Final Detailed Project Report – MK 12, Mandi Zone

5.8 Gravity Mains

The gravity mains shall be designed to feed the service reservoirs from main balancing reservoirs. The
Gravity mains shall be designed economically for ultimate design period (calculation supported by
appropriate software considering the different stages water demand etc.), based on the principle of
techno- economic feasibility with due consideration to number of factors/parameters which affects the
design. The minimum and maximum velocity shall be considered 0.60m/sec to 2m/sec while designing
conveying main. Considering minimum pipe size criteria , in case of low discharge velocity may be less
than 0,6 m/sec. Regular maintenance is required in case of siltation due to low velocity. Provision for
necessary sluice valves, scour valves, air valves, zero velocity valves, required surged devices etc.
shall be considered and provided in accordance with requirement of topography and technical norms.

The peak factor should be considered as 1.50 times of the average water demand for gravity main and
the minimum diameter shall be 50 mm.

5.9 Water Pumps

Mainly for lifting of water three types of pumps are being used turbine, submersible and centrifugal.
Selection of type of pump is governed by site specific requirements. Prior to selection of pump detailed
consideration must been given to various aspects as mentioned in para 11.1.3 on page 393 of Manual
on Water Supply and Treatment, CPHEEO, MoUD, published in May 1999. For the small drinking water
pumping system, generally capacity less than 10 MLD, 100% standby capacity may be provided. For
greater than 10 MLD systems 50% standby capacity may be provided. (Number of pumping shall be so
selected in such a manner to ensure optimal running considering required varying water demands over
the planning and design period subject to minimum of 4 pumps) - para 9.3 & 9.7 on page no. 9 & 10 of
Manual for Preparation of Detailed Project Report for Rural Water Supply Schemes published by
MoDWS in Feb 2013. Design parameters for Pumps:

a. Discharge in liters per second (LPS) in consideration with pumping hours. Initially pumping
system is required to be designed for the first stage water demands.

b. Total design head (TDH) in m i.e. static water lift in m + dynamic head (like frictional losses,
velocity head at inlet and discharge point, station losses etc. in meters.)

c. Combined efficiency of pump and motor in percentage shall be taken as 60%.

Note:

1. Energy efficient star rated pump should be considered to have higher operating efficiencies para 3 (b)
on pages 5 of manual for preparation of Detailed Project Report for Rural Water Supply Schemes
published by MoDWS in Feb 2013.

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2. Attached hydraulic design of pump.

Raw Water Pumps/ Clear Water Pumps: Suitable water pumps shall be provided 100% standby with
the required design discharge (considering availability of electricity) and total design head along with
all necessary accessories like cables, control panels, safety equipment’s, valves and fittings etc. The
pumps shall be designed on combined efficiency of 60%.

In case of lack of electricity, provision for solar based pumping system may be made considered. Solar
pumping system which consist of photovoltaic array (PV panels) with auto tracking system confirming
to BIS/MNRE/IEC guidelines duly certified as well as pumps powered with DC motors with controller
including mounting structure, accessories and fittings, foundation etc. with required specifications shall
be provided. Solar based mini water supply schemes shall be planned in accordance with guidelines
issued by DDWS subject to validation and requirement of field data.

5.10 Water Treatment

The aim of water treatment is to produce and maintain water that is hygienically safe, aesthetically
attractive and palatable, in an economical manner. The method of treatment to be employed depends
on the nature of raw water constituents and the desired standards of water quality. The Choice of any
sequence of treatment units with depend not only the qualities of the raw water available and treated
water desired but also on the comparative economics as alternative treatment steps applicable.

It shall be ensured that WTP components shall be so designed to permit a 50% overload.

Conventional treatment including pre- chlorination, aeration, plain sedimentation (PS) / Flocculation /
roughening filters (RF), slow sand filters (SSF) / rapid gravity filters (RGF) and post chlorination.
Selection of treatment units shall be decided based on raw water quality and long terms economics in
consideration with life cycle cost approach.

Considering the system subsequently of O&M, preferably for small rural water supply systems, slow
sand filter (SSF) technology (as polishing unit) shall be adopted in conjunction with horizontal
roughening filters (HRF) and or plain sedimentation (PS) (pre-treatment) as well as aeration unit is
required. Rate of filtration for SSF shall be adopted 0.1 to 0.2 m/hr. For HRF rate of filtration will be 0.8
to 1.2 m/hr including gravity feed disinfection system. Collecting sump well capacity shall be kept in
between 45 min to 60 min. The hydraulic design needs to be attached. All filter components shall be
designed in accordance with the laid down norms. In-case of provision of rapid gravity filters, HRF
followed by PS shall be adopted as a pre-treatment.

Clear Water collection sump well capacity shall be kept in between 45 minutes to 60 minutes - para 9.9
on page 11 of Manual of Preparation of Detailed Project Report for Rural Water Supply Schemes
published by MoDWS in February 2013.

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All the treatment unit components are required to be designed in accordance with table 7.3 for slow
sand filters and para 7.6.3 is rapid gravity filters on page 243 of Manual on Water Supply and Treatment
(CPHEEO) published in May 1999.

Attached hydraulic designs of various component of treatment system in accordance with the norms
and guidelines along with layout plan.

