Science – Grade 7

Alternative Delivery Mode

Quarter 2 – Module 1: The Microscope
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

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Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

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Writers: Leah S. Aliperio, Cherry Mae B. Candelario

Editors: Miraflor A. Albios, Cynthia S. Bustillo, Lenie G. Forro, Leoncio Tan
Reviewers: Agabai S. Kandalayang, Aida S. Delon, Mary Joy P. Bautista,
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 7

Science
Quarter 2 – Module 1: The
Microscope
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can
continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step
as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM.
This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask
your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the
end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer
keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using
these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also provided
to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you
on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of
this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And read
the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks
in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

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 What I Need to Know

Hi! Have a great day! Welcome to the nature of Biology, where you will learn the
diversity of life. Do you know that living things of unique classes, big or small consist of
cells? Yes, some organisms are single- celled while others are made up of billions of cells
like our body or have trillions like the elephants.
Most cells are so small that they cannot be seen by our naked eye. But, how can
we examine these cells? We are grateful and lucky enough that our scientists and
inventors in their times built the microscope, a special equipment or tool to make small
objects like cells look bigger. In this module, you will learn the brief history and types of
microscope. You will also study the parts of the microscope and how does each part
function. Knowing this lesson is very essential in your future use especially in viewing
different internal structures of living things under the microscope.
The module is divided into two lessons, specifically:
• Activity 1: Brief History of Microscope; and
• Activity 2: Parts and Functions of a Microscope
After going through this module, you are expected to:
• Define Microscope;
• state the function of a microscope;
• identify the various type of microscope;
• label the parts of the microscope; and
• describe the functions of each part of the microscope.

What I Know

Directions: Read each item carefully. Write only the letter of the correct answer for each
question. Write your answer on your activity notebook.

1. What tool is used to help you see tiny objects and living organisms?
A. Goggles
B. Microscope
C. Stethoscope
D. Telescope
2. Who invented the first compound microscope?
A. Isaac Newton
B. Robert Hooke
C. Alexander Graham Bell
D. Hans & Zacharias Janssen

1 CO_Q2_Science7_ Module1
3. Which two parts of the light microscope magnify the image of an object?
A. Eyepiece & mirror
B. Eyepiece & objective
C. Objectives & mirror
D. Objectives & diaphragm

For items 4 to 6, use the letters in the figure to answer the questions.

4. What part moves the body tube and objectives up and down?
A. Part A
B. Part B
C. Part H
D. Part I

5. Which part makes possible the changing of the objectives?

A. Part I
B. Part J
C. Part L
D. Part H

6. Which part will you adjust if the onion cell you are observing under HPO is not
clear?
A. Part B
B. Part C
C. Part G
D. Part J

7. What makes a microscope determine how clearly a small object can be viewed?
A. Mirror & eyepiece
B. Mirror & magnification
C. Magnification & resolution
D. eyepiece & resolution

2 CO_Q2_Science7_ Module1
8. What is the science of investigating small objects and structures?
A. autopsy
B. colonoscopy
C. endoscopy
D. microscopy

9. What type of microscope uses visible light to form an image?

A. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
B. Electron Microscope
C. Optical Microscope
D. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)

10. What is accomplished by turning the coarse adjustment upwards/downwards?

I. Facilitates the changing of objectives.

II. Focuses or brings out the object to be observed.
III. Facilitates the changing of eyepiece.
IV. Connects the eyepieces to the revolving nosepiece with the objectives.

A. I & II only
B. II & III only
C. I, II, & III only
D. I, II, III & IV

11. Why do you have to watch from the side when changing objectives?
I. Objectives are of different lengths.
II. The HPO is longer and can easily crash into the cover slip and slide.
III. It allows one to tilt the microscope, so viewing is possible while seated.
IV. This is done to prevent accidental crashing of the objectives into the slide
and breakage of lens, slide, or cover slip.

A. I & II only
B. I & III only
C. I, II and IV only
D. II & III only

12. The magnification of a microscope is equal to .

A. the magnification power of the objective lens divided by that of the ocular
lens.
B. the magnification power of the objective lens divided by the numerical
aperture.
C. the product of magnification produced individually by the ocular and
objective lenses.
D. the product of magnification produced individually by the ocular and
numerical aperture.

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13. A plant cell is viewed using a 10x eyepiece and 43x HPO. How much will the cell be
magnified?
A. 10x
B. 43x
C. 143x
D. 430x

14. How does a mirror help in studying the specimen in a microscope?

A. It cleans the cover slip.
B. It cleans the glass slide.
C. It gives light directly to the eyes of the user.
D. It reflects light to illuminate the specimen.

