Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education

Name Date
Strand General Academic Strand Subject Organization and
Management
Grade and Teacher Ms. Marita S. Icay
Section

Organization and Management

Quarter 1 – Activity 6:
Nature and Levels of Planning

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Most Essential Learning Competency
1. Discuss the nature and levels of planning and types of plans.

MOTIVATION:
What is your plan after the pandemic? How do you usually plan an activity? What will you
do to make sure that your plan will be realized?

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PRESENTATION OF THE LESSON
This set of activities will let you analyze the how do managers from the varied level
of management plan their activity.

INTRODUCTION:
What I Need to Know
This ACTIVITY was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
analyze varied forms of planning of the different levels of managers. The scope of this
ACTIVITY permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used
are fitted for your level as Grade 12 learners. . The lessons are arranged to follow the
standard sequence of the course.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. comprehend the nature of planning;

2. differentiate among strategic, tactical and operational planning; and
3. show how the different planning of the different level are formed.

What Is New?
How do you put your ideas into action?

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DEVELOPMENT

What I Know
Arrange the steps in planning in a chronological order. Write A for the first step and E on
the last.
___________1. Determine where you stand in relation to set goals or objectives.
___________2. Define goals or objectives.
___________3. Implement the plan and evaluate the results.
___________4. Analyze and choose among your action alternatives.

___________5. Develop premises regarding future conditions.

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What’s In
Have you enjoyed our past lesson? . Have you learned the phases of economic development?
Now we are going to have another lesson. Welcome to ACTIVITY 6! It is all about the nature of
planning and the varied types of planning based from the varied managerial levels.

In this lesson, you will discover that there are types of planning based from of
managerial levels. Are you now ready to learn?

You have been already introduced to five essential functions of a manager which s
Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Leading and Controlling. Planning is the process of thinking
before doing. It is also the basic among managerial functions. According to Weihrich as
stated by Enriquez( 2016), Planning involves selecting missions and objectives and the
actions to achieve them ;it requires decision making which s choosing from among the
future alternative course of actions.

Nature of Planning
1. Goal oriented. A manager cannot do planning unless the goal is specifies.
2. Futuristic in nature. It means looking ahead, looking forward.
3. Primary function of a manager.
4. Based on facts and information.
5. Flexible and dynamic.

Task 1. Which among the nature of planning is being described? Write the number
corresponding to the nature of planning.

__________1. Managers must be very efficient and effective of this.

__________2. It serves as the basis for the direction of a company.
__________3. It can be revised based on the current situation.
__________4. There should be SWOT analysis and PEST analysis done.
__________5. It is the first thing done before taking any action.

Steps in Planning
1. Define your goals/objectives.
2. Determine where you stand in relation to set goals/objectives.
3. Develop premises regarding future conditions , anticipate future events and generate
alternative “ scenarios’ for what may happen.
4. Analyze and choose among alternatives.
5. Implement the plan and evaluate results.

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Task 2. Make one future plan that you would like to pursue. Follow the steps of
planning. How will you go with the plan. Your explanation should follow the steps.
1. _______________________________________________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________________________________________
3. _______________________________________________________________________________
4. _______________________________________________________________________________
5. _______________________________________________________________________________

What Is It
Planning at Different Levels in the Firm
Different levels in a company or business firm are all engaged in planning. Planning at
different levels of management include the following: strategic planning, tactical planning
and operational planning.

1. Top-level Management Planning ( Strategic Planning)

Top-level managers are responsible for the organization’s strategic planning,
which involves making decisions about the organizations long-term goals and
strategies.
CEOs, company presidents or the organization’s senior executives develop and
execute the plan on their own; a management team supports and help top-level
managers in carrying out their task. Strategic plan is the plan of a company towards
improvement of all the offices and departments in the company.( Please see attach
Strategic Plan Format)

The components of a strategic plan are:

a. Vision- It is the direction of the company. It is what they envisioned. It answers

the question, “Where does the organization want to be five years from
now?
b. Mission- It is more realistic overview of the company’s aim and ambitions. It
answers the questions, “ Why does the company exists?”; ‘What does it
aim to achieve”.
c. Values- It answers the questions,” How do you want to inspire the world?”; “How
Do you want to be known?”.

2. Middle- level Management Planning ( Tactical Planning)

Tactical planning refers to the set of procedures for changing or transforming
broad strategic and plans into specific goals and plans that are applicable and
needed in one unit of the organization.
It is a short range, one year, a low- level document that breaks own broader
mission statements into a smaller actionable chunks. This plan answer the question
“how”. Example in an organization there are offices like Marketing, Finance, Human
Resource, Secretariat. Each office has their own Tactical planning. (Please see attach
Tactical Plan Format)

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 3. Frontline/Lower-Level Management Planning (Operational Planning)
Operational planning involves identifying the specific procedures and processes
required at the lower levels of the organization. This also involves routine tasks or
task repeatedly done by the organization’s lower level units. It can be either single
use or ongoing:

a. Single Use Plans- created or events/activities with single occurrence, such as

sales rally, marketing campaign and recruitment drive. It highly specific.

b. Ongoing Plans- these plans can be used in multiple settings on an ongoing basis.
It could be a policy, set of rules or procedures. Ongoing plans can be changed tor
repeated as required.

Task 3. Compare and contrast the varied planning types of planning based on the
level of management. Fill in the Venn diagram. Use short word/s.

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ENGAGEMENT
What’s More
Apply the varied types of planning in solving the problem of a given company. You
will show THREE example of planning types using the format attached in this activity
sheet. Use separate paper to show your planning.

Situation: Company X is the owner of a chain of restaurant in Alabang. The pandemic

cause the restaurant to limit its operation but it decided not to close for good because they
have many employees which will be affected. If you will be asked to be a consultant for
their company what will you do with their strategic planning, tactical planning and
operational planning.

What I Have Learned?

Write at least 50 words in discussing what you have learned about the varied types of
planning.

Strategic Planning of the Top Management- ____________________________________________

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Tactical Planning of the Middle Managers-______________________________________________

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Operational Planning of the Frontline Managers-________________________________________

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What I Can Achieve?

Identification. Write your answer on the blank.
____________________1. The highest form of management.
____________________2. The type of planning for the low level managers.
____________________3. The first responsibility of a manager.
____________________4. In a company, it should be the first one to be formulated.
____________________5. It is goal oriented.
____________________6. This plan involves day to day planning.
____________________7. CEOs, Company Presidents and COO belongs to this level of
Management.
____________________8. General managers, Division Managers and Plant Managers belong
to this level.
____________________9. Supervisors, Department Managers and Office Managers belong to
this level.
___________________10. It is the roadmap to achieve the tactical goals within the time
frame.

Answers to Pre-Test

1. B 4. D
2. A 5. C
3. E

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REFLECTION: Fill in the blank provided
I understand that
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I realize that
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(Parent Signature over Printed Name)

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(Subject Teacher Signature Over Printed Name)

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School: SHS in San Nicholas III, Bacoor City
Address: Garnet St. Green Valley, San Nicolas III, City of Bacoor, Cavite
Telephone No: (046) 236 5729
Email: [email protected]