OBJECTIVE

………………………..
…………….
……..

To study the factors on which the Self Inductance of a

coil depends By observing the effect of this coil,
When put in series with a resistor (bulb) in a circuit
fed up by an A.C. Source of adjustable frequency.

Fig: Self inductance

1
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my special thanks
of gratitude to my teacher Mr. Subhashish
Maharana and my Principal Mr. Himanshu
Sandhibigraha who have given me the golden
opportunity to do this wonderful project on the
topic “the Self Inductance of a coil depends By
observing the effect of this coil, When put in
series with a resistor (bulb) in a circuit fed up
by an A.C. Source of adjustable
frequency.”which also helped me in doing a lot
of research and I came to know about so many
new things. I am really thankful to them.

Secondly, I would also like to thank

my parents , friends and my teachers who helped
me a lot in finalizing this project within the
limited time frame.
…………………
………..
2
 …..
…

INDEX
………………………….…….…………..

▪ Introduction
▪ Aim
▪ Apparatus Required
▪ Theory
▪ Circuit Diagram
▪ Procedure
▪ Observations
▪ Result
▪ Precautions
 Conclusion
▪ Sources of Error
 Bibliography
3
 INTRODUCTION
There are four basic factors of inductor
construction determining the amount of
inductance created. These factors all indicate
inductance by affecting how much magnetic field
flux will develop for a given amount of magnetic
field force (current through the inductor’s wire
coil).
The factors are:-
 NUMBER OF TURNS” IN THE COIL.
 COIL AREA.
 COIL LENGTH.

4
  CORE MATERIAL.

5
 AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT
To study the factor on which the Self Inductance
of a coil depends by observing the effect of this
coil, when put in series with a resistor (bulb) in a
circuit fed up by an A.C.
source of adjustable frequency.
APPARATUS REQUIRED

Fig: The coil Fig: Ac source

Fig: A bulb Fig: AC Ammeter Fig: Rheostat

6
 Fig: Iron Rod Fig: One way key Fig: Wires

THEORY
Self Inductance is the property of a coil which
opposes the change in current through it. The Self
Inductance of a coil (long solenoid) is:
L=μo μ
N2 A
r l

μ
Where, r=Relative magnetic Permeability of
magnetic material
 N= Total number of turns in Solenoid
 A= Area of cross section of Solenoid
 l= Length of solenoid

 Hence, the Self Inductance depends upon :

 No. of turns (N), L αN
2

 Geometry of coil, L=A , L α 1/l

 Nature of core material, L=μ

7
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
 Self inductance is defined as the induction
of a voltage in a current-carrying wire when
the current in the wire itself is changing.
 In the case of self-inductance, the magnetic
field created by a changing current in the
circuit itself induces a voltage in the same
circuit.
 Therefore, the voltage is self-induced.The
self-inductance of the coil depends on its
geometry and on the permeability of the
medium.

8
  When an inductor is connected in series
with a resistor (bulb) with a Variable source of
frequency, then current flowing in the bulb is:
Irms=Erms

Z=√ R +√ ( Xc−X )
2 2

OR
Z=√ ( R +w L )
2 2 2

 Where,
 Z=Impedance of the AC circuit
 R=Resistance of the bulb
 L=Self Inductance of the coil
 w=2πf=Angular frequency

 The brightness of bulb i.e. Heat generated

in bulb is:
H=I Zt 2

OR
P=H/t= I rm s 2 Z

Or,P = 2 2 2
I rm s ( R +w L )
2

9
 PROCEDURE
1) Make all connections as shown in circuit
diagram.
2) Switch on the A.C. supply and adjust the
constant current in the circuit by using the
variable resistor (R1) (let frequency of
source is 60 Hz and voltage is 6V).
3) Record the current in A.C. ammeter and
see the brightness of bulb.
4) Now, put the soft iron rod inside the
inductor core and record the current in A.C.
ammeter and again check the brightness of
bulb. The current and brightness both
decreases.
5) Now, switch off the supply and decrease
the frequency of AC Source (let say 50Hz)

10
11
 6) Again switch on the supply and adjust the
current in circuit at same constant voltage
6V by using the rheostat. Note the current in
ammeter and brightness of bulb. The current
and brightness both will increases.
7) Again insert the iron in the core Of coil
and note the current and Brightness. The
current and Brightness both decreases.
8) Repeat the steps 5, 6 and 7 for different
frequency of AC source (say 40Hz,30Hz and
20Hz).

Experimental setup of the given mentioned procedures

12
13
 OBSERVATIONS
 Least Count Error= 0 A.
 Zero error of ammeter =0 A.
 Range of ammeter = 0-5 A.

9)

14
 RESULT
 The current in the circuit decrease on
inserting the iron rod in the core of coil at
constant frequency of applied voltage and
brightness of bulb decreases and vice-versa.
 The current in the circuit increases on
decreasing the frequency of applied voltage
and vice-versa. Therefore, the brightness of
bulb increases.

PRECAUTIONS
 The coil should have large Number of
turns.
 Current should be passed for a small time
to avoid the heating effect.

15
  There should not be parallax in taking the

reading of ammeter.
SOURCES OF ERROR
 The resistance of circuit may increases
slightly due to heating effect of current.
 There may be eddy current in Soft iron

16
 coil.

 Connection would not be perfect if there is

any mistake in the circuit
 AC source should be well maintained
 Best quality materials should be used to
avoid the chances of risks

………………………….

17
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
https://love2dev.com/blog/this-page-is-trying-to-
load-scripts-from-unauthenticated-sources/
https://circuitglobe.com/what-is-self-
inductance.html
https://www.toppr.com/ask/content/concept/self-
inductance-209820/
https://www.scribd.com/document/381384998/
Physics-Investigatory-Project
https://www.seminarsonly.com/Engineering-
Projects/Physics/self-inductance-of-a-coil.php
https://lms.su.edu.pk/download?
filename=1603624707-lab-06.pdf&lesson=34373
https://www.udeyraj.com/variable-frequency-ac-
source/#:~:text=UDEY%2DFRIVO%20easily
%20converts
%20mains,150%20%E2%80%93%20300V
%2045%20%E2%80%93%2070%20Hz

18