15. Why is it necessary for the specimen to be observed under the microscope must be
thin?
A. So that the image will be clearer.
B. So that the image would be larger.
C. So that light could pass through the specimen.
D. So that the high magnification objective can be used.

What’s In

Hello students. In the previous grades, you learned that the basic unit of structure
and function of all living things is the cell. Living things may have trillions of cells and
are called multicellular organisms or may contain one cell and ARE called unicellular
organisms.
We cannot see the cells using the naked eye because they are too tiny. Have you
imagined how the structure of the cells appear when they were discovered? It’s even more
difficult to identify the smaller cell organelles inside. What other tools can we use to make
things appear bigger? Can you name some of them? How are they used? Write your
answer in a separate sheet of paper.
TOOL/S USE/S

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 As we go along with our lesson, activities will be more exciting and thrilling. Are
you ready? Let’s get started.

What’s New

It is fascinating to know the process by which many designers and inventors

conceptualize an innovation. Through this activity, you will discover the different
scientists who contributed to the invention of microscope.

ACTIVITY 1: MATCHY! MATCHY!

What to Do:

1. Read the paragraphs below.

2. Trace the history of the microscope by copying and filling in the boxes.
3. The first item is done for you.
4. Write your answer in your paper.

On the early 13th century, spectacle makers were producing lenses

for glasses. The early simple “microscopes” were known as “flea glasses”
because they were used to study small insects.
A father- son duo, Zacharias and Hans Janssen, created the first
microscope in the 1590s.
In the year 1625, Galileo Galilei perfects the principle of
microscope.
In 1665, an English physicist, Robert Hooke looked at a sliver of
cork through a microscope lens and notice some “pores” or “cells” in it.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek built a simple microscope in 1674 with
only one lens to examine blood, yeast, insects and many other tiny objects.
In year 1925, Richard Zsigmondy developed the ultra-microscope
that could study objects below the wavelength of light and won a Nobel
Prize in Chemistry in 1925.
The phase- contrast microscope was invented by Frits Zernike in
1932, allows the study of colorless and transparent biological materials.
Little was done to improve the microscope until the middle of the
19th century when great strides were made and quality instruments like
today’s microscope emerged.

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 Here are your criteria to follow in answering this task in order for you to be guided
and lead to an appropriate answer.

FEATURES 4 3 2 1

Explanation • Clear and • Clear • Explanation • Little to

& Analysis concise explanation and no
explanation & analysis analysis explanation
and that attempt to or analysis
analysis discusses discuss the of the
that most of the information information
thoroughly information but is presented
discusses presented unclear
the
information
presented
Grammar, • No • Few spelling • A number • So many
Usage & incorrect and of spelling, spelling,
Mechanics spelling, punctuations, punctuation punctuation
punctuation errors, minor or and
or grammatical grammatical grammatical
grammatical errors errors errors that it
errors interferes
with the
meaning

Simple “microscopes” were known as “flea

13th Century glasses” because they were used to study
small insects.

6 CO_Q2_Science7_ Module1
 What is It

Hans and Zacharias Janssen produced the first compound microscope in the 1590s.
They were Dutch eyeglass makers. They began experimenting with ways to use different
lenses. When they put a lens at the end of a small tube, they discovered that the objects
near the end were magnified more than the lens by itself could achieve.
Galileo Galilei was credited with inventing one of the first compound microscope in
the year 1625. It is called compound microscope because it has more than one lens. He
added a focusing device to his microscope and of course went on to explore the heavens
with his telescopes.
In 1665, Robert Hooke had access to many microscopes available in Royal Society
of London. He examined everything he could get his hands on. When he examined a very
thin slice of cork, he thought the close- up views resembled small, empty rooms. It
reminded him of small rooms found in monastery; thus he named these rooms’ cells. This
gives way to the discovery of cell.
In 1674, Anton van Leeuwenhoek, Dutch scientist, worked to create stronger lenses
that result to more powerful microscope. He was one of the first scientists able to observe
bacteria movement in a single drop of pond water.
The prototype for the compound microscope was credited to Joseph Jackson Lister
in 1830, which reduces spherical aberration or the “chromatic effect” by showing that
several weak lenses used together at certain distances gave good magnification without
blurring the image.
Ernst Abbe, research director of the Zeiss Optical Works, wrote a mathematical
formula called the “Abbe Sine Condition”. His formula provided calculations that allowed
for the maximum resolution in microscopes possible in 1872.
In 1903, Richard Zsigmondy developed the ultra- microscope that could study
objects below the wavelength of light and he won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1925.
Frits Zernike invented the phase- contrast microscope in 1932 that allowed for the
study of colorless and transparent biological materials for which he won the Nobel Prize
in Physics in 1953.
In 19th century, companies in Germany like Zeiss and an American company
founded by Charles Spencer began producing fine optical microscope.

