Module 1 GEE3 Human Reproduction
Module 1 GEE3 Human Reproduction
Module in GEE 3
HUMAN REPRODUCTION
The Female
Reproductive Organs
JOAHNA S. MAGBANUA
Instructor
WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Title Page i
Table of Contents ii
Instruction to the User iii
Introduction 1
Overview Chapter 1: The Female Reproductive Organs 1
Pretest 2
Learning Outcomes 3
Time Allotment 3
Lesson 1: Female Internal Reproductive Organs 4
Discussion 4
Activities/Exercises 7
Lesson 2: Female External Reproductive Organs 8
Discussion 8
Activities/Exercises 10
Lesson 3: Egg Production 11
Discussion 11
Activities/Exercises 12
Lesson 4: Menstruation 13
Discussion 13
Activities/Exercises 14
Lesson 5: Ovulation 15
Discussion 15
Activities/Exercises 16
Lesson 6: Hormones 17
Discussion 17
Activities/Exercises 19
Post-test 20
References 22
Privacy Notice 23
Student Information 24
JOAHNA S. MAGBANUA
WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)
Instructor
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INSTRUCTION TO THE USER
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INTRODUCTION
Moreover, every person has the responsibility to care for life and
reproduction by learning factual and comprehensive information., discerning
what is right, developing the strength to choose what is good, and advocating
for it.
This module is designed to help the users to learn and understand the
different topics specified in the overview of the Chapter. Through your
cooperation in this kind of flexible learning delivery, understanding about the
essence of human reproduction as part of life is possible. Every topic in this
module is followed by activities/exercises that may help you internalize the
important points in the discussion. Moreover, the posttest is designed to
objectively measure your knowledge and understanding of the lessons.
Overview
This module discusses the nature, structure, and function of the female
reproductive system. Specifically, the internal reproductive organs of females
include ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina, while the external
reproductive organs are comprised of the perineum, mons pubis, labia majora
and minora, hymen, vestibule, clitoris, as well as Skene, Bartholin’s and
accessory glands. Moreover, this module also covers the various processes that
occurs in the system and its neighboring organs.
Every topic in this module is followed by activities/exercises that may
help you internalize the important points in the discussion. Moreover, the
posttest is designed to objectively measure your knowledge and understanding
of the lessons.
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Learning Outcomes
At the end of this chapter, you can:
1. describe the location, appearance, and functions of both internal and
external female reproductive organs;
2. enumerate the female hormones and explain their relationship with
each other;
3. discuss the ovarian and menstrual cycles, fertilization, and pregnancy;
4. illustrate the structure of the breast and state the importance of
breastmilk.
Pre-test
Before we start with the discussion, please try to answer the following
questions. Don’t worry, your scores will not be recorded. I just want to know
what you already know about the topic.
Answer:
1.________________
2.________________
3.________________
4.________________
5.________________
6.________________
7.________________
8.________________
True or False. Write T if the statement is correct and F if wrong. Write your
answer on the space provided.
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Short Essay. Write a paragraph to answer the question below. Use the space
provided to write your answer.
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B. Time Allotment
1 ½ hours
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C. Discussion
Introduction
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An egg cell has no
flagellum, so it cannot move on
its own like a sperm cell can. The
cells on the inside surface of a
fallopian tube have cilia
(hairlike structures). These cilia
move an egg toward the uterus.
Uterus
Above the vagina, further inside the body, is the uterus. It is a thick,
muscular organ inside which a fertilized egg can develop. A uterus is normally
about the size and shape of a pear, but it enlarges during pregnancy. A tissue
called the endometrium lines the uterus. The neck, or opening, of the uterus
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into the vagina is called the
cervix. During childbirth, the
cervix gets wider, or dilates. This
enables the baby to move into the
vagina and out of the mother’s
body.
Vagina
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D. Lesson 1 Activities/Exercises
Instruction: Describe in summary the appearance and functions of the female
internal reproductive organs
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Lesson 2: Female External Reproductive Organs
A. Learning Outcomes
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
B. Time Allotment
1 ½ hours
Perineum
The perineum is a diamond-shaped area at the lowest and of the trunk
between the vulva and the anus.
External genitalia
The female external genitalia, known collectively as the vulva, include
the mons pubis, labia majora and minora, hymen, clitoris, vestibule, and
accessory glands.
The mons pubis is the mound of fat tissue lying over the pubic bone
(lowermost part of the abdomen), covered with pubic hair.
The labia majora are the two larger fleshy folds covered by skin and
pubic hair on the outer surface with a pink smooth inner surface. They
contain oil- and sweat-secreting glands and protect the other external
reproductive organs. They are the female equivalent of the male
scrotum.
The labia minora are the hairless, smaller folds that lie between the
labia majora. The labia minora surround the openings of the vagina
and urethra.
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The vaginal opening is partially covered by a thin membrane called
hymen. This membrane is usually present in girls who have not had
intercourse.
The clitoris is the counterpart of the male penis. Its highly sensitive
because it has abundant nerve endings and blood vessels. Its body
located inside the pelvis, consists of two cavities that fill with blood
during sexual excitement. Stimulation of the clitoris leads to orgasm.
