Engineering

Standards
Engineering Standard Number
Name FOLLOWER,CAM

CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION 18298

Identifier
(ITEM)

Abstract

The purpose of this standard is to define cam follower manufacturing (machining and assembly)
procedures. This standard is a collection of lessons learned from experiences with all Cummins’
engine platforms and applies to pushtube and overhead cam followers and roller tappets. These
items do not describe the complete process for the manufacturing of the product. Rather, this
document is a limited list, defining potential failure modes and suggesting preventative measures
to circumvent those issues. The supplier is encouraged to include additional items that characterize
their specific process. These shall be addressed in the supplier’s process documentation, Process
Failures Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA), and control plans.

Current Release Number Std. Revision Level

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 Engineering
Standards
Engineering Standard Number
Name FOLLOWER,CAM

CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION 18298

Identifier
(ITEM)

Table of Contents

Heading Page Number

Abstract ..............................................................................................................................1
Table of Contents ...............................................................................................................2
1. Scope ..............................................................................................................................3
2. Applicable Documents ...................................................................................................3
3. Definitions ......................................................................................................................3
Figure 1: Examples of Oscillating Roller Follower, Overhead Cam Follower ............4
4. History ............................................................................................................................5
Figure 2: Debris Found at the Pin/Roller Interface, Causing Failure ...........................5
Figure 3: Damage Due to Incorrect Pin Orientation and Lack of Oil Supply ..............6
Figure 4: Axial Scoring of the Follower Pin from Improper Installation.....................6
5. Specification ...................................................................................................................7
5.1. Control Plans and Process Procedure ....................................................................7
5.2. Lessons Learned ....................................................................................................7
5.3. Audit Requirement.................................................................................................7
Table 1: Example for Documenting the Supplier Response.........................................8
5.4. Column Descriptions .............................................................................................9
Table 2: Ranking Scale Taken From SAE J1739 .........................................................9
6. Machining.....................................................................................................................11
6.1. Follower/Tappet Pin Bore....................................................................................11
6.2. Oil Drillings .........................................................................................................12
6.3. Machined Follower ..............................................................................................16
6.4. Machined Follower, Pin, Roller, Bushing, Adjusting Screw, Sockets ................18
7. Assembly ......................................................................................................................20
7.1. Roller Pin-Roller Follower Joint..........................................................................20
7.2. Roll Pin/Follower Leg/Pin Joint ..........................................................................24
7.3. Ball Plug/Follower Joint ......................................................................................24
7.4. Bushing/ Follower Joint.......................................................................................27
7.5. Adjusting Screw/Hex Nut/ Follower Joint...........................................................28
7.6. Socket/Tappet Joint..............................................................................................29
7.7. Full Follower Assembly.......................................................................................31

Current Release Number Std. Revision Level

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or electronic form, reproduced by any means, or used for any purpose without written consent of Cummins Inc.
 Engineering
Standards
Engineering Standard Number
Name FOLLOWER,CAM

CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION 18298

Identifier
(ITEM)

1. Scope
The purpose of this standard is to define cam follower manufacturing (machining and assembly)
procedures. This standard is a collection of lessons learned from experiences with all Cummins’
engine platforms and applies to pushtube and overhead cam followers and roller tappets. These
items do not describe the complete process for the manufacturing of the product. Rather, this
document is a limited list, defining potential failure modes and suggesting preventative measures
to circumvent those issues. The supplier is encouraged to include additional items that characterize
their specific process. These shall be addressed in the supplier’s process documentation, Process
Failures Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA), and control plans.

2. Applicable Documents
Applicable documents listed below may be obtained from the respective organization listed in
CES 10054, Standards Organizations Addresses.

a. CES 10054, Standards Organizations Addresses

b. CES 10056, Glossary
c. CES 16114, Magnetism, Residual
d. CES 16233, Cleanliness, Millipore
e. CES 16599, Cleanliness, Millipore (Fuel Systems)
f. CES 20050, Solvent Disp. Preservative
g. SAE J1739, Potential Failure Mode and Effects Analysis in Design

3. Definitions
Terms used in this standard that have a general definition for usage in Cummins Engineering
Standards are defined in CES 10056, Glossary.

3.1. Cam Follower

A cam follower translates the shape of the camshaft lobe, via direct contact with the camshaft lobe,
into rectilinear or oscillatory motion to actuate engine valves, fuel injectors and engine brake.

Current Release Number Std. Revision Level

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 Engineering
Standards
Engineering Standard Number
Name FOLLOWER,CAM

CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION 18298

Identifier
(ITEM)

3.2. Oscillating Roller Follower with Pushtube

An oscillating roller follower with pushtube oscillates around a cam follower shaft that is attached
to the cylinder block. The follower is in contact with the camshaft which is located in the cylinder
block. This follower utilizes a pushtube/pushrod and rocker lever system to actuate the engine
valves, fuel injector and engine brake. The assembly typically consists of a lever, roller, pin, split
pin/lockwire and pushtube socket.

3.3. Overhead Cam Follower

An overhead cam follower oscillates around a cam follower shaft that is attached to the cylinder
head and is in contact with a camshaft that is also located in the cylinder head. The assembly
typically consists of a lever, roller, pin, split pin/lockwire and adjusting screw.

3.4. Roller Tappet

A roller tappet translates within a bore in the cylinder block and is in contact with a camshaft which
is also located in the cylinder block. This follower utilizes a pushtube/pushrod and rocker lever
system to actuate the engine valves, fuel injector and engine brake. The assembly typically consists
of a tappet body, roller, pin, split pin/lockwire and pushtube socket.

Figure 1: Examples of Oscillating Roller Follower, Overhead Cam Follower

and Roller Tappet with Cam Lobe

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 Engineering
Standards
Engineering Standard Number
Name FOLLOWER,CAM

CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION 18298

Identifier
(ITEM)

4. History
In the past, many cam follower suppliers have overlooked basic manufacturing practices which
affect component performance. This document captures that fundamental knowledge. It was
developed by a cross-functional team, consisting of engineers, quality advisors, metallurgical
experts, manufacturing representatives, purchasing managers, and suppliers’ technical
representatives.

Figure 2: Debris Found at the Pin/Roller Interface, Causing Failure

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 Engineering
Standards
Engineering Standard Number
Name FOLLOWER,CAM

CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION 18298

Identifier
(ITEM)

Figure 3: Damage Due to Incorrect Pin Orientation and Lack of Oil Supply

Figure 4: Axial Scoring of the Follower Pin from Improper Installation

Current Release Number Std. Revision Level

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 Engineering
Standards
Engineering Standard Number
Name FOLLOWER,CAM

CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION 18298

Identifier
(ITEM)

5. Specification
5.1. Control Plans and Process Procedure

5.1.1. All procedures for machining and assembly shall be recorded in the supplier’s process
documentation and control plans. This includes procedures for any backup process prepared in the
event an automated system breaks down.

