Republic of the Philippines

Visayas State University

Visca, Baybay, City Leyte
College of Education
Department of Teacher Education

Practice Teacher: Date and Time:

Val Edmar C. Devocion September 29, 2022 (3:00-5:00)
Cooperating Teacher: September 30, 2022 (1:00-3:00)
Dr. Leo A. Mamolo

DETAILED LESSON PLAN FOR GENERAL MATHEMATICS

Subject: General Mathematics Grade Level: Grade XI

Content Area: Operations on Functions
Module/Lesson: Module 1 – Lesson 1.3

Title of the Lesson:

Addition and Subtraction of Functions

I. Intended Learning Outcomes:

At the end of the lesson, the Grade XI students will be able to:
1. Perform addition and subtraction of functions with 95% confidence.
2. Solve given function composition comprehensively.

Values Integration:
• Problem Solving Skills – students will be able to solve the given functions
involving addition and subtraction
• Accuracy - students will accurately perform addition and subtraction of
functions.

II. Content and Materials:

Subject: General Mathematics
Topic: Addition and Subtraction of Functions
Reference: Mamolo, L. (2020). General Mathematics: Functions, Business
Mathematics and Logic. pp 19-26.
Instructional Materials:
▪ Modules
▪ Laptop
▪ PowerPoint Presentation
▪ Projector
III. Teaching-Learning Experiences

Planned Teacher Behavior Expected Student Behavior

A. Routinary Activities:

a. Greetings
• Good morning, class! • Good morning, sir.
• For now, I am your teacher in
General Mathematics. I hope we
will get along well. Is it okay class? • Yes sir.

b. Prayer
• But before we start our discussion
let us pray first and ask guidance • Our Father…Amen.
from our Lord. Please stand up
everyone.

c. Energizer
• Okay class. Let us have an *The student will execute the energizer*
energizer. • Thank you, sir.
• You may take your seats.

d. Checking of attendance • No one is absent sir.

• Who is absents for today class?
• Okay very good! We have a perfect
attendance.

e. Checking of Learning Task/Check

• Are you done with your learning • Yes sir.
task and your learning check that
was uploaded to our VSU E-
Learning?
• Wow very good!

B. Preparatory Activity

a. Review
• In your previous lesson with Sir
Leo, you have tackled about • Relation sir is any set of ordered
Relations and Functions. Again, pairs donated by (x, y).
what is relation?

• Okay very good!

• Now, how about functions? Who • Function is a type of relation

can recall what is a function? where there is exactly one output
in every input. For every x there
is exactly one y.
• Wow Very good!
• Now, in order to verify if you really
have understood the previous *The students will raise their hands and
topic, can you tell me if the given answer the given relation*
example is a function or not? Any
volunteer?

1. {(−1, 0), (0, −3), (2, −3), (3,0)} • Function

2. {(6,10), (−7, 3), (0, 4), (6, −4)} • Not function

3. {(−1, 4), (2, 4), (4, 0), (−5, 5)} • Function

4. • Function

5. • Not function

• Okay very good! Based on your

answer you have already learned
what is relation and function and I
think you’re all ready for our next
lesson.

b. Motivation

• But before anything else, I know all

of you find Mathematics difficult,
but always keep in mind that math
is significantly essential to our life.
As what sir Leo always say
“Learning mathematics is a matter
of mindset” If you set your mind
with positive thoughts like “I can do
this” then “You can do it”
C. Developmental Activities

a. Activating Prior Knowledge

• Now let us have a group activity
which is entitled "Find My Hidden
Message." I will group you into two
groups. Each group will be given
the same set of problem. You must
fall in line and answer the given
problem accordingly. Then, you
need to find the correct answer on
the scattered strips of paper in
front of you because each answer
has a corresponding letter that will
reveal the hidden message. After
you get the correct answer, you
must all read together loudly the
message you have formed.
• Are you ready class? • Yes sir.

