Problems proposed in the Course

Numerical Analysis

1. Surface. To estimate the surface area and volume of a wine barrel, the diame-
ter of the barrel is measured at different points along the barrel. The surface
area, S, and volume, V , can be determined by
Z L Z L
S = 2π rdz and V =π r2 dz
0 0

Use the data given in the table to determine the volume and surface area of
the barrel.

z(in) -18 -12 -6 0 6 12 18

d(in) 0 2.6 3.2 4.8 5.6 6.0 6.2

(a) Use the composite trapezoidal method. (b) Use the composite Simpson’s
1/3 method. (c) Use the composite Simpson’s 1/8 method.

2. Surface. To estimate the surface area and volume of a wine bottle, the radius
of the bottle is measured at different heights. The surface area, S, and volume,
V , can be determined by:
Z L Z L
S = 2π rdz andV = π r2 dz
0 0

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 Use the data given below to determine the volume and surface area of the vase:

z(cm) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
r(cm) 10.0 11.0 11.9 12.4 13.0 13.5 13.8 14.1 13.6 12.1
z(cm) 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 -
r(cm) 8.9 4.7 4.1 3.5 3.0 2.4 1.9 1.2 1.0 -

(a) Use the composite trapezoidal method. (b) Use the composite Simpson’s
1/3 method. (c) Use the composite Simpson’s 1/8 method.

3. Head Severity. The Head Severity Index (HSI) measures the risk of head
injury in a car crash. It is calculated by:
Z t
HSI = [a(t)]5/2 dt
0

where a(t) is the normalized acceleration (acceleration in m/s2 divided by 9.81

m/s2 ) and t time is seconds during a crash. The acceleration of a dummy head
measured during a crash test is given in the following table

t(ms) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
2
a(m/s ) 0 3 8 20 33 42 40 48 60 12 8 4 3

Determine the HSI

(a) Use the composite trapezoidal method. (b) Use the composite Simpson’s
1/3 method. (c) Use the composite Simpson’s 1/8 method.

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 4. Drug Reaction Rate. The reaction rate to a new drug is given
2 1
y = e−t +
1+t
where t time (in hours) after the drug is administered. Find the total reaction
to the drug from t = 1 to t = 9 by letting n = 8 and using the following
methods: (a) the trapezoidal rule. (b) Simpson’s rule.

5. Growth Rate. The growth rate of a certain tree (in feet) is given by
2 2
y= + e−t /2
t+2
where t is time (in years). Find the total growth from t = 1 to t = 7 by using
n = 12 with the following methods: (a) the trapezoidal rule. (b) Simpson’s
rule.

6. Milk Consumption. The average individual daily milk consumption for

herds of Charolais, Angus, and Hereford calves can be described by a mathe-
matical function. Here we write the consumption in kg/day as a function of
the age of the calf in days (t) as

M (t) = 3.922t0·242 e−0·00357t

Find the total amount of milk consumed from 7 to 182 days for a calf. Source:
Animal Production.

7. Probability. The most important function in probability and statistic is the

density function for the standard normal distribution, which is the familiar
bell-shaped curve. The function is
1 2
f (x) = √ e−x /2
2π

(a) The area under this curve between x = −1 and x = 1 represents the
probability that a normal random variable is within 1 standard deviation of
the mean. Find this probability. (b) Find the area under this curve between
x = −2 and x = 2, which represents the probability that a normal random
variables is within 2 standard deviations of the mean. (c) Find the probability
that a normal random variables is within in standard deviations of the mean.

8. Distancia y velocidad Dos estudiantes de medicina están de viaje en un

auto que tiene el odómetro descompuesto. Para determinar la distancia que

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 recorren entre las 2:00 y 3:00 p.m, toman las lecturas de velocı́metro (mph)
cada 5 minutos.
hora ≥ 2:00 pm 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Velocı́metro(mph) 45.5 48.4 37.7 39.5 55.2 60.8 60.6 55.8

hora ≥ 2:00 pm 40 45 50 55 60
Velocı́metro(mph) 40.5 42.8 37.8 39.5 37.4

Use la regla de Simpson 1/3 para estimar la distancia total recorrida por los
estudiantes durante la hora en cuestión.
9. Rendimiento cardı́aco Por lo general, cuando se mide el rendimiento cardı́aco
los médicos no tienen una fórmula especı́fica C(t), para calcular la concentra-
ción de colorante que pasa por el corazón de un paciente. En lugar de esto,
se usan métodos de análisis de datos. Suponga que 5 mg de colorante se in-
yectaron a cierto paciente en una vena cerca del corazón y que se tomaron
mediciones cada 5 segundos en un periodo de 30 segundo, obteniéndose los
siguientes datos.