5.1.2. All of these procedures, including any backup and rework processes, shall be approved
through the Production Part Approval Process (PPAP) by Cummins’ Supplier Quality
Improvement Engineering (SQIE) before parts are accepted. This includes any special
requirements that a particular procedure needs.

5.1.3. Although various optional processes are discussed in this document, switching among
these processes for a given component or assembly shall not be done without prior approval from
the affected Product Engineering department of Cummins Inc.

5.2. Lessons Learned

The following section contains information gained from experience with multiple cam follower
designs and suppliers. It does not address every process required to produce the final product, but
constitutes a limited list of potential failure modes and suggested preventative measures to
circumvent these issues. It is in a modified process-FMEA format. The “Potential Effects of
Failures” and “Severity” columns are relative to the operation of the finished component in an
engine. The supplier shall incorporate this information in their process development activities. The
supplier’s Process-FMEA and control plans shall include specific line items addressing the
relevant issues. Recording certain process parameters will aid in controlling the manufacturing
operation, as well as maintaining a high quality part. For the parameters listed in the table,
documentation is required. However, it is not a comprehensive list. Suppliers are encouraged to
include detailed process information which is specific to their manufacturing operation.

5.3. Audit Requirement

Cummins SQIE shall use the following format to document a supplier response in order to audit a
supplier. The supplier shall produce a format similar to this in order to respond to each feature/
process. This document shall also be included in PPAP submittals.

Current Release Number Std. Revision Level

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or electronic form, reproduced by any means, or used for any purpose without written consent of Cummins Inc.
 Engineering
Standards
Engineering Standard Number
Name FOLLOWER,CAM

CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION 18298

Identifier
(ITEM)

5.3.1. The supplier is to fill out the Supplier Response column as such:

a. Treat each distinct Feature and Process as an item.

b. For each item define the location of where the information can be found in the control plan,
Process/FMEA, operation number, and/process documentation.

5.3.2. This document shall be considered a controlled record.

5.3.3. The Cummins SQIE shall audit the supplier response form periodically as determined
between the supplier and Cummins SQIE.

Table 1: Example for Documenting the Supplier Response

Feature Process Supplier Response

1. Follower/Tappet Pin Bore a. Chamfer Process documentation for Operation 50

defines the tool maintenance/inspection for
the automatic chamfer tool. The Control
plan for Operation 50 documents the part
inspection.

b. Tool Retraction Control Plan for Operation 50 defines part

inspection and process documentation
defines tool/machine inspection.
c. Deburr Process Documentation at Operation 100
defines tool maintenance and inspection.
Control Plan and PFMEA defines inspec-
tion of part.

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or electronic form, reproduced by any means, or used for any purpose without written consent of Cummins Inc.
 Engineering
Standards
Engineering Standard Number
Name FOLLOWER,CAM

CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION 18298

Identifier
(ITEM)

5.4. Column Descriptions

a. Feature: Isolates the specific part/assembly of component(s) in question.

b. Process: Identifies the particular machining/assembly operation in question.
c. Potential Failure Mode: Identifies what can go wrong with that certain process.
d. Potential Effects of Failures: Effects of the failure mode once the component/assembly is
active with engine operation. This mode is seen by the end customer.
e. Severity: Relative ranking taking into consideration what the potential issue could do once
installed into an operating engine. See Table 2: Ranking Scale Taken From SAE J1739 on
page 9:
f. Cummins’ Learnings: Suggestions for the process to prevent failure modes identified.

Table 2: Ranking Scale Taken From SAE J1739

Effect Criteria: Severity of Effect Ranking

Hazardous with- Very high severity ranking when a potential failure mode affects 10
out warning safe vehicle operation and/or involves noncompliance with gov-
ernment regulation without warning.
Hazardous with Very high severity ranking when a potential failure mode affects 9
warning safe vehicle operation and/or involves noncompliance with gov-
ernment regulation with warning.
Very High Vehicle/item inoperable (loss of primary function). 8
High Vehicle/item operable but at reduced level of performance. Cus- 7
tomer very dissatisfied.
Moderate Vehicle/item operable, but Comfort/Convenience item(s) inop- 6
erable. Customer dissatisfied.
Low Vehicle/item operable, but Comfort/Convenience item(s) opera- 5
ble at a reduced level of performance. Customer somewhat dis-
satisfied.

Current Release Number Std. Revision Level

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 Engineering
Standards
Engineering Standard Number
Name FOLLOWER,CAM

CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION 18298

Identifier
(ITEM)

Table 2: Ranking Scale Taken From SAE J1739 (Continued)

Effect Criteria: Severity of Effect Ranking

Very Low Fit & Finish/Squeak & Rattle item does not conform. Defect 4
noticed by most customers (greater than 75%).
Minor Fit & Finish/Squeak & Rattle Item does not conform. Defect 3
noticed by 50% of customers.
Very Minor Fit & Finish/Squeak & Rattle item does not conform. Defect 2
noticed by discriminating customers (less than 25%).
None No discernible effect. 1

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 Engineering
Standards
Name FOLLOWER,CAM Engineering Standard Number

18298
Identifier CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION
(ITEM)

Feature Process Potential Failure Mode Potential Effects of Failures Severity Cummins’ Learnings

6. Machining
This section assumes that the follower casting or forging for machining meet print specification.

6.1. Follower/Tappet a. Chamfer Too Deep Cause leak at pin-follower joint. 7 1. Positive results have been obtained by utilizing
Pin Bore automated processes.
Too Shallow Cause scoring on pin during assembly into 7 2. Process documentation for this feature shall include tool
follower. identification, inspection, tool set-up, standard operating
process and back-up procedure.
Uneven Difficulty with installation into follower. 7
Cause scoring/deformation of pin during
assembly.

b. Tool Retraction Grooves/Indications after Lead to oil leaks or physical damage to 7 Inspect tooling during scheduled maintenance
machining mating parts (e.g. pin scoring)

c. Deburr Burrs Cause scoring on pin during assembly into 7 1. Deburring shall be completed prior to final wash.
follower. 2. Thermal deburr should be considered as one alternative,
especially for steel forged followers which are prone to
dangling burrs. Any supplier which implements the use of
thermal deburr in their process shall have access to
metallurgical expertise for checks on hardness, cracks,
etc. Part dimensional checks are required.
3. Process documentation for this operation(s) shall record
all key process parameters including, but not limited to:
• Tool/Media Identification
• Processing/Media Time
• Temperature
• Tool Preventative Maintenance and Inspection

Debris in pin/roller interface Roller is difficult to turn. May lead to 7 See Section 6.1. Follower/Tappet Pin Bore on page 11,
roller skidding on camshaft surface. item c. for learnings regarding this potential failure mode.