 Disinfection
For utmost safety of water for drinking water purpose, disinfection of water must be done.
Provision of an appropriate technical feasible disinfection system is required to be provided in
accordance with the requirement of para 8.4 of Manual on Water Supply and Treatment
CPHEEO, published by MoUD, in May 1999. Contact period usually should not be less than 30
minutes to ensure available residual chlorine of 0.2 pm at consumer end.

 Electric Sub
Based on the requirement of Pumps load and other accessories suitable step-down
transformers shall be provided including all accessories and fittings with 100% standby
arrangement. Suitable provision shall be made for extension of HT line from existing available
point to WTP site in accordance with laid down norms in consultation with electricity board /
agencies. Provision for dedicated power feeder from nearby 133/33 KVA sub-station to water
treatment plant be incorporated in case of very large sized/ mega projects and as per site
techno-economic feasibility.

5.11 Storage Reservoirs

 Function
A storage needs to be provided as a suitable reserve of potable water to provide minimum
interruptions of supply due to failure of mains, pumps etc. They also help in meeting the widely
fluctuating demands over the day, when the supply is by intermittent pumping. They are also
helpful in reducing the size of the mains which would otherwise be necessary to meet the peak
rates of demands.

 Capacity
The capacity of main reservoir shall be for 1-hour storage and service reservoir shall be 1/2 of
total designed demand based on 20 years of design period. The design of service reservoir
shall be based on safe bearing capacity of the soil; a due consideration shall be taken for type
of soil (Black cotton soil) to avoid unequal settlement and for seismic requirements of the area,
preferably raft foundation may be considered in the designs of the reservoir. The staging (if
needed) for storage shall be decided based on total frictional losses in the carrying capacity

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system + residual head required - / + positive / Negative static level difference (ground level of
service storage - maximum ground level of distribution mains). Preference shall be given for
ground level service reservoir subject to the topography. Residual pressure (terminal head)
shall be consider in view with the trend of growth of the village / habitation (may be in between
7 to 12 meters). Ground level storage shall be preferably placed on higher altitude / elevated
ground as well centrally located in consideration with availability of land. The Shape of the
reservoir should be circular having flat bottom. Provision for vertical fitting i.e. inlet, outlet,
overflow, scour, firefighting along with valves and duck foot bends, construction of chambers,
protection work with drain in an around the periphery should be made. Vertical pipes may be
marked with direction of flow and to identity the inlet, outlet, scour, and overflow, color coding
schemes may be adopted as under

Table 5-6 Color Coding of Vertical pipe fitting

Sr. No. Pipe Color Code

2. Outlet Blue

3. Scour Yellow

4. Overflow White

5. Fire Fighting Red

Mesh rouse should be provided over outlet and scour pipe for safety during cleaning &
maintenance purpose of the tank. Bypass arrangements is to be made between the inlet into
the storage and the outlet from the storage. This will facilities supply of water directly to the
distribution system when the storage is taken out of service for cleaning.

Provision of disinfection shall be carried using chlorination or silver ionization at service

5.12 Water Distribution Network (WDN)

The distribution system shall be designed as gravity system. The distribution shall be planned to
facilitate isolation of sections, metering for assessment and control of leakage and wastage. Elevation
of service reservoir shall be kept maintaining minimum residual pressure. Zoning in the distribution
system ensures equalization of water supply in the area. It shall be ensured that zones shall be
interconnected.

The friction losses because fittings; valves, specials etc. to the extent of 15% maximum may be added
to calculate total losses (attach hydraulic Design).

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Design norms for WDN

a) Peak factor 3

b) Minimum Pipe Size 25 mm

c) Minimum residual Pressure (i) 7 m for single storey

(ii) 12 m for double storey

d) Type of pipe: the pipe materials to be used in rising & transmission mains, distribution
network etc. shall be selected, based on the specific design requirements including
local conditions. It should be governed by the State Pipe Policy.

e) Provision for giving households connection through ferrule in WDN

5.13 Provision of SCADA/ Automation

SCADA may, preferably, be incorporated in case of multiple village scheme (Major/Mega schemes)
depending upon techno-economic feasibility.

For efficient functioning of pipeline system of the project suitable provision shall be made for leak
detection as well as swabbing instruments. The automation up to main balancing reservoir shall be
provided in lift schemes.

5.14 Cost Estimates

 Detailed estimates for each component of the scheme shall be prepared in accordance with design
and drawing shall be enclosed. Life Cycle Cost Approach (LCCA) of each component in integrated
manner of proposed water supply system based on techno- economic feasibility over the design
period to ensure sustainability may be followed.

 Rates for each item of work shall be based on the current schedule of rates applicable in the area.
If this schedule is not updated, then the prevailing rates above this schedule shall be used and as
a proof of this (with rate analysis), copies of some sanction orders of approval of such rates for
other neighboring works shall be enclosed. Prevailing rates of materials for items like pipes and
pumps etc. shall be used in preparing these cost estimates and copies of relevant rate contracts/
price lists etc. for such major components shall also be attached with the DPR.

 For compact units like WTP; per MLD rate based on current award can be applied & likewise for
pump house; plinth area rate & per liter rate for tanks can be adopted

 Per capita cost, based on these cost estimates shall be worked out for the census population, for
the present population and for the design population and will be compared with the prevailing per
capita cost of other schemes in the area. Details of funding and year wise requirement of funds

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shall be given.

 The land required for construction of head works and other structures like overhead tanks, ground
level reservoirs etc. shall be arranged by the panchayat free of cost. In case panchayat land is not
available, the land required shall be arranged/purchased by the State Government from own
resources.

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