t(s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
C(t) mg/L 0 10.8 36.5 35.6 15.2 12.4 8.2

Z 30
Usar la regla de Simpson para estimar la integral C(t)dt. Con base en este
0
resultado. Cuál es el rendimiento cardı́aco aproximado del paciente?.
10. Utilidad neta. El primer dı́a de cada mes, el gerente de una pequeña com-
pañı́a estima el porcentaje al que espera aumenten las utilidades durante ese
mes. Los resultados se citan en el siguiente Tabla para los primeros 6 meses
0
del año. En la Tabla P (t) es el porcentaje de crecimiento de las utilidades,
en miles de dólares por mes, esperados durante el t − esimo mes (t = 1 para
Enero, t = 6 para Junio). Use esta información junto con la regla de los tra-
pecios para estimar la utilidad total obtenida por la compañı́a durante este
periodo de 6 meses (Enero a Junio).

t(meses) 1 2 3 4 5 6
0
%
2 U tilidad P (t) 0.65 0.43 0.72 0.81 1.02 0.97

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 11. Distribución del ingreso. Un sociólogo que estudia la distribución del in-
greso en una sociedad industrial compila los datos que aparecen en la siguiente
Tabla donde L(x) denota la fracción de la riqueza total de la sociedad, recibida
por 100x % de los salarios más bajos de los empleados de esa sociedad. Use
esta información junto con la regla de los trapecios para estimar el ı́ndice de
Gini (GI) para dicha sociedad, es decir,
Z 1
GI = 2 (x − L(x))dx
0

x 0 0.125 0.250 0.375 0.500 0.625 0.750 0.875 1.000

L(x) 0.0000 0.0063 0.0.0631 0.1418 0.2305 0.3342 0.4713 0.6758 1.0000

12. Numerical integration. Estimate the surface area of the golf it green using
the Trapezoid rule and Simpson’s rule.

13. Volume of water in a swimming pool. A rectangular swimming pool is

30 f t wide and 50 f t long. The accompanying table shows the depth h(x) of
the water at 5 − f t intervals from one end of the pool to the other. Estimate
the volume of water in the pool using the Simpson 1/3 Rule with n = 10
applied to the integral Z 50
V = 30.h(x)dx
0

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 Position(ft) x Depth(ft) h(x)
0 6.0
5 8.2
10 9.1
15 9.9
20 10.5
25 11.0
30 11.5
35 11.9
40 12.3
45 12.7
50 13.0

14. Distance traveled. The accompanying table shows time-to-speed data a

sports car accelerating from rest to 130 mph. How far had the car traveled
by time reached this speed?. Use trapezoids to estimate the area under the
velocity curve, but be careful: The time intervals vary in length.

Speed change Time(sec)

Zero to 30 mph 2.2
40 mph 3.2
50 mph 4.5
60 mph 5.9
70 mph 7.8
80 mph 10.2
90 mph 12.7
100 mph 16.0
110 mph 20.6
120 mph 26.2
130 mph 37.1

15. Wing design. The design of a new airplane requires a gasoline tank of cons-
tant cross-sectional area in each wing. A scale drawing of a cross-section here.
The tank must hold 5000 lb of gasoline, which has a density of 42 lb/f t3 .
Estimate the length of the tank by Simpson’s Rule.

y0 = 1.5 f t, y1 = 1.6 f t, y2 = 1.8 f t, y3 = 1.9 f t, y4 = 2.0 f t, y5 = y6 = 2.1 f t

Horizontal spacing = 1 f t.

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 16. Oil consumption on Pathinder Island. A diesel generator runs continuously,
consuming oil at a gradually increasing rate until it must be temporarily shut
down to have the filters replaced. Use the Trapezoidal rule to estimate the
amount of oil consumed by the generator during that week.