7 CO_Q2_Science7_ Module1
 What’s More

Are you getting familiar with the inventors and their contribution to the
development of the microscope? Let us have another activity focusing on the timeline of
the development of the microscope.
Make a brief timeline about the development of the microscope. You will call it “TIMEZONE
TRAVEL FROM THE PAST TO THE PRESENT”. The first one is done for you to serve as guide.

1590

Father- and- son

duo, Zacahrias &
Hans Janssen,
invented the first
compound
microscope.

1550 1650 1750 1850

Today 1950

What I Have Learned

Now that you’ve learned about the history of the development of the microscope,
let us find out how far you have understood by answering the activity below. Are you
ready? Let’s start.
Directions: Describe the following scientists below and tell something about their
contribution to the development of the microscope. Write your answer on
your activity notebook.
SCIENTISTS CONTRIBUTIONS
1. Robert Hooke
2. Hans & Zacharias Janssen
3. Anton van Leeuwenhoek
4. Richard Zsigmondy

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 What’s New

Good job! You made it! In the previous activity, you were able to tell how was the
microscope started and who are the scientists who made that device possible. I hope you
can use the same skills about the activities we will discuss in this module. Are you
excited? Let’s start!
But before we’re going to proceed with the next activity, I will show you an
example of a compound microscope and its different parts.
Eyepiece Body Tube

Revolving
Coarse Adjustment Nosepiece

Objective Lens
Arm

Fine Adjustment
Stage

Stage Clip

Diaphragm

Base
Mirror

Do you now recognize the parts of the microscope? Let us try this activity just for you.
ACTIVITY 2.1: CHOP, CHOP AND AWAY! WHAT TO
DO:
1. Look at the different parts of a microscope below.
2. Name each part.
3. Write your answer in your activity notebook.

9 CO_Q2_Science7_ Module1
 What is It

What is a microscope? What are functions of the different parts of a microscope?

What are the types of microscopes?

A microscope comes from the Ancient Greek micros meaning “small” and skopein,
which means “to look”, is a tool which can help you see tiny objects and living organism.
It makes them look bigger. The science of investigating small objects and structures using
such an instrument is called microscopy.

What makes a microscope determine how clearly a small object can be viewed?

1. Magnification- describes how much larger an object appears when viewed

The magnification is written on the side of the lens. The value could be 4x, 10x,
40x or 100x. To calculate the total magnification of the compound light microscope,
multiply the magnification power of the ocular lens by the power of the objective lens.
For example, a 10x ocular lens and a 40x objective would have a 400x total magnification.

2. Resolution or resolving power- the capacity of a microscope to distinguish

finer details of an image.

10 CO_Q2_Science7_ Module1
 There are different types of microscopes which differ in their magnification and
their resolving power, namely,

1. Optical microscope- uses visible light to form an image. It uses glass lenses to magnify and
resolve images. The image that was formed can be viewed from an eyepiece. It has two
types:

A. Compound- uses two or more double convex lenses to magnify the object; it
can magnify object up to 1200x

B. Stereomicroscope- also known as dissecting microscope; it magnifies the object

100x and gives three- dimensional image

2. Electron microscope- uses high energy electron beams to form an image. The image
that was formed can only be viewed from a
photographic plate or from a computer screen; the
image magnified can reach up to 2 000 000x.

A. Transmission electron microscope (TEM)-

electron beam passes through an ultra- thin sample;
the image magnified and focused onto an imaging
device such as fluorescent screen, to be examined in
fine detail
B. Scanning electron microscope (SEM)- electron
beam bounces off from the surface of the sample;
thus, the image provided is three- dimensional
Parts and Function of a Microscope

1. Eyepiece or Ocular lens, this is the part used to look

through the microscope.

2. Body tube or Lens tubeis connected with the

eyepiece and its main task is to hold it.

3. Revolving nosepiece, it holds the objective lenses. It is movable and it can revolve the
objective lenses depending on the magnification power of the lens.

