follow the diagonals, and all of the load continuously variable bar
on any region is carried in the direction giving spacing → impractical
the shortest distance to the nearest support. • A practical solution would be
to reinforce for the average
• k=0 or 1 in the different regions moment over a certain width,
approximating the actual
lateral variation in a stepwise
manner.

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Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs
• Hillerborg notes that this is not strictly in • A third alternative is with discontinuity lines
accordance with the equilibrium theory and parallel to the edges.
that the design is no longer certainly on the • Here again the division is made so that the
safe side, but other conservative assumptions, load is carried to the nearest support, as
e.g., neglect of membrane strength in the slab before, but load near the diagonals is divided
or strain hardening of the reinforcement, with one-half taken in each direction.
would compensate for the slight reduction in • Thus k is given the values 0 or 1 along the
safety margin. middle edges and 0.5 in the corners and
center of the slab

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Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs
• Two different strip loadings are now
identified, strip along A-A and along B-B.
• This design leads to practical arrangement,
one with constant spacing through the center
strip of width a/2 and a wider spacing through
the outer strips, where the elastic curvatures
and moments are known to be less. (see next
slide)

Figure 4 Dr.-Ing. Girma Zerayohannes 31 Dr.-Ing. Girma Zerayohannes 32

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Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs
• The averaging of moments necessitated in the
second solution is avoided here, and the 3rd
(Fig. 4) solution is fully consistent with the
equilibrium theory.
• The three examples also illustrate the simple
way in which moments in the slab can be
found by strip method, based on familiar
beam analysis.

Dr.-Ing. Girma Zerayohannes 33 Dr.-Ing. Girma Zerayohannes 34

Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs
• It is important to note too that the load on the 2. Rectangular slabs with simple support
supporting beams is easily found because it • Assumption is that most of the load will be
can be computed from the end reactions of transferred in the shorter direction. i.e. It is
the slab-beam strips in all cases. consistent with elastic theory.
• Also longitudinal bars are expensive than transverse
bars of same spacing and size.
• Therefore, discontinuity lines parallel to the edges as
shown in the figure 5 depending on ration of short to
longer sides is selected. ( see next slide)

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Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs
• Instead of using solution in previous slide which
require continuously varying reinforcement,
Hillerborg suggested the distribution as shown on
the next slide.

Figure 5 Rectangular slab with discontinuity

lines originating at the corners.
Dr.-Ing. Girma Zerayohannes 38

Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs
• In the x-direction:
• Side strips: mx = w/2×b/4×b/8 = wb2/64
• Middle strips: mx = w×b/4×b/8 = wb2/32
• In the y-direction
• Side strips: my = wb2/64
• Middle strips: my = wb2/8
Figure 6 Rectangular slab with discontinuity
lines parallel to the edges
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Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs
• Design the rectangular slab using the strip
method for slabs
• Use a=6.0 m, b= 4.5 m, t = 150 mm, C-25
concrete and S-300 reinforcing steel.
• Compare the results with the solution using
the coefficients in EBCS-2
• Take variable load q = 3.0 kN/m2
• Floor finish-30 mm screed and 20mm thick
marble
Dr.-Ing. Girma Zerayohannes 41

Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs
• According to Strip Method • Strip 3
• Loading my = wb2/8 = 28.5kNm
1.3*(0.15*25+0.03*23+.02*27) + 1.6*(3) = 11.27 • Strip 4
kN/m2
my = wb2/64 = 3.56kNm
• Strip 1
mx = w×b/4×b/8 = wb2/32 = 7.13kNm
• Strip 2
mx = w/2×b/4×b/8 = wb2/64 = 3.56kNm

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Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs
• According to EBCS 2-1995 2.5 Fixed Edges and Continuity
• Loading • Up to now we have dealt with positive
1.3*(0.15*25+0.03*23+.02*27) + 1.6*(3) = 11.27 moments in strips, where a large amount of
kN/m2 flexibility in assigning loads to the various
ly/lx = 1.33, Type 9 regions of the slab was provided
αxf = 0.0828, Mx = 0.081*4.5*4.5*11.27 = • This same flexibility extends to the assignment
18.89 kNm of moments b/n negative and positive
αyf = 0.056, My = 0.056*4.5*4.5*11.27 = bending sections of slabs that are fixed or
12.78 kNm continuous over their supported edges