Current Release Number Std. Revision Level

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written consent of Cummins Inc.
 Engineering
Standards
Name FOLLOWER,CAM Engineering Standard Number

18298
Identifier CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION
(ITEM)

Feature Process Potential Failure Mode Potential Effects of Failures Severity Cummins’ Learnings

6.2. Oil Drillings a. Chamfer/ Too Deep Cause oil leak or loose/non-installed ball 6 1. Positive results have been obtained by utilizing
Counter-Bore/ plug. automated process.
Corner-Break 2. Process documentation for this feature shall include, but
not be limited to:
• tool identification
• standard process
• back-up procedure

Too Shallow Lack proper lead in and cause difficulty 4 See Section 6.2. Oil Drillings on page 12, item a.
with ball plug insertion during assembly.

Uneven Cause oil leak or loose/non-installed ball 6 See Section 6.2. Oil Drillings on page 12, item a. for learn-
plug. May lack proper lead in and cause ings regarding this potential failure mode
difficulty with ball plug insertion during
assembly.

b. Tool Retraction Marks/Indications after Lead to oil leaks. 4 No learnings to report. Section shall be updated once expe-
machining rience with this item exists.

Current Release Number Std. Revision Level

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written consent of Cummins Inc.
 Engineering
Standards
Name FOLLOWER,CAM Engineering Standard Number

18298
Identifier CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION
(ITEM)

Feature Process Potential Failure Mode Potential Effects of Failures Severity Cummins’ Learnings

c. Deburr Burrs Cause scoring on pin or bushing during 7 1. Deburring shall be completed prior to final wash.
assembly into follower. Can also cause 2. Thermal deburr should be considered as one alternative,
difficulty with assembly of adjusting especially for steel forged followers which are prone to
screw into follower by shaving material dangling burrs. Any supplier which implements the use of
away from the threads of the screw. Con- thermal deburr in their process shall have access to
sequently, these shavings may be intro- metallurgical expertise for checks on hardness, cracks,
duced into the oil drilling(s). etc. Part dimensional checks are required.
3. T-handled drills or reamers have been proven effective
for hand deburring intersecting oil drillings. When using
T-handled drills or reamers, be sure they remain sharp
and properly sized. Tools used shall be approved by
Cummins and resulting parts shall meet their print
specifications.
4. Process documentation for this operation(s) shall record
all key process parameters including, but not limited to:
• Tool/Media Identification
• Processing/Media Time
• Temperature
• Tool Preventative Maintenance and Identification

Debris in pin/roller interface Roller is difficult to turn. May lead to 7 See Section 6.2. Oil Drillings on page 12, item c. for learn-
roller skidding on camshaft surface ings regarding this potential failure mode.

Blockage of Oil Flow Pin/Roller Interface: Roller is difficult to 8 See Section 6.2. Oil Drillings on page 12, item c. for learn-
turn. Will lead to roller skidding on cam- ings regarding this potential failure mode.
shaft surface.
Adjusting Screw Ball/Socket Interface:
Cause wear of ball/socket interface. Could
lead to further valve or injector train dam-
age.

Current Release Number Std. Revision Level

032021-032 000 Page 13 of 33
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written consent of Cummins Inc.
 Engineering
Standards
Name FOLLOWER,CAM Engineering Standard Number

18298
Identifier CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION
(ITEM)

Feature Process Potential Failure Mode Potential Effects of Failures Severity Cummins’ Learnings

d. Brush Oil Burrs Cause scoring on pin or bushing during 7 1. To minimize broken bristles in oil passages, brushes shall
Drillings assembly into follower. Can also cause be kept on a regular preventative maintenance schedule,
difficulty with assembly of adjusting inspected daily for good condition.
screw into follower by shaving material 2. It is important that the brush diameter be larger than the
away from the threads of the screw. Con- diameter of the oil passage.
sequently, these shavings may be intro- 3. A borescope and/or small tip flashlight shall be used to
duced into the oil drilling(s). verify the cleanliness of oil drillings and absence of burrs
at blind drilling intersections. Frequency of this
inspection shall be specified in process documentation.
4. Process documentation for this operation(s) shall record
all key process parameters including, but not limited to:
• Brush Identification
• Brush Preventative Maintenance and Inspection
• Borescope and/or small tip flashlight inspection fre-
quency

Debris in pin/roller interface Roller is difficult to turn. May lead to 7 See Section 6.2. Oil Drillings on page 12, item d. for learn-
roller skidding on camshaft surface. ings regarding this potential failure mode.

Blockage of Oil Flow Pin/Roller Interface: Roller is difficult to 8 See Section 6.2. Oil Drillings on page 12, item d. for learn-
turn. Will lead to roller skidding on cam- ings regarding this potential failure mode.
shaft surface.
Adjusting Screw Ball/Socket Interface:
Cause wear of ball/socket interface. Could
lead to further valve or injector train dam-
age.

Debris in Adjusting Screw Cause wear of ball/socket interface. Could 6 See Section 6.2. Oil Drillings on page 12, item d. for learn-
Ball/Socket Interface lead to further valve or injector train dam- ings regarding this potential failure mode.
age.

Current Release Number Std. Revision Level

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written consent of Cummins Inc.
 Engineering
Standards
Name FOLLOWER,CAM Engineering Standard Number

18298
Identifier CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION
(ITEM)

Feature Process Potential Failure Mode Potential Effects of Failures Severity Cummins’ Learnings

e. Flush Burrs Cause scoring on pin or bushing during 7 1. Pressurized flushing of the oil drillings prior to final wash
assembly into follower. and assembly is essential to maintaining debris-free parts.
Can also cause difficulty with assembly of This also presents an ideal opportunity for checking for
adjusting screw into follower by shaving correct drillings, with proper intersections and no
material away from the threads of the blockage due to broken drills or packed debris.
screw. Consequently, these shavings may 2. Heated media may provide better results for flushing,
be introduced into the oil drilling(s). especially if oil-based coolants are used in prior
operations.
3. Process documentation for this operation(s) shall record
all key process parameters including, but not limited to:
• fluid type/concentration
• pressure
• temperature
• fluid filtration information (e.g., type of filter media,
flow rates, change frequency)

Debris in pin/roller interface Roller is difficult to turn. May lead to 7 See Section 6.2. Oil Drillings on page 12, item e. for learn-
roller skidding on camshaft surface. ings regarding this potential failure mode.