4. Arm, this is the part connecting the base and to the head and the eyepiece tube to the
base of the microscope. It gives support to the head of the microscope and it is also used
when carrying the microscope.

5. Objectives/ objective lenses, are the major lenses used for specimen visualization. Most
schools have light microscope with three objectives and others have four. Usually, the
shortest one marked 3x, 4x or 5x is called scanner. The lower power objective (LPO) is
marked 10x or 12x, while the high power objective (HPO) is marked 40x, 43x or 60x. The
objectives magnify the object to be observed to a certain size as indicated by the 3x, 10x
or 40x, etc. marks.

6. Stage is the platform that holds the specimen or sample for viewing.

7. Stage clips hold the specimen slides in place.

11 CO_Q2_Science7_ Module1
8. Diaphragm controls the amount of light that passes through the specimen.
9. Coarse adjustment focuses images under the scanner and the low- power objectives.

10. Fine adjustment focuses images under the high- power and oil- immersion
objectives.

11. Light source provides light for the specimen (could be a lamp or a mirror).

12. Base supports the microscope.

What’s More

I’m so happy that you did a great job in every challenge in this module. Now, let
us test how far you’ve gone with our lesson. Write your answer on your activity notebook.

12 CO_Q2_Science7_ Module1
ACROSS

2- a tool which can help you see tiny objects and living organism
4- it supports the microscope
5- controls the amount of light that passes through the specimen
7- provides a space where the slide can be examined
9- provides light for the specimen
10- magnify the specimens

DOWN

1- focuses images under the high- power and oil- immersion objectives
3- holds the slide in place
6- used to carry the microscope
8- part where the viewer views the sample

What I Have Learned

Good job! It truly shows how much you enjoyed and learned our lesson. Are you
ready to have some more? Let’s start the ball rolling.
Directions: Match the function of the microscope in Column A with its part in Column
B. Write the letter of your answer in your activity notebook.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
1. It holds the slide in place. A. fine adjustment
2. It holds the objectives. B. stage clips
3. Provides light for the specimen. C. revolving nosepiece
4. This focuses the images under the D. light source
HPO and oil immersion objectives. E. arm
5. This part allows you to carry F. coarse adjustment
the microscope. G. base
6. This supports the microscope. H. diaphragm
7. Focuses the images under the I. ocular lens
scanner and the LPO. J. body tube
8. It provides a space where the K. stage
slide can be examined. L. rack stop
9. It is connected with the eyepiece.
10.This is the part used to look
through the microscope.

13 CO_Q2_Science7_ Module1
 What I Can Do

Congratulations! You’re fantastic and really enjoyed your exploration in the world
of microscopy. Here is your final challenge to prove what you got. Write your answer in
your activity notebook.

In this time of CoVID19 Pandemic, how useful is the microscope in detecting

the viruses? What kind of microscope is being used in studying this kind of virus?
Here are your criteria to follow in answering this task in order for you to be
guided and lead to an appropriate answer.

FEATURES 4 3 2 1

Quality of • Piece was • Piece was • Piece had • Piece had

Writing written in an written in little style no style
extraordinary an • Gives some • Gives no
style interesting new new
• Very style information
information
informative • Somewhat but poorly
and very
and well informative organized
organized and
poorly
organized organized

Grammar, • No incorrect • Few • A number • So many

Usage & spelling, spelling and of spelling, spelling,
Mechanics punctuation or punctuations, punctuation punctuation
grammatical errors, minor or and
errors grammatical grammatical grammatical
errors errors errors that it
interferes
with the
meaning

14 CO_Q2_Science7_ Module1
 Assessment

Directions: Read each item carefully. Write only the letter of the correct answer for each
question. Write your answer on your activity notebook.
1. In what year did the father-and-son duo spectacles- makers create the first
microscope?
A. 1565
B. 1590
C. 1675
D. 1830

2. Who uses the microscope with only one lens to observe insects and other
specimens?
A. Robert Hooke
B. Richard Zsigmondy
C. Hans & Zacharias Janssen
D. Anton van Leeuwenhoek

3. Who invented the ultra- microscope which allows the observation of specimens
beyond the wavelength of light?
A. Robert Hooke
B. Richard Zsigmondy
C. Anton van Leeuwenhoek
D. Hans & Zacharias Janssen

For items 4 to 6, use the letters in the figure to answer the questions.