Dr.-Ing. Girma Zerayohannes 46

Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs
• Some attention should be paid to elastic moment
ratios to avoid problems with cracking and
deflection at service loads
• Figure 7 (next slide) shows a uniformly loaded
rectangular slab having two adjacent edges fixed
and the other two edges simply supported
• Let us consider slab strips with one end fixed and
one end simply supported as shown in Fig. 7
Figure 7

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Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs
• In designing by strip method, slab strips • The sum of absolute values of span and
carrying loads only near supports and support moment (left or right) end depends
unloaded in the central region are only on the condition at respective end and is
encountered equal to the support moment if the strip
• It is convenient if the unloaded region is carries the load as cantilever.
subject to a constant moment (and zero • Thus this moment is known as cantilever
shear) because this simplifies the selection of moment.
positive reinforcement


 
 
2

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Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs
• Thus to calculate moments for design, one • The discontinuity lines are shifted to account
should calculate this cantilever moment, for the greater stiffness of the strips with fixed
selects the span moment and calculates the ends (i.e. bigger reaction at the fixed support)
support moment. • Their location is defined by a coefficient α,
• Hillerborg suggested for fixed edges, the with a value less than 0.5, so that the edge
support moments should be about 1.5 – 2.5 strips have widths greater and less than b/4 at
times the span moment. the fixed and simple end respectively

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Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs
• For a BMD for x-direction middle strips • Now, the support moment becomes
(section A-A) with constant moment over the  

unloaded part, the following maximum
 
 
  1  α  α
8 8
moments are achieved 

  (1  2α)
8
α α 

   α • The ratio of the negative to positive moment
2 4 8
becomes
• And the cantilever moment
  
 (1  2α)
 

  1  α 1α  1α
 α
 

Dr.-Ing. Girma Zerayohannes 53 Dr.-Ing. Girma Zerayohannes 54

Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs
• Hillerborg notes that as a general rule for fixed • Determine moments in the y-direction middle
edges, the support moment should be about strip
1.5 to 2.5 times the span moment in the same • It is reasonable to choose the same ratio b/n
strip. support and span moments in the y-direction
• For mxs/mxf =2.0 → α = 0.366 as in the x-direction.
• Determine moment in the x-direction edge • To achieve this, choose the distance from the
strips → They are half middle strip values right support to maximum moment section as
αb

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Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs
• The positive moment, • So the ratio of negative to positive moment is as
before
 (1  2α)
 

  α
 α
2
• Then cantilever moment, • Determine moment in the y-direction edge strips,
they are 1/8th of the middle strip
1α 


  1  α   1α  
2 2
  α ,
  (1  2α)
16 16
• Then the support moment becomes, • With the above expressions, all the design
moments for the slab can be found once a

   suitable value for α is chosen

  1  α  α  (1  2α)
2 2 2
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Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs
• 0.35≤α≤0.39 give corresponding ratios of • For a slab with one edge unsupported, a
Negative to positive moments from 2.45 to reasonable basis for analysis by the simple
1.45 strip method is that a strip along the
2.6 Unsupported Edges unsupported edge takes a greater load per
• The real power of the strip method becomes unit area than the actual load acting, i.e., that
evident when dealing with nonstandard the strip along the unsupported edge acts as a
problems, such as with unsupported edge, support for the strips at right angles.
slabs with holes, or slabs with reentrant
corners (L-shaped)

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Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs
• Such strips have been referred to as “strong • Consider the rectangular slab carrying a
bands”. uniformly distributed ultimate load w with
• A strong band is, in effect, an integral beam, fixed edges along three side and no support
usually having the same total depth as the along one short side, shown in Figure 8.
remainder of the slab but containing a
concentration of reinforcement.
• The strip may be made deeper than the rest of
the slab to increase its carrying capacity, but
this will not usually be necessary

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Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs

Figure 8 Figure 8

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Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs
• The following are observed: • ΣM about the left end (with moments +ve
clockwise and with the unknown support
• Discontinuity lines are chosen as shown moment mxs acting clockwise)
• The load on a unit middle strip in the x–   

  − − = 0 , !"#
$%&$
direction, includes the downward load in the 32 4 8
region adjacent to the fixed left edge and an 1 + 32
 /
=
upward reaction kw in the region adjacent to 8 ⁄ − 1
• k will be known once mxs is selected
the free edge
• Selection of mxs will depend on the shape of the
slab.

