Tutorials Solutions

Tutorial Two:
Q1/

Process:

Number of variables 13
Number of independent compositions 7
Relations 1
Basis 1
Number of material balance equations (MB)
4
DF 0

Stream 1 2 3 4 total
No. 2 1 0 2 5
selection C1,D1 N2 - B4,D4

Independent equations =5

A:

0.2*N1+0.1*200=0.05*N4+0.75*N2

C+D=0.55*N1

N1=(C+D)/0.55

((20/55)*(C1+D1))+0.1*200-((5/95)*(B4+D4))-0.75*N2=0

B:

((25/55))*(C1+D1))+0.2*200-0.2*N2-B4=0

C:

C1+0.7*200-0.05*N2=0

D:

D1-D4=0

Relation:

N3/N1=0.3

200/0.3=(100/55)*(C1+D1)
(200/0.3)-((100/55)*(C1+D1))=0

Code

Function:

function f=tut21(x)
C1=x(1);D1=x(2);N2=x(3);B4=x(4);D4=x(5);
f(1)=((20/55)*(C1+D1))+20-0.75*N2-((5/95)*(B4+D4));
f(2)=((25/55)*(C1+D1))+40-0.2*N2-B4;
f(3)=C1+140-0.05*N2;
f(4)=D1-D4;
f(5)=(200/0.3)-((100/55)*(C1+D1));
end

Script:

x0=10*ones(1,5);
x=fsolve(@tut21,x0);
A4=((5/95)*(x(4)+x(5)));
fprintf('the flowrate of A in stream 4=%6.2f/n',A4)

Answer from command window:

the flowrate of A in stream 4= 35.48/n>>

Q2\

Process:

Number of variables 12
Number of independent compositions 5
Relations 1
Splitter relation -
Basis 1
Number of material balance equations
5
DF 0

Stream 1 2 3 4 5 6 total
No. 0 2 1 1 1 1 6
selection - S2,W2 N3 N4 N5 N6

Independent equations =6
Mixer:

For S:

310+0.0525*N6-S2=0

For w:

9690+0.9475*N6-W2=0

Reverses osmosis:

For S:

S2-5*10-4*N3-0.0525*N4=0

For w:

W2-0.9995*N3-0.9475*N4=0

Splitter:

For W:

0.9475*N4-0.9475*N5-0.9475*N6=0

Relation:

N6-0.5*N5=0

Code
Function:

function f=reverses(x)
S2=x(1);W2=x(2);N3=x(3);N4=x(4);N5=x(5);N6=x(6);
f(1)=N6-0.5*N5;
f(2)= 310+0.0525*N6-S2;
f(3)= -W2+9690+0.9475*N6;
f(4)= S2-0.0525*N4-((5*10^-4)*N3);
f(5)= W2-0.9995*N3-0.9475*N4;
f(6)=0.9475*N4-0.9475*N5-0.9475*N6;

end

Script :

x0=10*ones(1,6);
x =fsolve(@reverses,x0);
xS2=x(1)/(x(1)+x(2));
xW2=x(2)/(x(1)+x(2));
xW4=(x(4)-0.0525*x(4))/x(4);
xW5=(x(5)-0.0525*x(5))/x(5);
xW6=(x(6)-0.0525*x(6))/x(6);
xW3=(x(3)-0.0005*x(3))/x(3);
fprintf('the value of xS2=%7.4f\n',xS2)
fprintf('the value of xW2=%7.4f\n',xW2)
fprintf('the value of xW3=%7.4f\n',xW3)
fprintf('the value of xW4=%7.4f\n',xW4)
fprintf('the value of xW5=%7.4f\n',xW5)
fprintf('the value of xW6=%7.4f\n',xW6)

Answer from command window:

the value of xS2= 0.0359

the value of xW2= 0.9641

the value of xW3= 0.9995

the value of xW4= 0.9475

the value of xW5= 0.9475

the value of xW6= 0.9475

>>

Q3\

Process:

Number of variables 14
Number of independent compositions 4
Relations 0
Basis 4
Number of material balance equations
6
DF 0

Stream 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 total
No. 0 0 2 0 2 0 2 6
selection - - A3,B3 - A5,B5 - A7,B7

Independent equations =6

Tower (1):

For A:

28-A3=0
For B:

92-B3=0

Mixer:

For A:

18+A3-A5=0

For B:

42+B3-B5=0

Tower (2):