The vestibule is the area enclosed by the labia minora where the
openings of the urethra and vagina are located.
https://www.google.com/search?q=vagina&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwikp6qurqnrAhW
rHqYKHWXlAqAQ_AUoAXoECA0QAw&biw=1356&bih=643#imgrc=UQDJkNLPpRTuSM
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Breast
https://www.freepik.com/premium-vector/breastfeeding-
illustration-mother-feeding-baby-with-breast_5133668.htm
Lesson 2 Activities/Exercises
Test I. Name the external reproductive organs of a female.
https://sfusdhealtheducation.org/
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Test II. Research Activity. Interview two (2) mothers who were able to
breastfeed their babies. Ask them how they view breastfeeding and its
importance to babies.
Mother 1:
Mother 2:
Cell division by meiosis produces a human egg. Before a female is born, cells
in her developing ovaries begin meiosis, but stop at the first phase, prophase I.
The cells stopped at prophase I are called primary oocytes. They remain
unchanged until a female begins puberty. Puberty in a human female usually
begins between the ages of 9 and 13. At puberty, a female’s body begins
WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)
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producing chemical signals that cause primary oocytes to continue meiosis.
However, meiosis stops again at the second stage of meiosis, metaphase II. The
cells stopped at metaphase II are called secondary oocytes. Secondary
oocytes are the egg cells. A female usually produces only one egg cell every
four weeks on average. An egg cell does not complete meiosis until fertilization
occurs.
Cells of the ovary surround, protect, and nourish each egg cell. A follicle
is an egg cell and its surrounding cells. A female at puberty has about 400,000
follicles. The release of an egg from a follicle into a fallopian tube is called
ovulation.
Lesson 3 Activities/Exercises
Instruction: Describe what happens during these stages in egg production.
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Lesson 4: Menstruation
A menstrual cycle lasts about 28 days. During the menstrual cycle, the
endometrium thickens and the number of blood vessels in it increases
to support a fertilized egg. However, if a released egg is not fertilized,
the endometrium breaks down and sloughs off. This tissue, some
blood, and the unfertilized egg leave the vagina as menstrual flow.
Menstrual flow usually lasts four to seven days. After menstrual flow
stops, the endometrium thickens and its blood vessels regrow.
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Lesson 4 Activities/Exercises
Activity I. Instruction: If you are female, write your own experiences during
your menstrual period. If you are male, interview a female using the guide
questions below.
Activity II. Research Work. Write your answer in an essay format. Use a
separate sheet if needed.
1. Interview three women regarding premenstrual syndrome and how they
handle it.
Woman 1:
Woman 2:
Woman 3:
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2. Research on common cultural attitudes or beliefs regarding the female
reproductive system (e.g., having menstruation as being unclean or as an
illness, virginity indicated by intact hymen, etc.) Identify which of these
perceptions are backed by scientific evidence.
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Lesson 5: Ovulation
https://lomalindafertility.com/pregnancy/menstrual-cycle/
About two weeks after the first day of menstrual flow, ovulation occurs.
Usually, only one egg is released from one of a female’s ovaries during a
menstrual cycle.
It takes about 24 to 48 hours for an egg to move down the fallopian tube
and into the uterus. If the egg is fertilized, a zygote forms, cell divisions
begin, and an embryo begins to develop.
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When the embryo enters the uterus, it attaches to, or implants in, the
endometrium. If this happens, menstrual bleeding does not occur. The
absence of menstrual bleeding is usually one of the first signs of
pregnancy.
Lesson 5 Activities/Exercises
Instruction: Using your own understanding and words, explain/describe in
detail the figure below.
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/752453050224204172/?nic_v2=1a6PHatuM
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Lesson 6: Hormones
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/695524736179928425/
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The chart below shows the hormones that are important for
Reproduction.
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Lesson 6 Activities/Exercises
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Post-test/Evaluation
Answer:
1.________________
2.________________
3.________________
4.________________
5.________________
6.________________
https://www.free-anatomy-quiz.com/femalereproductive1.html 7.________________
8.________________
Test II. True or False. Write T if the statement is correct and F if wrong.
Write your answer on the space provided.
_______1) A female’s reproductive system produces eggs.
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Test. III. Essay. Write a paragraph to answer the question below. Use the
space provided to write your answer.
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References
Books
Alora, R. A., & Lumitao, J.M. (2018). Human Reproduction. Quezon City:C
& J Publishing, Inc.
Sivakumar, M., Raju, S., Raju, B., & Sivakumar, M. (2015). Reproductive
System. Anatomy and Physiology for General Nursing and
Midwifery (GNM), 168–168.
https://doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/12619_18
Images
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK65985/figure/CDR0000062961__
263/
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ovarian-cysts/symptoms-
causes/syc-20353405#dialogId41665252
https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/patient-education/total-abdominal-
hysterectomy
https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=anatomy-fetus-in-
utero-85-P01189
https://www.google.com/search?q=vagina&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&v
ed=2ahUKEwikp6qurqnrAhWrHqYKHWXlAqAQ_AUoAXoECA0QAw&biw=
1356&bih=643#imgrc=UQDJkNLPpRTuSM
https://lomalindafertility.com/pregnancy/menstrual-cycle/
https://www.google.com/search?q=reproductive+hormones&tbm=isch&chip
s=q:reproductive+hormones,g_1:body:1caloW6SdEU%3D&hl=en&sa=X&ved
=2ahUKEwi39-
PZ3abrAhUAy4sBHS7kAjkQ4lYoBnoECAEQIQ&biw=1338&bih=643#imgrc=
QV804RKq1rCwpM
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RUBRICS FOR ESSAY
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