Debris in Adjusting Screw Cause wear of ball/socket interface. Could 6 See Section 6.2. Oil Drillings on page 12, item e. for learn-
Ball/Socket Interface lead to further valve or injector train dam- ings regarding this potential failure mode.
age.

Blockage of Oil Flow Pin/Roller Interface: Roller is difficult to 8 See Section 6.2. Oil Drillings on page 12, item e. for learn-
turn. Will lead to roller skidding on cam- ings regarding this potential failure mode. Pin installation
shaft surface. fixture or tools shall not damage roller.
Adjusting Screw Ball/Socket Interface:
Cause wear of ball/socket interface. Could
lead to further valve or injector train dam-
age.

Current Release Number Std. Revision Level

032021-032 000 Page 15 of 33
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written consent of Cummins Inc.
 Engineering
Standards
Name FOLLOWER,CAM Engineering Standard Number

18298
Identifier CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION
(ITEM)

Feature Process Potential Failure Mode Potential Effects of Failures Severity Cummins’ Learnings

f. Flow Test Blockage of Oil Flow Pin/Roller Interface: Roller is difficult to 8 1. Prior to flow testing, parts shall conform to the applicable
turn. Will lead to roller skidding on cam- residual magnetism requirement. Flow testing shall also
shaft surface. include a check for the existence of complete drillings,
Adjusting Screw Ball/Socket Interface: with proper intersections and no blockage due to broken
Cause wear of ball/socket interface. Could drills or packed debris.
lead to further valve or injector train dam- 2. The flow media used in the flow tester shall be filtered,
age. and filter changes shall take place on a regularly
scheduled basis.
3. Deburring shall be completed prior to flow test. If chips
or shavings are noticed during flow testing, it is
imperative that an investigation into the cause shall
commence.
4. The use of florescent dye in the flow media and a black
light have proven effective in verifying flow between the
follower pin and roller.
5. Process documentation for this operation(s) shall record
all key process parameters including, but not limited to:
• fixture identification
• fluid type/concentration
• pressure
• fluid filtration information (e.g., type of filter media,
flow rates, change frequency)

6.3. Machined a. Demagnetize Debris in pin/roller interface Roller is difficult to turn. May lead to 7 1. Machining steel or cast iron can induce residual
Follower roller skidding on camshaft surface. magnetism. This magnetism can attract ferrous debris to
the machined part, making cleaning difficult.
2. Parts shall conform to CES 16114. If magnetism exceeds
CES 16114, parts shall be demagnetized before cleaning
to enhance the wash/flush operations.

Debris in Adjusting Screw Cause wear of ball/socket interface. Could 6 See Section 6.3. Machined Follower on page 16, item a. for
Ball/Socket Interface lead to further valve or injector train dam- learnings regarding this potential failure mode.
age.

Current Release Number Std. Revision Level

032021-032 000 Page 16 of 33
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written consent of Cummins Inc.
 Engineering
Standards
Name FOLLOWER,CAM Engineering Standard Number

18298
Identifier CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION
(ITEM)

Feature Process Potential Failure Mode Potential Effects of Failures Severity Cummins’ Learnings

b. Wash Debris in pin/roller interface Roller is difficult to turn. May lead to 7 1. All parts shall be washed to conform to the applicable
roller skidding on camshaft surface. cleanliness standard(s) (such as CES 16233 or 16599)
specified on the drawing.
2. Dip or wash tanks shall be on a strict preventative
maintenance schedule, which shall be approved by
Cummins SQIE. Millipore and/or borescope results shall
be reported back into the cleaning system maintenance
plan to determine and verify the effectiveness of the
maintenance frequency.
3. Process documentation for this operation(s) shall record
all key process parameters including, but not limited to:
• fluid type/concentration
• temperature of fluid
• part orientation
• wash cycle time
• agitation level or fluid pressure
• spray nozzle condition (if applicable)
• hole size
• targeting
• Millipore and borescope/small tip flashlight inspection
frequency
• fluid filtration information (e.g., type of filter media,
flow rates, change frequency)

Debris in Adjusting Screw Cause wear of ball/socket interface. 6 See Section 6.3. Machined Follower on page 16, item b.
Ball/Socket Interface Could lead to further valve or injector for learnings regarding this potential failure mode.
train damage.

Current Release Number Std. Revision Level

032021-032 000 Page 17 of 33
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written consent of Cummins Inc.
 Engineering
Standards
Name FOLLOWER,CAM Engineering Standard Number

18298
Identifier CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION
(ITEM)

Feature Process Potential Failure Mode Potential Effects of Failures Severity Cummins’ Learnings

c. Preservation Rust develops on part(s) before Causes difficulty with assembly of mating 7 1. Parts shall be coated with a preserving oil that is
assembly of mating compo- components. May ultimately lead to fol- compatible with engine oil, has a minimum shelf life of
nents lower/camshaft field failures. 18 months, and does not interfere with the freedom of
Also may cause pitting on parts, leading roller rotation. An example of a rust preservative that is
to high localized stresses during engine used within Cummins to achieve these characteristics is
operation. documented in CES 20050.
2. Process documentation for this operation(s) shall record
all key process parameters including, but not limited to:
• preservative type/trade name
• concentration
• application method

Parts become sticky from Causes difficulty with assembly of mating 4 See Section 6.3. Machined Follower on page 16, item c. for
excess/old preservative components. learnings regarding this potential failure mode.
Nearby debris may cling to part.

6.4. Machined a. In-process Rust develops on part(s) before Causes difficulty with assembly of mating 7 1. Parts shall be stored in covered containers to maintain
Follower, Pin, Roller, Storage and assembly of mating compo- components. May ultimately lead to fol- cleanliness. The container shall be on a regular cleaning
Bushing, Adjusting Handling nents lower/camshaft field failures. schedule that shall be determined by the supplier and
Screw, Sockets Also may cause pitting on parts, leading Cummins SQIE.
to high localized stresses during engine 2. Critical surfaces and features shall be protected during
operation. handling to avoid damage.

Parts become dirty Causes difficulty with assembly of mating 7 See Section 6.4. Machined Follower, Pin, Roller, Bushing,
components. Adjusting Screw, Sockets on page 18, item a. for learnings
Debris can cause damage to parts being regarding this potential failure mode.
assembled.