Problem: Answer:
(Corresponding Letters)
Group 1 Group 2

1. 5 + 7 = 1. 12 K Y

2. −3 + (−4) = 2. −7 E O

3. 2 + (−3) = 3. −1 E U

4. 3 − (−3) = 4. 6 P C

5. −7 − (2) = 5. −9 F A

6. 4 − 10 = 6. −6 I N

7. 9 − 2 = 7. 7 G D

8. −6 + 8 = 8. 2 H O

9. −1 + (−4) = 9. −5 T T

10. −3 + 3 = 10. 0 I H

3 2 11. 1 N I
11. 5 + 5 =
1
3 4 12. 6 G S
12. 2 − 3 =
 Hidden Message:

Group 1: “Keep Fighting”

Group 2: “You can do this”

• Thank you, class, for your

participation. Great job!

b. Analysis

• Now, who can share with us their

observation in the previous
activity? What have you noticed
with the given problem?

• Yes student 3? • I have observed sir that it

involves addition, subtraction
and fractions.
3 2
• Okay thank you. Now, how did you • Since 5 + 5 have the same
solve number 11? denominator, we just copy the
denominator and add the
numerator sir.

• How about number 12? How did • By getting the LCD sir.
you get the correct answer?

• Okay very good, if we are to

add/subtract dissimilar fractions,
we need to solve for the least
common denominator (LCD) of the
given fractions. And take note that
Least Common Denominator or
LCD is the smallest common
multiple for all the denominators in
a group of fractions.

• For example, on item number 12 in •

3 4
The LCD of and sir is 6.
3 4 2 3
the given activity, 2 and 3 what is
their LCD?

• That’s right, the LCD is 6 because

the smallest common multiple for
the denominators 2 and 3 is 6.

• Recall that common multiples are

the multiples that are
shared/common by a given set of
 numbers. In order to find the
common multiples of 2 and 3, we
list the multiples of 2 and 3
separately and then find the
multiples that are common in both
the lists. The multiples of 2 can be
listed as 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16,
18 and so on. The multiples of 3
can be listed as 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18,
and so on. Now, if we find the
multiples that are common in both
the lists, we get 6, 12, and 18.
These are termed as the common
multiples of 2 and 3. But since LCD
is the smallest common multiple of
the numbers, we get 6.

• Did you get it class? • Yes sir.

• Well done, everyone. And along

the discussion we will encounter
more of these.

c. Abstraction
• So now, based from the activity • I think our topic for today sir
what do you think will be our topic involves adding and subtracting.
for today?

• Our topic for today is all about

operations on functions specifically
on adding and subtracting
functions. At the end of the lesson,
students are expected to:
1. Perform addition and
subtraction of functions with
95% confidence.
2. Evaluate functions that
involves addition and
subtraction

• Just a little recap/review, during

high school days, you were taught
in your algebra subject on how to
add and subtract polynomials.

• Polynomial is a mathematical
expression of one or more
algebraic terms each of which
consists of a constant multiplied by
 one or more variables raised to a
nonnegative integral power.

• For example:

• To add/subtract polynomials, we
simply add/subtract polynomials
with like terms. For example:

1. 𝑥 + 𝑥 = 2𝑥
2. 5𝑥 − 2𝑥 = 3𝑥
3. 3𝑦 2 + 4𝑦 2 = 7𝑦 2
5𝑧 3𝑧 8𝑧
4. + 2 = 2 = 4𝑧
2
5. 6𝑦 2 − 5𝑦 2 = 𝑦 2

• Now, what if we are to add/subtract

rational expression? (Note:
Rational Expressions is the ratio of
two polynomials)
2 3
• Example 1: Find the sum of 𝑦 + 𝑥
Solution: The LCD of the rational
expressions is 𝑥𝑦.

𝑥(2) 𝑦(3)
= +
𝑥𝑦 𝑥𝑦
2𝑥 3𝑦
= +
𝑥𝑦 𝑥𝑦

2𝑥 + 3𝑦
=
𝑥𝑦

• Example 2: Find the difference of

4 7
3
− 2
𝑏 𝑎𝑏

Solution: If the exponents of the

variables in the denominator is
different, you only get the variables
with highest exponent. Hence, in
this example, the LCD of the
rational expressions is 𝑎𝑏 3 .