For A:

A5-36-A7=0

For B:

B5-24-B7=0

Code

Function:

function f=towers(x)
A3=x(1);B3=x(2);A5=x(3);B5=x(4);A7=x(5);B7=x(6);
f(1)= 0.5*200-0.9*80-A3;
f(2)=A3+0.3*60-A5;
f(3)=A5-0.6*60-A7;
f(4)=0.5*200-0.1*80-B3;
f(5)=B3+0.7*60-B5;
f(6)=B5-0.4*60-B7;
end

Script:

x0=0*ones(1,6);
x=fsolve(@towers,x0);
xA3=x(1)/(x(1)+x(2));
xB3=x(2)/(x(1)+x(2));
xA5=x(3)/(x(3)+x(4));
xB5=x(4)/(x(3)+x(4));
xA7=x(5)/(x(5)+x(6));
xB7=x(6)/(x(5)+x(6));
fprintf('the value of xA3=%7.4f\n',xA3)
fprintf('the value of xB3=%7.4f\n',xB3)
fprintf('the value of xA5=%7.4f\n',xA5)
fprintf('the value of xB5=%7.4f\n',xB5)
fprintf('the value of xA7=%7.4f\n',xA7)
fprintf('the value of xB7=%7.4f\n',xB7)
Answer from command window:

the value of xA3= 0.2333

the value of xB3= 0.7667

the value of xA5= 0.2556

the value of xB5= 0.7444

the value of xA7= 0.0833

the value of xB7= 0.9167

Tutorial Three:
Q1/

Process:

Number of variables 20+1

Number of independent compositions 4
Splitter Relations 2
Basis 1
Number of material balance equations
14
DF 0

Stream 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 total
No. 0 2 4 1 2 3 3 15+1
selection - N2,G2 A3,H3,N3,G3 A4 N5,G5 N6,G6,H6 N7,H7,G7

Independent equations =16

75.15+H7-((79.52/20.48)*(N2+G2))=0
24.58+N7-N2=0
0.27+G7-G2=0
((79.52/20.48)*(N2+G2))-3*r1-H3=0
N2-N3-r1=0
2*r1-A3=0
G2-G3=0
A3-A4=0
H3-((80.01/19.99)*(N5+G5))=0
N3-N5=0
G3-G5=0
N5-N6-N7=0
G5-G6-G7=0
((80.01/19.99)*(N5+G5))-H6-H7=0
(N6/(N6+G6+H6))-(N7/(N7+G7+H7))=0
(H6/(H6+G6+N6))-(H7/(N7+G7+H7))=0

Code

Function:

function f=reactor1(x)
N2=x(1);G2=x(2);A3=x(3);H3=x(4);N3=x(5);G3=x(6);A4=x(7);
N5=x(8);G5=x(9);N6=x(10);G6=x(11);H6=x(12);N7=x(13);G7=x(14);H7=x(15)
;r1=x(16);
f(1)=75.15+H7-((79.52/20.48)*(N2+G2));
f(2)=24.58+N7-N2;
f(3)=0.27+G7-G2;
f(4)=((79.52/20.48)*(N2+G2))-3*r1-H3;
f(5)=N2-N3-r1;
f(6)=2*r1-A3;
f(7)=G2-G3;
f(8)=A3-A4;
f(9)=H3-((80.01/19.99)*(N5+G5));
f(10)=N3-N5;
f(11)=G3-G5;
f(12)=N5-N6-N7;
f(13)=G5-G6-G7;
f(14)=((80.01/19.99)*(N5+G5))-H6-H7;
f(15)=(N6/(N6+G6+H6))-(N7/(N7+G7+H7));
f(16)=(H6/(H6+G6+N6))-(H7/(N7+G7+H7));
end

Script:

x0=10*ones(1,16);
x=fsolve(@reactor1,x0);
N6=x(10)+x(11)+x(12);
N7=x(13)+x(14)+x(15);
fprintf('the flowrate of purge=%7.4f\n',N6)
fprintf('the flowrate of recycle=%7.4f\n',N7)

Answer from command window:

the flowrate of purge= 2.9940

the flowrate of recycle=891.8367

Q2/
Process:

Number of variables 14+2

Number of independent compositions -
Relations 2
Basis/flows 2
Number of material balance equations
12
DF 0
 Stream 1 2 3 4 5 6 TOTAL
No. 2 0 5 2 1 2 12+2
selection A, O - A, O, P, C, H H, C P A, O