Nicks and dings Causes difficulty with assembly of mating 7 See Section 6.4. Machined Follower, Pin, Roller, Bushing,
components. Adjusting Screw, Sockets on page 18, item a. for learnings
Debris can cause damage to parts being regarding this potential failure mode.
assembled.

Current Release Number Std. Revision Level

032021-032 000 Page 18 of 33
CUMMINS CONFIDENTIAL
This document (and the information shown thereon) is CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY and shall not be disclosed to others in hard copy or electronic form, reproduced by any means, or used for any purpose without
written consent of Cummins Inc.
 Engineering
Standards
Name FOLLOWER,CAM Engineering Standard Number

18298
Identifier CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION
(ITEM)

Feature Process Potential Failure Mode Potential Effects of Failures Severity Cummins’ Learnings

b. In-house All potential failure modes All potential effects of failures identified All severity’s 1. Methods for transporting parts through the supplier’s
Handling and identified in Sections 6.1. Fol- in sections 6.1. Follower/Tappet Pin Bore identified in factory and packaging for shipping need to be
Storage lower/Tappet Pin Bore on page on page 11, item a. through 6.4. Sections 6.1., thoughtfully considered to maintain clean and damage-
11, item a. through 6.4. Machined Follower, Pin, Roller, Bushing, item a. through free parts. Parts shall be stored in covered containers to
Machined Follower, Pin, Adjusting Screw, Sockets on page 18, 6.4., item a. are maintain cleanliness. The containers shall be on a regular
Roller, Bushing, Adjusting item a. are possibilities. possibilities. cleaning schedule, which shall be determined by the
Screw, Sockets on page 18, supplier and Cummins SQIE.
item a. are possibilities. 2. Precise surfaces (e.g., roller) are key to proper engine
operation. These shall be protected during storage and
handling to avoid damage.

c. Packaging and All potential failure modes All potential effects of failures identified All severity’s 1. Packaging of the assembled followers shall provide a
Shipment identified in Sections 6.1. Fol- in sections 6.1. Follower/Tappet Pin Bore identified in means for keeping the roller OD surface from resting on
lower/Tappet Pin Bore on page on page 11, item a. through 6.4. Sections 6.1., the adjacent part.
11, item a. through 6.4. Machined Follower, Pin, Roller, Bushing, item a. through 2. Suppliers shall package parts for the appropriate climate
Machined Follower, Pin, Adjusting Screw, Sockets on page 18, 6.4., item a. are to prevent any quality damage (e.g., rust)
Roller, Bushing, Adjusting item a. are possibilities. possibilities. 3. Cummins’ Packaging Standards are available through the
Screw, Sockets on page 18, Cummins’ commodity manager. These standards shall be
item a. are possibilities. followed and verified.

Current Release Number Std. Revision Level

032021-032 000 Page 19 of 33
CUMMINS CONFIDENTIAL
This document (and the information shown thereon) is CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY and shall not be disclosed to others in hard copy or electronic form, reproduced by any means, or used for any purpose without
written consent of Cummins Inc.
 Engineering
Standards
Name FOLLOWER,CAM Engineering Standard Number

18298
Identifier CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION
(ITEM)

Feature Process Potential Failure Mode Potential Effects of Failures Severity Cummins’ Learnings

7. Assembly
This section assumes all individual components meet their dimensional requirements. It is the assembly supplier’s responsibility to see that incoming components maintain quality requirements.

7.1. Roller Pin- a. Roller Placement Roller pin/roller damage (ding/ Roller is difficult to turn. May lead to 7 1. Care shall be taken when transferring components from
Roller Follower Joint and Roller Pin nick from fixturing/handling) roller skidding on camshaft surface. the shipping containers to material handling equipment.
Insertion Causes difficulty with assembly of mating 2. Parts that have been dropped shall be screened for non-
components. conformances. Defective parts shall be scrapped.
3. Poorly aligned fixtures may allow assembly tools to
Debris can cause damage to parts being damage component surfaces. Assembly fixtures shall
assembled. therefore be kept cleaned and properly aligned.
Damage to roller causes high local cam 4. Precise surfaces (e.g., roller OD) are key to proper engine
stresses and cam damage. operation. Component transferal and assembly fixturing,
which contacts precise surfaces, shall be kept clean.
Roller ID damage can cause pin wear,
which may lead to cam galling.

Current Release Number Std. Revision Level

032021-032 000 Page 20 of 33
CUMMINS CONFIDENTIAL
This document (and the information shown thereon) is CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY and shall not be disclosed to others in hard copy or electronic form, reproduced by any means, or used for any purpose without
written consent of Cummins Inc.
 Engineering
Standards
Name FOLLOWER,CAM Engineering Standard Number

18298
Identifier CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION
(ITEM)

Feature Process Potential Failure Mode Potential Effects of Failures Severity Cummins’ Learnings

Pin Scoring Roller is difficult to turn. May lead to 7 1. During assembly process development, insertion of the
roller skidding on camshaft surface. cam follower pin into the follower in the direction that
minimizes axial interference with intersecting drillings
shall be taken into consideration. Insertion direction shall
also be consistent with the chamfered side(s) of the
follower legs.
2. The cam follower pin bore edge/chamfer shall be free
from any nicks or burrs prior to assembly of the pin. Bore
chamfers which have nicks or burrs may cause scoring
damage to the pin.
3. Chilling the pin, and/or heating the follower prior to
assembly, is highly recommended to allow a slip fit and
to minimize axial pin surface damage. If this is required,
it shall be specified on the drawing, including details on
the desired pin – follower temperature differential at
insertion. It is essential that these details be discussed
with the supplier to understand what cooling media or
heating process will be used (freezer, liquid nitrogen, gas-
expansion techniques, oven, etc.)

Pin Misalignment (Circumfer- Oil blockage will lead to roller skidding 8 Flow testing and probing are recommended tools to verify
entially or Axially) on cam lobe. proper rotational and end-to-end orientation of the cam fol-
In addition, circumferential misalignment lower pin relative to the holes in the follower. This will also
may place an oiling featuring in the aid in verifying alignment of oil and roll pin holes.
loaded zone resulting in roller skidding on
the cam lobe.