Day Oil consumption rate(liters/h)

Sun 0.019
Mon 0.020
Tue 0.021
Wed 0.023
Thu 0.025
Fri 0.028
Sat 0.031
Sun 0.035

17. Elliptical integral. The length (Elliptical integrals) of the ellipse

x2 y 2
+ =1
a2 b 2
turns out to be Z π/2 p
Length = 4a 1 − e2 cos2 tdt
0
√
where e = a2− b2 /ais the ellipse’s eccentricity. The integral in this formula,
called an elliptic integral, in non elementary except when e = 1 or e = 0. Use
the Trapezoidal rule and Simpson’s rule with n = 10 to estimate the length to
the ellipse when a = 1 and e = 1/2.
18. Length. The length of one arch of the curve y = sin x from t = 0 to t = π is
given by Z bp Z πp
0 2
L= 1 + (y ) dx = 1 + cos2 xdx
a 0
Find L by Simpson’s rule with n = 8.
19. Numerical. Apply the Trapezoid rule and Simpson’s rule to evaluate the
following definite integrals. To check your results you can evaluate the integral
with a computer program. For all cases take n = 50.

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 Z 2p Z π
a) 1 + x3 dx c) cos x2 dx
0 0
Z 2 2
1
Z
2
b) √ dx d) ex dx
0 1 + x3 1

20. Lake. We want to determine the volume of a lake that has a depth of 3 meters
and the dimensions of the length and width of the lake are given in the Table.
Use Simpson’s 1/3 rule to approximate the lake area.
Z 100
Area = h(x)dx
0

longitud (m) x ancho (m) h(x) longitud (m) x ancho (m) h(x)
0 6.0 55 14.8
5 8.2 60 15.6
10 9.1 65 18.4
15 9.9 70 17.5
20 10.5 75 15.6
25 11.0 80 14.8
30 11.5 85 12.6
35 11.9 90 10.8
40 12.3 95 9.4
45 12.7 100 8.4
50 13.0

21. Fabrication. Your metal fabrication company is bidding for a contract to

make sheets of corrugated iron roofing like the one shown here. The cross-
sections of the corrugated sheets are to conform to the curve
3π
y = sin x, 0 ≤ x ≤ 20 in
20
If the roofing is to be stamped from flat sheets by a process that does to
stretch the material, how wide should the original material be ?. To find out,
use numerical integration to approximate the length of the sine curve to six
decimal places.

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 22. Surface. Your engineering firm is bidding for the contract to construct the
tunnel shown here. The tunnel is 300 f t long and 50 f t wide at the base. The
cross section is shaped like one arch of the curve
πx
y = 25 cos
50
Upon completion, the tunnel’s inside surface (excluding the roadway) will be
treated with a waterproof sealer that costs 1.75 dollar per square foot to apply.
How much will it cost to apply the sealer? (Hill: Use numerical integration to
find the length of the cosine curve. )

23. Integration. An approximate map of the state of Ohio is shown in the figure.
For determining the area of the state, the map is divided into two parts (one
above and one below the x − axis). Determine the area of the state by nume-
rically integrating the two areas. For each part, make a list of the border as
a function of x. Start with x = 0 and use increments of 10 mi, such that the
last point is x = 230 mi. Once the tabulated dada is available, determine the
integrals once with the composite trapezoidal method.

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 24. Integration. The central span of the Golden bridge is 4200 ft long and the
towers’ from the roadway is 500 ft. The shape of the main suspension cables
can be approximately modeled by the equation
+ e−x/C
 x/C 
e
y=C −1 f or − 2100 ≤ x ≤ 2100 f t
2
where C = 4491. By using the equation
Z bp
L= 1 + (y 0 )2 dx
a
determine the length of the main suspension cables with the following integra-
tion methods: Simpson method. Divide the whole interval into ten subintervals.

25. Integration. A silo structure is made by revolving the curve z = -0.025x4 +

32.4 from x = 0 m to x = 6 m about the z − axis, as shown in the figure to
the right. The surface area, S, that is obtained by revolving a curve z = f (x)
in the domain from a to b around the z − axis can be calculated by
Z b q
S = 2π x 1 + [f 0 (x)]2 dx
a

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 Calculate the surface area of the silo with the following integration methods.
Simpson method. Divide the whole interval into ten subintervals.

26. Integration. A pretzel is made by a robot that is programed to place the

dough according to the curve given by the following parametric equations:

x = (2.5 − 0.3t2 ) cos t, y = (3.3 − 0.4t2 ) sin t

where −4 ≤ t ≤ 3. The length of a parametric curve is given by the integral

s
Z b  2  2
dx dy
L= + dt
a dt dt

Determine the length of the pretzel. For the integration use Simpson method
with n = 10.

27. Simpson. Use the Simpson method to approximate the value of the integral
Z π
1 1
cos2 ( x). sin4 ( x)dx
0 2 2

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 28. Simpson. Use the Simpson method to approximate the value of the integral
Z 5
1
dx
0 0.8x2 + 0.5x + 2

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