𝑎(4𝑎) 𝑏(7)
= −
𝑎𝑏 3 𝑎𝑏 3
 4𝑎2 7𝑏
= 3− 3
𝑎𝑏 𝑎𝑏

4𝑎2 − 7𝑏
=
𝑎𝑏 3

• Example 3: Find the difference of

𝟏 2
and .
𝒙−𝟑 𝑥−5

Solution: The LCD of the rational

expressions is (x − 3)(x − 5) or
x 2 − 8x + 15

1 2
= −
𝑥−3 𝑥−5

𝑥−5 2(𝑥 − 3)
= −
(𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 − 5) (𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 − 5)

𝑥 − 5 − 2𝑥 + 6
=
(𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 − 5)

−𝑥 + 1
=
(𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 − 5)

−𝑥 + 1
=
𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 15

• Definition. Let f and g be

functions.

1. Their sum, which is denoted

by (𝑓 + 𝑔), is the function
defined by (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥) =
𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥).

2. Their difference, which is

denoted by (𝑓 − 𝑔), is the
function defined by (𝑓 −
𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥).

• Example 1: Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 1 and

𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 1
Determine the following functions:
a. (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥)
b. (𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥)
 Solution:
a. (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥)
= (𝑥 2 − 1) + (𝑥 + 1)
= (𝑥 2 − 1 + 𝑥 + 1)
= 𝑥2 + 𝑥

b. (𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)

= (𝑥 2 − 1) − (𝑥 + 1)
= (𝑥 2 − 1 − 𝑥 − 1)
= 𝑥2 − 𝑥 − 2
2𝑥+1
• Example 2: Let 𝑠(𝑥) = and
𝑥−7
𝑥−3
𝑡(𝑥) = 𝑥−7
Determine (𝑠 + 𝑡)(𝑥).
Solution:
(𝑠 + 𝑡)(𝑥) = 𝑠(𝑥) + 𝑡(𝑥)
2𝑥 + 1 𝑥−3
=( )+( )
𝑥−7 𝑥−7
2𝑥 + 1 + 𝑥 − 3
=
𝑥−7
3𝑥 − 2
=
𝑥−7

𝑥+7
• Example 3: Let 𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑥−2 and
𝑥−2
𝑞(𝑥) = 𝑥+3
Determine (𝑝 − 𝑞)(𝑥)

Solution:
(𝑝 − 𝑞)(𝑥)

= 𝑝(𝑥) − 𝑞(𝑥)
𝑥+7 𝑥−2
=( )−( )
𝑥−2 𝑥+3
(𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 + 7) (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 2)
= −
(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 3) (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 3)
𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 + 21 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4
= −
(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 3) (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 3)

𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 + 21 − 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 4
=
(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 3)
 14𝑥 + 17
=
(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 3)

14𝑥 + 17
=
𝑥2 + 𝑥 − 6

• Use the following functions for

Examples 4-5:

𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 1
𝑞(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 2
2𝑥+1
𝑟(𝑥) = 𝑥−1

• Example 4: Express the function

𝑓1(𝑥) = (𝑥 2 + 3) as the sum or
difference of the functions above.

Solution:
The solution can involve some trial
and error. Add 𝑞(𝑥) and 𝑓(𝑥) and
check if the sum is 𝑥 2 + 3.

𝑞(𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑥) = (−2𝑥 + 2) + (2𝑥 + 1)

= 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 2 + 2𝑥 + 1
= 𝑥 2 + 3 = 𝑓1(𝑥)

𝑓1(𝑥) = 𝑞(𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑞 + 𝑓)(𝑥)

• Example 5: Express the function

2𝑥 2 +𝑥
𝑓2(𝑥) = 𝑥−1 as the sum or
difference of the given functions
above.

Solution:
2𝑥 2 +𝑥
Because has (𝑥 − 1) as a
𝑥−1
2𝑥+1
denominator, then 𝑟(𝑥) = 𝑥−1
must be one of the functions in our
solution. Let us try to add 𝑓(𝑥) and
𝑟(𝑥)

2𝑥 + 1
𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑟(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 1 +
𝑥−1

(2𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1) (2𝑥 + 1)

= +
𝑥−1 𝑥−1
 (2𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1) + (2𝑥 + 1)
=
𝑥−1

(2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 1) + (2𝑥 + 1)
=
𝑥−1

2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 1 + 2𝑥 + 1
=
𝑥−1

2𝑥 2 + 𝑥
= = 𝑓2(𝑥)
𝑥−1

𝑓2(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑟(𝑥) = (𝑓 + 𝑟)(𝑥)