Current Release Number Std. Revision Level

032021-032 000 Page 21 of 33
CUMMINS CONFIDENTIAL
This document (and the information shown thereon) is CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY and shall not be disclosed to others in hard copy or electronic form, reproduced by any means, or used for any purpose without
written consent of Cummins Inc.
 Engineering
Standards
Name FOLLOWER,CAM Engineering Standard Number

18298
Identifier CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION
(ITEM)

Feature Process Potential Failure Mode Potential Effects of Failures Severity Cummins’ Learnings

General information 1. Assembly can be done in a machining environment as

about roller placement and pin long as the assembly area is not near debris-generating
insertion equipment (open milling machines, blow-off stations,
lathes, etc.) which would contaminate the parts.
Otherwise, an enclosed/protected assembly area or
building shall be considered.
2. Failsafing shall be incorporated to verify proper pin
installation.
3. Other designs call for assembly by press fit at room
temperature. It is recommended that this procedure be
monitored and failsafed (load sensors, quality audits, etc.)
appropriately to prevent any potential assembly issues
(scored pins, pin shavings, etc.).
4. The use of force-monitoring equipment during pin
installation is recommended to detect pin scoring from
improper pin and /or pin bore sizes and for achieving
appropriate press fit.
5. If the cam follower pin is to be inserted into the follower
with interference, the pin shall be lubricated with an oil or
grease that is compatible with the normal engine
lubricant. The pin shall then be pressed into the follower
in one smooth, continuous motion. This should happen
with either manual or automated assembly.
6. Pins shall not be hammered during installation into the
follower.
7. If the cam follower pin is inserted using automated
assembly equipment, rams should be equipped with
force- monitoring equipment capable of alerting the
operator (or stopping pin installation) when the
installation force is beyond the appropriate load
tolerance. These limits shall be jointly established
between the supplier and Cummins SQIE by using
boundary samples.

Current Release Number Std. Revision Level

032021-032 000 Page 22 of 33
CUMMINS CONFIDENTIAL
This document (and the information shown thereon) is CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY and shall not be disclosed to others in hard copy or electronic form, reproduced by any means, or used for any purpose without
written consent of Cummins Inc.
 Engineering
Standards
Name FOLLOWER,CAM Engineering Standard Number

18298
Identifier CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION
(ITEM)

Feature Process Potential Failure Mode Potential Effects of Failures Severity Cummins’ Learnings

8. A key assembly requirement is proper alignment and

orientation of the pin, roller, and cam follower. Improper
alignment is typically the largest contributor to bronze
shavings and scored roller pins.
9. If chips or shavings are noticed during assembly, it is
imperative that an investigation into the cause shall
commence according to the Cummins’ “7-Step Problem
Solving” process. Progress and conclusions shall be
reported to Cummins SQIE.
10.Material handling equipment shall be designed and
maintained to prevent component damage prior to
assembly.
11.Process documentation for this operation(s) shall record
all key process parameters including, but not limited to:
• fixturing and tooling used during assembly process
(fixture/tooling numbers or detailed descriptions)
• orientation of follower and pin during assembly, espe-
cially if this isn’t controlled by the fixture
• lubricant type, amount, and method of application
• force limits
• pin cooling and/or follower heating information
• temperature
• minimum time in cooling/heating media or method to
check temperature
• maximum lag time from cooling / heating media - to
pin insertion
• method for checking for proper pin alignment includ-
ing type of instrument and expected result (e.g., depth
of insertion of a probe into a hole).

Current Release Number Std. Revision Level

032021-032 000 Page 23 of 33
CUMMINS CONFIDENTIAL
This document (and the information shown thereon) is CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY and shall not be disclosed to others in hard copy or electronic form, reproduced by any means, or used for any purpose without
written consent of Cummins Inc.
 Engineering
Standards
Name FOLLOWER,CAM Engineering Standard Number

18298
Identifier CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION
(ITEM)

Feature Process Potential Failure Mode Potential Effects of Failures Severity Cummins’ Learnings

7.2. Roll Pin/ a. Roll Pin Insertion Roll Pin not inserted far Roller pin circumferential misalignment 8 1. If the roll pin is inserted using automated assembly
Follower Leg/Pin enough may result in oil blockage leading to roller equipment, consideration should be given to installation
Joint skidding on the cam lobe. of force-monitoring equipment capable of alerting the
operator (or stopping pin installation) when the
If roll pin extends beyond the roller OD it installation force is either too high or too low. These
will damage the cam lobe limits should be established by the supplier using
boundary samples and authorized by Cummins SQIE.
Roller Damage 2. If the roll pin is inserted manually, tooling (drivers) shall
be designed to install the pin to the depth specified on the
engineering drawing. The operator shall not use
excessive installation force. If the pin is difficult to
install, parts shall be screened for non-conformances.
3. Roll pin installation fixture or tools (automated or
manual) shall not damage roller.
4. Pins that protrude from the follower after assembly shall
not be ground or cut off. The assembly shall be rejected
and reviewed for non-conformances.
5. Process documentation for this operation(s) shall record
all key process parameters including, but not limited to:
• fixture identification
• tool identification

Roller Damage (nick/ding) Damage to roller causes high local cam 7 Pin installation fixture or tools shall not damage roller.
stresses and cam damage

7.3. Ball Plug/ a. Ball Plug Roller Damage (nick/ding) Damage to roller causes high local cam 4 Ball plug installation fixture or tools shall not damage
Follower Joint Insertion stresses and cam damage roller.

Shaft/Pin Bore Damage - burrs Scoring of bore may damage roller pin or 4 Ball plug installation fixture or tools shall not damage shaft
bushing during insertion. or pin bore.

Current Release Number Std. Revision Level

032021-032 000 Page 24 of 33
CUMMINS CONFIDENTIAL
This document (and the information shown thereon) is CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY and shall not be disclosed to others in hard copy or electronic form, reproduced by any means, or used for any purpose without
written consent of Cummins Inc.
 Engineering
Standards
Name FOLLOWER,CAM Engineering Standard Number

18298
Identifier CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION
(ITEM)

Feature Process Potential Failure Mode Potential Effects of Failures Severity Cummins’ Learnings

Ball Plug Placement too deep Leak/Oil Blockage 7 No learnings to report. Section shall be updated once expe-
rience with this item exists.

Ball Plug Placement too shal- Ball plug may fall out during engine oper- 6 No learnings to report. Section shall be updated once expe-
low ation, allowing oil leakage and inadequate rience with this item exists.
lubricant flow.

Ball Plug missing Oil leakage and inadequate lubricant flow 6 No learnings to report. Section shall be updated once expe-
rience with this item exists.

Oblong Drilling Oil leakage and inadequate lubricant flow 5 No learnings to report. Section shall be updated once expe-
rience with this item exists.