Dr.-Ing. Girma Zerayohannes 65 Dr.-Ing. Girma Zerayohannes 66

Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs
• If a is large relative to b, the strong band in the • If the slab is nearly square, the deflection of
y-direction at the edge will be relatively stiff, the strong band would tend to increase the
and the moment at the left support of the x- support moment; a value about half the free
direction strips will approach the elastic value cantilever moment might be selected
for a propped cantilever • With mxs selected and k calculated from the
above equation, the max span moment is
determined

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Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs
 8

 = ( − 3 + ) • myf + mys = myf + 2myf = wb2/8
32 
• Determine moments in the x direction edge • → myf = wb2/24 and mys = wb2/12
strips → They are one-half those in middle • Determine moments in y-direction strip adjacent
strip to the fixed edge
• In the y direction middle strip, the cantilever • → It is one-eighth the middle strip values (check)
moment is wb2/8
• In the y-dir strip along the free edge, moments
• Adopting a ratio of support to span moment
can, with slight conservatism, be made equal to
of 2 results in support and span moments,
(1+k) times y-dir middle strip values
respectively, of
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Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs
• Consider the slab with free edge along the
longer side, significant amount of load will be
transferred perpendicular to the longer side.
• A strong band of width βb is selected such
that limitation to tensile reinforcement ratio in
the strong band.

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Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs
• For Y direction strip, 2.7 Slabs with Holes
1

 + )  1 − β  −  β 1 −
β
=0
• Slabs with small openings can usually be
2 2 designed as if there were no openings,
• From which replacing the interrupted steel with bands of
rebar of equivalent area on either side of the
) 1 − β + 2
 / opening in each direction.
 =
β(2 − β) • Smaller dimensions are those needed to
• mys could be taken as ½ free cantilever accommodate heating, plumbing and
moment ventilating risers, etc.

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Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs
• Larger size holes are required by stairways and • The following simple rule is recommended:
elevator shafts • The approximate approach may be used if the opening
• Slabs with larger openings must be treated more can be inscribed in a square with side equal to 0.2 times
rigorously the smallest span in the slab.
• The most significant question is how much the • It may, however, not be used for corner-supported
elements, or for openings close to a free edge or in areas
opening is estimated to change the static behavior of
where torsional moments play an important role.
the slab, in particular the static behavior in the
• It cannot be proved by means of the strip method that
vicinity of the opening.
this rule always leads to safe results but for practical
point of view it seems satisfactory.

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Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs
• The strip method offers a rational and safe basis for • In general, these integral beams should be
design in such cases. Integral load-carrying beams chosen so as to carry the loads most directly
(strong bands) are provided along the edges of the to the supported edges of the slab.
opening, usually having the same depth as the
remainder of the slab but with extra reinforcement, • The width of the strong bands should be
to pick up the load from the affected regions and selected so that the steel ratios are at or
transmit it to the supports. below the maximum for beams.

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Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs

Figure . Simply Supported Slab Figure . Simply Supported Slab

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Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs
• Example: Rectangular slab with central • Devise an appropriate system of strong bands
opening to reinforce the opening, and determine
moments to be resisted at all critical sections
• Figure shows a 5m×8m slab with fixed of the slab
supports along four sides. A central opening
• Discontinuity lines for the basic slab (w/o
1.2m×2.4m must be accommodated. hole) are first chosen and the moments
Estimated slab thickness is 200 mm. The slab determined which are used as a guide in
is to carry a uniformly distributed factored selecting moments for the actual slab with
load of 15kN/m2 including self weight. hole

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Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs
• Edge strips are defined having width equal to
5/4 = 1.25m
• In the central region, 100% of the load is
assigned to the y direction
• Moments of the basic case w/o hole will be
calculated and later used as a guide in
selecting moments for the actual slab with
hole. A ratio of support to span moments of
2.0 will be used generally

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Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs

Moments for the slab w/o is:  Y direction middle strips
 x direction middle strips: • Cantilever → my = wb2/8= 15×52/8=46.88
• Cantilever → mx = wb2/32 = 5×52/32=11.72 kNm/m
kNm/m • negative → mys = 46.88×2/3=31.25 kNm/m
• Negative → mxs = 11.72×2/3 = 7.81 kNm/m • positive → myf = 46.88×1/3=15.63 kNm/m
• positive → mxf = 11.72×1/3 = 3.91 kNm/m • Y direction edge strips are 1/8 middle strip
• X direction edge strips are ½ middle strips values

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Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs
• Because of the hole, certain strips lack
support at one end. To support them, 0.3m
wide strong bands will be provided in the x
direction at the long edges of the hole and 0.6
m wide strong bands in the y direction on
each side of the hole.
• The y dir bands will provide for the reactions
of the x dir bands.