• Did you get it class? Easy right? • Yes sir.

d. Application

• Good to hear that class. To test

your understanding in adding and
subtracting functions. In your own
sit, try to answer the following:

1. 𝑓(𝑥) = −3𝑥 + 7
ℎ(𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 − 8
Find (𝑓 + ℎ)(𝑥)

2. 𝑟(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 3
𝑠(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 7
Find (𝑠 − 𝑟)(3)

3. 𝑢(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 4
𝑣(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 8
Find (𝑢 + 𝑣)(1)

• Okay, are you done answering

class? For 3 points, I want a • Student 1 &2 will show his/her
volunteer to show the solutions on solution in the board.
the board.

• Very good students. How about the

others? Did you get the same
answer? Check your own work and • Yes sir.
put 2 points.
 e. Generalization
• Okay, since you already learned
how to add and subtract functions,
we will have a short activity called
"Pass, Pick, and Try" in order to
know if you really understood our
discussion. I have here a small box
which contains papers with
questions regarding adding and
subtracting functions. The
mechanics of this activity is you will
sing a song Up and Down and
Shake, Shake, Shake. Whoever
receive the small box when the
song stops, you will pick a question
from the small box. And if you get
the correct answer, you will receive
points.

• Are you all ready? • Yes sir.

(Questions inside the box) Answer:

• Let r and q be functions, how do • (𝑟 + 𝑞)(𝑥) = 𝑟(𝑥) + 𝑞(𝑥)

compute their sum?

• Let j and k be functions, how do we • (𝑗 − 𝑘)(𝑥) = 𝑗(𝑥) + 𝑘(𝑥)

compute their difference?

• If we add/subtract functions with • Copy the denominator and add

like denominator, what do we do the numerator
need to do?

• If we add/subtract functions with

unlike denominator, what do we do • Find their LCD
need to do?

• What have you learned from the • Students’ answer may vary
discussion today?

f. Evaluation

• I think you are all ready for the

quiz. Get 1 whole sheet of paper
and answer the following within 15
minutes.
 1. 𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = −2𝑥 3 + 2𝑥
Find (𝑔 + 𝑓)(𝑥)
𝑥+5
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥−7
3
𝑔(𝑥) =
𝑥−7
Find (𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥)

3. ℎ(𝑛) = −2𝑛3 + 3𝑛2

𝑔(𝑛) = 2𝑛 − 4
Find (ℎ + 𝑔)(𝑛)

4. 𝑔(𝑎) = 3𝑎2 − 3𝑎
𝑓(𝑎) = 4𝑎 + 5
Find (𝑔 − 𝑓)(2)
2𝑥+3
5. 𝑡(𝑥) = 𝑥+1
𝑥−5
𝑢(𝑥) =
𝑥−1
Find (𝑡 + 𝑢)(3)

g. Assignment

• Okay class, for you to practice

more, I will give you an assignment
regarding our topic for today and
you will write your answer in a one
whole sheet of paper. Please copy
this one.

• Instruction: Perform addition

and/or subtraction on the following
functions. Show your solution
neatly and systematically. Express
your answer in simplest form.

1. 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 3
𝑓(𝑥) = −3𝑥 + 3
Find (𝑔 + 𝑓)(𝑥)
𝑎+1
2. 𝑓(𝑎) = 𝑎−2
𝑎−7
𝑔(𝑎) =
𝑎+4
Find (𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥)

3. ℎ(𝑛) = 𝑛3 + 3𝑛2
 𝑔(𝑛) = −2𝑛 − 6
Find (ℎ + 𝑔)(𝑛)

4. 𝑔(𝑎) = 2𝑎 − 4
𝑓(𝑎) = 𝑎2 + 5
Find (𝑔 − 𝑓)(5)

𝑥2
5. ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥−10
𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 = 6
𝑢(𝑥) =
𝑥 − 10
Find (𝑡 + 𝑢)(3)

• That’s all for today class, thank you

for listening and participating. I
hope you have learned something.
Goodbye. • Good bye sir, thank you.
• Enjoy the rest of the day. God
bless everyone.