Notice:

In the above table and in upcoming equation we have

A = flowrate of C2H4 , O= flowrate of O2 , P= flowrate of our product (C2H4O)

C= flow rate of CO2 , H= flowrate of H2O

Also notice the number near the flowrate indicates the number of stream

Example; A1= the flowrate of C2H4 in stream 1

Total number of independent variables = 14

Total number of independent equation :

MB= 12

Relations=2

Independent equations =14

equations in terms of unknowns:

MB for mixer:

A1+A6-75=0 (1)

O1+O6-25=0 (2)

MB for reactor:

75-A3-2*r1-r2=0 (3)

25-O3-r1-3*r2=0 (4)

2*r1-P3=0 (5)

2*r2-C3=0 (6)

2*r2-H3=0 (7)

MB for separator:

A3-A6=0 (8)

O3-O6=0 (8)
O3-O6=0 (9)

P3-P5=0 (10)

C3-C4=0 (11)

H3-H4=0 (12)

(P3/75)-(90/100)=0 (13)

75-A3-0.2*75=0( 14)

Code

Function:

function f = mu3nnatut3(x)
A1= x(1); O1 =x(2);A3=x(3);O3=x(4); P3=x(5);C3=x(6); H3=x(7);
H4=x(8); C4=x(9);P5=x(10); A6=x(11); O6=x(12); r1=x(13); r2=x(14);
%MB for unit 1 :
%C2H4 balance:
f(1)=A1+A6-75;
%O2 balance
f(2)=O1+O6-25;
%MB for unit 2:
%C2H4 balance:
f(3)=75-A3-2*r1-r2;
%O2 balance :
f(4)=25-O3-r1-3*r2;
%C2H4O balance:
f(5)=2*r1-P3;
%CO2 balance :
f(6)=2*r2-C3;
%H2O balance:
f(7)=2*r2-H3;
%MB for unit 3:
%C2H4 balance:
f(8)=A3-A6;
%O2 balance
f(9)=O3-O6;
%C2H4O balance:
f(10)=P3-P5;
%CO2 balance:
f(11)=C3-C4;
%H2O balance:
f(12)=H3-H4;
%Given relations:
f(13)=(P3/75)-(90/100);
f(14)=((75-A3)/75)-(20/100);
end

Script:

%initial guess of 5 for all 14 variables:

x0=5*ones(1,14);
x=fsolve(@mu3nnatut3,x0);
FLOWRATE_4=x(8)+x(9);
FLOWRATE_5=x(10);
 FLOWRATE_1=x(1)+x(2);
CON=(x(1))/x(1);
fprintf('FLOWRATE_4=%6.2f\n',FLOWRATE_4)
fprintf('FLOWRATE_5=%6.2f\n',FLOWRATE_5)
fprintf('FEED STREAM FLOWRATE=%6.2f\n',FLOWRATE_1)
fprintf('R1=%6.2f\n',x(13))
fprintf('R2=%6.2f\n',x(14))
fprintf('Total conversion=%6.2f\n',CON)

Answer from command window:

FLOWRATE_4=-210.00

FLOWRATE_5= 67.50

FEED STREAM FLOWRATE=-108.75

R1= 33.75

R2=-52.50

Total conversion= 1.00

Q3/

Process:

Number of variables 7+3

Number of independent compositions 4
Splitter Relations -
Basis 1
Number of material balance equations
5
DF 0

Stream 1 2 TOTAL
No. - 2 2+3
selection - H,C
A= H2 , B=CO2

Reaction equations:

The number of ind. MB = 5

The number of unk.variables =5

So DF=5-5=0

Equations in term of unknown variables H2 , CO2 (A and B respectively):

75-(2*r1)-(3*r2)+r3-H2=0

25-r1-r2-r3-((20/67)*(H2+CO2))=0

r2-((5/67)*(H2+CO2))=0

r1-((8/67)*(H2+CO2))=0

r3-CO2=0

Code

Function:

function f=tut33(x)
r1=x(1);r2=x(2);r3=x(3);H2=x(4);CO2=x(5);
f(1)=75-(2*r1)-(3*r2)+r3-H2;
f(2)=25-r1-r2-r3-((20/67)*(H2+CO2));
f(3)=r2-((5/67)*(H2+CO2));
f(4)=r1-((8/67)*(H2+CO2));
f(5)=r3-CO2;

end

Script:

x0=100*ones(1,5);
x=fsolve(@tut33,x0);
N2=((x(4)+x(5))/0.67);
H2=x(4)/N2;
CO2=x(5)/N2;
fprintf('the composition of H2=%6.2f\n',H2)
fprintf('the composition of CO2=%6.2f\n',CO2)