Current Release Number Std. Revision Level

032021-032 000 Page 25 of 33
CUMMINS CONFIDENTIAL
This document (and the information shown thereon) is CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY and shall not be disclosed to others in hard copy or electronic form, reproduced by any means, or used for any purpose without
written consent of Cummins Inc.
 Engineering
Standards
Name FOLLOWER,CAM Engineering Standard Number

18298
Identifier CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION
(ITEM)

Feature Process Potential Failure Mode Potential Effects of Failures Severity Cummins’ Learnings

General information regarding 1. If ball plugs are inserted using automated assembly
ball plug installation. equipment, tooling shall be designed to install the ball
plugs to the depth specified on the engineering drawing.
Consideration should be given to installation of force-
monitoring equipment capable of alerting the operator (or
stopping ball plug installation) when the installation force
is either too high or too low. These limits should be
established by the supplier using boundary samples and
authorized by Cummins SQIE.
2. If ball plugs are inserted manually, tooling (drivers) shall
be designed to install the ball plugs to the depth specified
on the engineering drawing. The operator shall not use
excessive installation force. If a ball plug is unusually
easy or difficult to install, parts shall be screened for
nonconformance.
3. If ball plugs are being installed into straight oil drillings
(no counterbore), it is critical to control installation depth
per the engineering drawing to confirm that cross-
drillings are not blocked.
4. Process documentation for this operation(s) shall record
all key process parameters including, but not limited to
• force limits
• fixture identification
• tool identification

Current Release Number Std. Revision Level

032021-032 000 Page 26 of 33
CUMMINS CONFIDENTIAL
This document (and the information shown thereon) is CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY and shall not be disclosed to others in hard copy or electronic form, reproduced by any means, or used for any purpose without
written consent of Cummins Inc.
 Engineering
Standards
Name FOLLOWER,CAM Engineering Standard Number

18298
Identifier CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION
(ITEM)

Feature Process Potential Failure Mode Potential Effects of Failures Severity Cummins’ Learnings

7.4. Bushing/ a. Bushing Improper Bushing Alignment Oil Leak/Blockage, restricting flow of oil 7 Hole in bushing shall be oriented appropriately.
Follower Joint Installation to the other components (pin/roller inter-
face or adjusting screw).
Sections 7.4. Bushing/
Follower Joint on page
27 and 7.5. Adjusting
Screw/Hex Nut/ Fol-
lower Joint on page 28
apply to Overhead
Cam Systems. These
components shall be
assembled prior to
flow testing and free-
dom of rotation test-
ing.

Current Release Number Std. Revision Level

032021-032 000 Page 27 of 33
CUMMINS CONFIDENTIAL
This document (and the information shown thereon) is CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY and shall not be disclosed to others in hard copy or electronic form, reproduced by any means, or used for any purpose without
written consent of Cummins Inc.
 Engineering
Standards
Name FOLLOWER,CAM Engineering Standard Number

18298
Identifier CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION
(ITEM)

Feature Process Potential Failure Mode Potential Effects of Failures Severity Cummins’ Learnings

Scoring (Axially or Circumfer- Forms high spot under the bushing, lead- 4 1. If the bushing is inserted using automated assembly
entially) ing to uneven bushing wear. equipment, tooling shall be designed to install the
bushings to the depth specified on the engineering
drawing. Rams should be equipped with force-
monitoring equipment capable of alerting the operator (or
stopping bushing installation) when the installation force
is either too high or too low. These limits shall be jointly
established between the supplier and Cummins SQIE by
using boundary samples.
2. If the bushing is inserted manually, tooling (drivers) shall
be designed to install the bushing to the depth specified
on the engineering drawing. The operator shall not use
excessive installation force. If the bushing is difficult to
install, parts shall be screened for non-conformances.

General Information Process documentation for this operation(s) shall record all
key process parameters including, but not limited to:
• fixture identification
• tool identification
• force limits

7.5. Adjusting a. Adjusting Screw Thread Damage/Distortion Oil drilling blockage 6 Verify that all follower oil drillings that intersect the
Screw/Hex Nut/ and Hex Nut threaded adjusting screw hole are burr-free; otherwise,
Follower Joint Installation burrs could shave material off the softer adjusting screw
during installation.

Current Release Number Std. Revision Level

032021-032 000 Page 28 of 33
CUMMINS CONFIDENTIAL
This document (and the information shown thereon) is CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY and shall not be disclosed to others in hard copy or electronic form, reproduced by any means, or used for any purpose without
written consent of Cummins Inc.
 Engineering
Standards
Name FOLLOWER,CAM Engineering Standard Number

18298
Identifier CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION
(ITEM)

Feature Process Potential Failure Mode Potential Effects of Failures Severity Cummins’ Learnings

Improper overhead set 7 1. Verify that all follower oil drillings that intersect the
threaded adjusting screw hole are burr-free. Otherwise,
burrs could damage threads of the follower/screw
material of the softer adjusting screw during installation.
2. Adjusting screws shall be installed to the height and/or
torque specifications as specified on the engineering
drawing.

General Information Process documentation for this operation(s) shall record all
key process parameters including, but not limited to:
• fixture identification
• tool identification
• force limits

7.6. Socket/Tappet a. Socket Inadequately Seated Loss of overhead set, leading to increased 7 1. Required press forces shall be used to be certain sockets
Joint Installation lash. are properly seated in the bottom of the bore. If no force
requirement is indicated on the print, it is the supplier’s
Section 7.6. Socket/ responsibility to determine this limit using appropriate
Tappet Joint on page boundary samples.
29 applies to a Push 2. Attention is required to confirm that air between the
Tube Cam System. socket and follower has both the ability and time to be
This component shall displaced during socket assembly, thus allowing the
be assembled prior to socket to properly seat in the follower.
flow testing and free- 3. During installation, contact in the socket area shall be
dom of rotation test- avoided.
ing.
Burr Blockage of oil flow 6 The socket and follower bore shall have a sufficient cham-
fer/radius (per the print) to avoid shaving material during
installation, which would keep the socket from fully seating
in the bottom of the bore.