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Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs
• With the distribution of loads shown in figure, • The negative value indicates that the
strip reactions and moments are found as cantilever strips are serving as supports for
follows: strip DD, and in turn for the strong bands in
• Strip A-A: Assuming propped cantilever action the y-direction, which is hardly a reasonable
with the restraint moment along the slab edge assumption.
taken as 31.25kNm • Hillerborg notes that the restraint moment
1.6
should stay as close to the basic value” w/o w1
31.25  ) 0.3 1.75  15
2
0 being negative
• → w1=-7.95 kN/m • →w1=0 (cantilever alone)

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Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs
• Note: with w1 = 0 chosen • Strip B-B:
→-kw = 0 → k=0 → • mxs = 7.81 kNm/m (basic value) →
→loading on the strong band 7.81+w2(0.6)(2.5)-15(1.25)2/2 = 0 → w2=2.61
→= (1+k)w = w = 15 KN/m2 kN/m
• Now mys = 15(1.6)2/2 = -19.2 kNm/m

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Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs
• Because of the positive reaction by the strong • → load dispersed in strong band in y-dir near
band the load dispersed in the y direction the edge: (1+k/2)w = (1.087)15=16.31 kN/m2
must be greater than 15 kN/m2 • Determine max span moment:
• Determine k • Shear is zero at: 15x = 0.6(2.61)→ x = 0.1m
• -kw = -15k = -2.61 kN/m2 → k=0.174 • mxf = 0.6(2.61)(0.3+0.95+0.1)-15(0.1)2/2 = 2.04
• → load dispersed in strong band in y-dir in the kNm/m
middle: (1+k)w = (1.174)15=17.61 kN/m2

Dr.-Ing. Girma Zerayohannes 93 Dr.-Ing. Girma Zerayohannes 94

Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs
• Strip C-C:
• Negative and positive moments and the
reaction to be provided by strip C-C, are al
one-half the corresponding values for strip B-
B.
• Strip D-D:
• The 0.3m wide strip carries 15kN/m2 in the x-
direction with reactions provided by the
strong bands E-E (loading 15×0.3 = 4.5 kN/m)
Point of zero shear x = 0.1m
Dr.-Ing. Girma Zerayohannes 95 Dr.-Ing. Girma Zerayohannes 96

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Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs
• (we×0.6)×2 = 4.5×2.4 → we= 9.0 kN/m (over a • Strip E-E:
0.3 m wide strip) • Direct load dispersed (1+k)w and (1+k/2)w are
• mxf = 9(0.6)(1.2+0.3)-4.5(1.2)/2 = 8.1 – 3.24 = 17.61 and 16.31 kN/m2 respectively
4.86 kNm/(0.3m width) • Reactions from strong bands D-D is 9.0 kN/m
over 0.3 m width or 9/0.3 = 30 kN/m2→
30×0.6 = 18 kN/m over 0.6 m wide strip
• 17.61×0.6 = 10.566 kN/m over 0.6 m wide
strip
• 16.31×0.6 = 9.786 kN/m over 0.6 m wide strip
Dr.-Ing. Girma Zerayohannes 97 Dr.-Ing. Girma Zerayohannes 98

Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs Chapter 2- Strip Method for Slabs
• Determine moments: • Reference
• Cantilever→ 9.786(2.5)2/2+(10.566- • Nilson and Winter, 14th edition or newer
9.786)(1.25)(1.25+0.625)+18(0.3)(1.6+0.15) =
41.86 kNm (per 0.6 m width)
• Negative: → mys = 41.86(2/3) = 27.911 kNm
(per 0.6 m width)
• positive: → myf = 41.86(1/3) = 13.95 kNm (per
0.6 m width)

Dr.-Ing. Girma Zerayohannes 99 Dr.-Ing. Girma Zerayohannes 100

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