Answer from command window:

the composition of H2= 0.67

the composition of CO2= -0.00

USING MATRIX:

A=[-2 -3 1 -1 0;
-1 -1 -1 (20/67) (20/67);
0 1 0 (5/67) (5/67);
1 0 0 (8/67) (8/67);
0 0 1 0 -1];
B=[75;25;0;0;0];
x=A\B;
H2=x(4)/(((8/67)*(x(4)+x(5)))+((5/67)*(x(4)+x(5)))+((20/67)*(x(4)+x(5
)))+x(4)+x(5));
CO2=x(5)/(((8/67)*(x(4)+x(5)))+((5/67)*(x(4)+x(5)))+((20/67)*(x(4)+x(
5)))+x(4)+x(5));
fprintf('the composition of H2=%6.2f\n',H2)
fprintf('the composition of CO2=%6.2f\n',CO2)
Answer from command window:

the composition of H2= 0.40

the composition of CO2= 0.27

Tutorial Four:
Q1/

𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑅3 𝑅4 𝑅5
𝐶6𝐻5𝑁𝐻2 −1 0 −1 0 0
𝐶2𝐻5𝑂𝐻 −1 −1 0 0 −1
𝐶6𝐻5𝑁𝐻𝐶2𝐻5 1 0 1 −1 −1
𝐻2𝑂 1 1 0 0 1
𝐶2𝐻4 0 1 −1 −1 0
𝐶6𝐻5𝑁(𝐶2𝐻5)2 0 0 0 1 1
Let R1 be R1*-1

Let R3 be R3 – R1

𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑅3 𝑅4 𝑅5
𝐶6𝐻5𝑁𝐻2 1 0 0 0 0
𝐶2𝐻5𝑂𝐻 1 −1 1 0 −1
𝐶6𝐻5𝑁𝐻𝐶2𝐻5 −1 0 0 −1 −1
𝐻2𝑂 −1 1 −1 0 1
𝐶2𝐻4 0 1 −1 −1 0
𝐶6𝐻5𝑁(𝐶2𝐻5)2 0 0 0 1 1
Interchange row 2 and row 5

𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑅3 𝑅4 𝑅5
𝐶6𝐻5𝑁𝐻2 1 0 0 0 0
𝐶2𝐻4 0 1 −1 −1 0
𝐶6𝐻5𝑁𝐻𝐶2𝐻5 −1 0 0 −1 −1
𝐻2𝑂 −1 1 −1 0 1
𝐶2𝐻5𝑂𝐻 1 −1 1 0 −1
𝐶6𝐻5𝑁(𝐶2𝐻5)2 0 0 0 1 1
Let R3 be R3+R2

Let R4 be R4+R2
 𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑅3 𝑅4 𝑅5
𝐶6𝐻5𝑁𝐻2 1 0 0 0 0
𝐶2𝐻4 0 1 0 0 0
𝐶6𝐻5𝑁𝐻𝐶2𝐻5 −1 0 0 −1 −1
𝐻2𝑂 −1 1 0 1 1
𝐶2𝐻5𝑂𝐻 1 −1 0 −1 −1
𝐶6𝐻5𝑁(𝐶2𝐻5)2 0 0 0 1 1
Let R5 be R5 – R4 and the interchange R3 and R4

𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑅4 𝑅3 𝑅5
𝐶6𝐻5𝑁𝐻2 1 0 0 0 0
𝐶2𝐻4 0 1 0 0 0
𝐶6𝐻5𝑁𝐻𝐶2𝐻5 −1 0 −1 0 0
𝐻2𝑂 −1 1 1 0 0
𝐶2𝐻5𝑂𝐻 1 −1 −1 0 0
𝐶6𝐻5𝑁(𝐶2𝐻5)2 0 0 1 0 0
Interchange row 3 and 6

𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑅4 𝑅3 𝑅5
𝐶6𝐻5𝑁𝐻2 1 0 0 0 0
𝐶2𝐻4 0 1 0 0 0
𝐶6𝐻5𝑁(𝐶2𝐻5)2 0 0 1 0 0
𝐻2𝑂 −1 1 1 0 0
𝐶2𝐻5𝑂𝐻 1 −1 −1 0 0
𝐶6𝐻5𝑁𝐻𝐶2𝐻5 −1 0 −1 0 0

 R1, R2 and R4 are the set of independent reactions

Q2/

(a)

Degree of freedom table:

# of stream variables 4
R 1
Temperatures 2
Q 1
∑ 8
Givens
M.B 3
Conversion 1
Basis 1
E.B 1
Temperatures 1
Q 1
∑ 8
DF ZERO

Independent Unknown variables:

Stream 1 2 ∑
#Independent 0 3 4 + 1R =
variables 5
T 0 1
Selection - F2, M2 , H2, r
T2

Number of independent equations = MB equations + EB equations +

conversion = 3 + 1 + 1 = 5 (O.K) equal to the number of independent
variables.

Independent equations:

1) MB equations:
1. F2 = r
2. M2 = 100 – r
3. H2 = r
 2) Conversion:
100−𝑀2
4. = 0.25
100

3) EB equation:

𝑄 = 𝑟∆𝐻𝑟 + ∑ 𝑁 ∗ 𝐶𝑃 ∗ ∆𝑇 − ∑ 𝑁 ∗ 𝐶𝑃 ∗ ∆𝑇
𝑂𝑈𝑇 𝐼𝑁

𝐶𝐻3 𝑂𝐻(𝑔) → 𝐻𝐶𝐻𝑂𝑔 + 𝐻2 𝑔 ……. The chem. Reaction equation

Tref = 675˚C

∆𝐻𝑟 = ∆𝐻𝑟(25℃) + ∑ 𝑛𝐶𝑃∆𝑇 − ∑ 𝑛𝐶𝑃∆𝑇

𝑃 𝑅

∆𝐻𝑟(25℃) = ∑ ∆𝐻𝑓 − ∑ ∆𝐻𝑓 = −115.9 − (−201.1)

𝑃 𝑅
𝐾𝐽 𝑐𝑎𝑙
∆𝐻𝑟(25℃) = 85.2 = 20363.29
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙

∆𝑯𝒓 = 𝟐𝟎𝟑𝟔𝟑. 𝟐𝟗 + (𝟏 ∗ 𝟏𝟐 ∗ (𝑻𝒓𝒆𝒇 − 𝟐𝟓)) + (𝟏 ∗ 𝟕 ∗ (𝑻𝒓𝒆𝒇 − 𝟐𝟓)) − (𝟏 ∗ 𝟏𝟕 ∗ (𝑻𝒓𝒆𝒇 − 𝟐𝟓))

= 𝟐𝟏𝟔𝟔𝟑. 𝟐𝟗 𝒄𝒂𝒍/𝒎𝒐𝒍

5.
𝑸 = 𝟎 = ( 𝒓 ∗ 𝟐𝟏𝟔𝟔𝟑. 𝟐𝟗 ) + (𝑭𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟐 ∗ (𝑻𝟐 − 𝟔𝟕𝟓))
+ (𝑯𝟐 ∗ 𝟕 ∗ (𝑻𝟐 − 𝟔𝟕𝟓)) + (𝑴𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟕 ∗ (𝑻𝟐 − 𝟔𝟕𝟓)) − 𝟎

∑ 𝑁 ∗ 𝐶𝑃 ∗ ∆𝑇 = 0 (𝐵𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑇𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑚 = 𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒 ∆𝑇 = 0)

𝐼𝑁

Code

Function:

function f=problem1(x)
%constant heat capicities
%cp cal/mol.C
%basis, F1=100 mol
%Hr=86 kj
%1 kj=0.239 kcal=239 cal
Tref=675;cpH=7;cpF=12;cpM=17;
Hr=20554+(cpH-cpM+cpF)*(Tref-25);
M2=x(1);F2=x(2);H2=x(3);T2=x(4);r=x(5);
%MB
f(1)=100-r-M2;
f(2)=r-F2;
f(3)=r-H2;
%CONVERSION
f(4)=((100-M2)/100)-0.25;
%EB
f(5)=r*Hr+(F2*cpF+H2*cpH+M2*cpM)*(T2-Tref);
end

Script:

x0=700*ones(1,5);
x=fsolve(@problem1,x0);
fprintf('T2=%8.3f\n',x(4))

Answer from command window:

T2= 362.800