Current Release Number Std. Revision Level

032021-032 000 Page 29 of 33
CUMMINS CONFIDENTIAL
This document (and the information shown thereon) is CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY and shall not be disclosed to others in hard copy or electronic form, reproduced by any means, or used for any purpose without
written consent of Cummins Inc.
 Engineering
Standards
Name FOLLOWER,CAM Engineering Standard Number

18298
Identifier CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION
(ITEM)

Feature Process Potential Failure Mode Potential Effects of Failures Severity Cummins’ Learnings

General Information 1. Tooling shall be designed to make sure that all of the
press force is applied to the flange area of the socket.
Contact shall be avoided in the actual socket area.
2. If the socket is inserted using automated assembly
equipment, rams should be equipped with force
monitoring equipment capable of alerting the operator (or
stopping socket installation) when the installation force is
either too high or too low. These limits should be
established by the supplier using boundary samples and
authorized by Cummins SQIE.
3. If the socket is assembled manually, preference should be
given to using a press; hammers shall not be used. The
operator shall not use excessive installation force. If a
socket is unusually easy or difficult to install, parts shall
be screened for non-conformances.
4. Process documentation for this operation(s) shall record
all key process parameters including, but not limited to:
• force limits
• fixture identification
• tool identification

Current Release Number Std. Revision Level

032021-032 000 Page 30 of 33
CUMMINS CONFIDENTIAL
This document (and the information shown thereon) is CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY and shall not be disclosed to others in hard copy or electronic form, reproduced by any means, or used for any purpose without
written consent of Cummins Inc.
 Engineering
Standards
Name FOLLOWER,CAM Engineering Standard Number

18298
Identifier CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION
(ITEM)

Feature Process Potential Failure Mode Potential Effects of Failures Severity Cummins’ Learnings

7.7. Full Follower a. Final Quality All previously stated failure All previously stated effects of failures are All severity’s 1. It is essential to check for properly located pins, debris-
Assembly Check modes are possible. possible. identified in free assemblies, properly aligned and unobstructed oil
Sections 7.1., drillings, and adequately installed ball plugs. Therefore, a
item a. through flow check of all oil drillings shall be performed after
7.6., item a. are final assembly is complete. This shall include a check for
possibilities the existence of complete drillings (with proper
intersections and no blockage due to broken drills or
packed debris) and any unwanted leaks.
2. The use of fluorescent dye in the flow media and a black
light have proven effective in verifying flow between the
follower pin and roller.
3. The flow media used in the flow tester shall be filtered,
and filter changes shall take place on a regularly
scheduled basis. The supplier shall determine and verify
the effectiveness of the maintenance frequency and
Cummins SQIE shall authorize.
4. If chips or shavings are noticed during assembly, it is
imperative that an investigation into the cause shall com-
mence according to the Cummins’ “7-Step Problem Solv-
ing” process. Progress and conclusions shall be reported to
Cummins SQIE.
5. Cam follower rollers shall be 100% checked to verify
freedom of rotation.
6. Process documentation for this operation(s) shall record
all key process parameters including, but not limited to:
• fixture identification
• force limits
• fluid type/concentration, pressure, and fluid fil-
tration information (e.g., type of filter media,
flow rates, change frequency)

Current Release Number Std. Revision Level

032021-032 000 Page 31 of 33
CUMMINS CONFIDENTIAL
This document (and the information shown thereon) is CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY and shall not be disclosed to others in hard copy or electronic form, reproduced by any means, or used for any purpose without
written consent of Cummins Inc.
 Engineering
Standards
Name FOLLOWER,CAM Engineering Standard Number

18298
Identifier CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION
(ITEM)

Feature Process Potential Failure Mode Potential Effects of Failures Severity Cummins’ Learnings

b. Rework of All previously stated failure All previously stated effects of failures are All severity’s 1. Reuse of the follower and roller after disassembly is
Finished modes are possible. possible. identified in contingent upon washing, gauging and inspection to
Assembly Sections 7.1., verify that parts meet all print and standards
item a. through specifications.
7.6., item a. are 2. Followers shall be fully disassembled (including
possibilities bushings) prior to washing.
3. Cam follower pins, roll pins, and bushings shall not be
reused after disassembly.
4. Cummins SQIE shall approve any rework procedures
established by the supplier.
5. Washing the fully assembled component is not
recommended. If this action is unavoidable, the following
steps shall be taken:
• Debris shall not be introduced into the assembly while
washing (e.g., dirty wash tank/cleaning solution)
• Parts shall be adequately preserved. This shall include
flowing preservative through the oil drillings and into
the roller/pin interface.
• Contact Cummins SQIE for prior approval of action
plan.

c. Identification of Engines built with wrong parts. Camshaft failures 7 1. Consideration should be given to marking assemblies
Finished with a “date of manufacture” for part traceability
Assembly purposes. These markings shall be called out on the print
and authorized through product engineering.
2. When the manufacturer has the option of either
automated assembly or manual assembly, parts shall be
identified with a marking that identifies the method of
assembly for traceability purposes.
3. Consideration should be given to verifying quality check
completion (e.g., pushout test) with a visible indication
on assembly.

Current Release Number Std. Revision Level

032021-032 000 Page 32 of 33
CUMMINS CONFIDENTIAL
This document (and the information shown thereon) is CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY and shall not be disclosed to others in hard copy or electronic form, reproduced by any means, or used for any purpose without
written consent of Cummins Inc.
 Engineering
Standards
Name FOLLOWER,CAM Engineering Standard Number

18298
Identifier CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION
(ITEM)

Feature Process Potential Failure Mode Potential Effects of Failures Severity Cummins’ Learnings

d. In-house All previously stated failure All previously stated effects of failures are All severity’s 1. Methods for transporting parts through the supplier’s
Handling and modes are possible. possible. identified in factory and packaging for shipping need to be
Storage Sections 7.1., thoughtfully considered to maintain clean and damage-
item a. through free parts. Parts shall be stored in covered containers to
7.6., item a. are maintain cleanliness. The containers shall be on a regular
possibilities cleaning schedule, which shall be determined by the
supplier and Cummins SQIE.
2. Precise surfaces (e.g., roller) are key to proper engine
operation. These shall be protected during storage and
handling to avoid damage and contamination.

e. Packaging and All previously stated All previously stated All severity’s 1. Packaging of the assembled followers shall provide a
Shipment identified in means for keeping the roller OD surface from resting on
Sections 7.1., the adjacent part.
item a. through 2. Suppliers shall package parts for the appropriate climate
7.6., item a. are to prevent any quality damage and contamination (e.g.,
possibilities rust).
3. Cummins’ Packaging Standards and Rust Preservation
Standards are available through the Cummins’
commodity manager. These standards shall be followed
and verified.

Current Release Number Std. Revision Level

032021-032 000 Page 33 of 33
CUMMINS CONFIDENTIAL
This document (and the information shown thereon) is CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY and shall not be disclosed to others in hard copy or electronic form, reproduced by any means, or used for any purpose without
written consent of Cummins Inc.