4. Which part supports the entire weight of the microscope?

A. Part B
B. Part C
C. Part D
D. Part E

15 CO_Q2_Science7_ Module1
5. Edgar needs to raise the stage to focus the specimen he is studying using the low
power objective. Which part should he manipulate?
A. Part A
B. Part B
C. Part C
D. Part E

6. You are to transfer the microscope to the next room. What parts should you hold to
carry the microscope properly?
A. Part C & E
B. Part B & C
C. Part A & F
D. Part E & J

7. Which part will you adjust if the object you are observing under the HPO is NOT
clear?
A. Coarse adjustment
B. Inclination joint
C. fine adjustment
D. Diaphragm

8. Which of the following describes the function of the mirror?

A. It facilitates the changing of the objectives.
B. It reflects light up to the diaphragm and to the specimen to be observed.
C. It allows one to tilt the microscope, so viewing is possible while seated.
D. Regulates the amount of light reflected to the object to be viewed.

9. Which of the following describes the function of diaphragm?

A. It facilitates the changing of the objectives.
B. It reflects light up to the diaphragm and the specimen to be observed.
C. Regulates the amount of light reflected to the object to be viewed.
D. It allows one to tilt the microscope, so viewing is possible while seated.

10. What is the correct way of carrying a microscope?

A. Hold the arm by grasping with one hand.
B. Hold the base by grasping with two hands.
C. Hold the arm by grasping with one hand and the stage with the other
hand.
D. Hold the arm by grasping with one hand and the base with the other
hand.

11. Total magnification is obtained by .

A. magnifying power of eyepiece.
B. magnifying power of condenser lens.
C. magnifying power of the objective lens.
D. magnifying power of both the objective lens and eyepiece.

16 CO_Q2_Science7_ Module1
12. Which should be used to observe bacteria?
A. 20x obj. and 10x eyepiece
B. 30x obj. and 10x eyepiece
C. 100x oil immersion objective and 10x eyepiece
D. 100x oil immersion objective and 5x eyepiece

13. Why does a microscope stage have a hole in it?

A. To hold the specimen in place.
B. To make the specimen visible.
C. To secure the slide to the stage.
D. To allow the light to pass through.

14. A student wants to see the parts of a plant cell in detail using high power objective.
What part of the microscope will be manipulated?
A. Eyepiece
B. Objective lenses
C. Fine adjustment knob
D. Coarse adjustment knob

15. It is the ability of a microscope to distinguish the finer details in an image.

A. microscopy
B. scanning ability
C. magnification
D. Resolving power

17 CO_Q2_Science7_ Module1
 Additional Activities

Directions: Encircle the parts of the microscope inside the Word Search Box in
vertical, horizontal or slanting spot and write its function below.
Write your answer on your activity notebook.

X V L M M V B A S E T R D F G L O Q X Z T Y O P F

R V B H Y T U I N X M V A W U T C C C C T T Y K I

E S R T U V B O L T E Z A Z H G U V X A Y G H L N

V E C Y Y B R G H L P O R A B V L B F R B B B N E

O R Z B B T E A P I L O M P C B A N N T Z B Z F A

L Y A N O X S B R Y Q I S O X H R Z K G X J X X D

V G E M L W O O B M D L T U V N D A U B C O D Z J

I B F E P W R A H U X J V U B H T S U N T P R Y U

N B T C M Z T T B R V H C J N N G D J H Y G Y T S

G N Y X I Q T D C E G G Z D I A P H R A G M I O T

N G P T R Y B A X W G V V C F T E N U N U U I P M

O Z I G R P N P Z T O R G F E C D H J V S T A G E

S S Y B O O M O R Y A Y H H R B R Y B B N H R I N

E T H V R I O U T R T J J T Y B T W L G O M S K T

P Y T G U O T H Z E B R S R U O Y W P T B A A Q X

I U B O R T E W Z V T B Y T O D G Q X A J T T W Z

E H Y G Z W Q T Y H B O Y V O Y B E C A E W Y R Y

C O A R S E A D J U S T M E N T B R Z S C W R T T

E Q M T Y I O O P X Z C V S Q U N T X S T L G G S

T W M W E R J K G X T T Q Y T B M X X Q I I G H D

R R N S F F V M Y O E T S R G E R Y T O V P B N E

F Y V X C H Y O T G N T Z T V G B Y T Y E O X M R

H U U C Z Y H P R F T H Z V C N V G J K S I Z L T

K I O I U R E R T J G H L L D M K L O P U Y Q P F

B S T A G E C L I P S F R Y H N M M K Q T A B C V

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