10/21/2022

Assiut University
College of Engineering
Civil Engineering Department

Course title:

CE 221
THEORY OF STRUCTURES 1-A

Ch. 3-1: Direct Shear Stresses

1
Lecturers:
Dr. Mahmoud H. Mansour
Prof. Aly Gamal A. AbdelShafy Prof. Shehata E Abdel Raheem

Straining Actions
Prof. Shehata E Abdel Raheem
Dr. Mahmoud H Mansour

Normal stress Shear stress

N, Mx and My Qx , Qy and Mt
CE 221 Theory of Structures 1-A

Prof. Aly Gamal A AbdelShafy

Shear Stress

Direct Shear Indirect Shear 2

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Definition of Shear Stress

Prof. Shehata E Abdel Raheem

A shear stress, (t), is defined
as the component of stress
coplanar with a material cross
section. Shear stress arises

Dr. Mahmoud H Mansour

from the force vector
component parallel to the

CE 221 Theory of Structures 1-A

cross section.

Prof. Aly Gamal A AbdelShafy

A shear stress between two
objects occurs when a force
pulls the object along the
same plane as the face of the
object abutting another object
that is being pulled in the 3
opposite direction.

Direct Shear Stress

Prof. Shehata E Abdel Raheem

The joint is called a lap joint and the connecting rivet is said to be in
single shear , while two cross-sectional; area of the same rivet resist the
applied load, the rivet is said to be in double shear
Dr. Mahmoud H Mansour
CE 221 Theory of Structures 1-A

Prof. Aly Gamal A AbdelShafy

Failure modes of a riveted joint

1- Normal Stress Failure

2- Shear Failure of rivets 4
3- Crushing/bearing Failure
4- Shear of Plates/Tear out
failure

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Example: For the shown connection, calculate the

maximum value of the load P so that:

Prof. Shehata E Abdel Raheem

maximum tensile stress (s) ≤ 14 kN/cm2
maximum shear stress (t) ≤ 9.6 kN/cm2

Dr. Mahmoud H Mansour

maximum bearing stress (sc) ≤ 24 kN/cm2

CE 221 Theory of Structures 1-A

Prof. Aly Gamal A AbdelShafy

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Modes of Failure of a riveted joint

Prof. Shehata E Abdel Raheem

1- Normal Stress Failure

P = s*Anet = 14*1.6*(20-2*1.8)
= 367.36 kN
Dr. Mahmoud H Mansour

2- Shear Failure of rivets Ar = 2.54 cm2

Double shear failure
CE 221 Theory of Structures 1-A

P = n*Ar*tr = 4*(2*2.54)*9.6
Prof. Aly Gamal A AbdelShafy

= 195.07 kN

3- Crushing Failure tmin=1.6 or 1+1 tmin=1.6 cm

P = n*fr*tmin*sb = 4*1.8*1.6*24 = 276.50 kN

4- Shear of Plates (L = 9+4.5 = 13.5 cm) 6

P = n*L*tmin*tb = 4*13.5*1.6*9.6 = 829.44 kN
The allowable value of P =195.07 kN
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Prof. Shehata E Abdel Raheem

1- Tensile Failure of plates

Dr. Mahmoud H Mansour

2- Shear Failure of rivets

CE 221 Theory of Structures 1-A

Prof. Aly Gamal A AbdelShafy

3- Shear Failure of plates

The allowable value

is the smallest one,
4- Crushing (bearing) Failure P =21.6 t 7

Shear stress of a beam

Prof. Shehata E Abdel Raheem

It is defined as the internal

shear stress of a beam
caused by the shear force
Dr. Mahmoud H Mansour

applied to the beam.

CE 221 Theory of Structures 1-A

Prof. Aly Gamal A AbdelShafy

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Shear stress formula for beams

Prof. Shehata E Abdel Raheem

Dr. Mahmoud H Mansour
CE 221 Theory of Structures 1-A

Prof. Aly Gamal A AbdelShafy

Consider an element of a beam contained between two cross sections a-a
and b-b at a distance dx apart and let M & Q and (M+dM) & (Q-dQ)be
the values of bending moments and shearing forces across the two
sections.
𝑴
at sec a-a, Stress 𝝈=f= y
𝑰𝒙

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𝑴 𝒅𝑴
at sec b-b, Stress 𝝈 + 𝒅𝝈 = f+df = y
𝑰𝒙

Shear stress formula for beams

Prof. Shehata E Abdel Raheem
Dr. Mahmoud H Mansour
CE 221 Theory of Structures 1-A

Prof. Aly Gamal A AbdelShafy

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Prof. Shehata E Abdel Raheem

Dr. Mahmoud H Mansour
CE 221 Theory of Structures 1-A

Prof. Aly Gamal A AbdelShafy

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For a beam of rectangular cross section, We can reasonably assume that the
shear stresses τ act parallel to the shear force V. The distribution of shear
Prof. Shehata E Abdel Raheem

stresses is uniform across the width of the beam.

 Shear stresses on one side of an

element are accompanied by shear
Dr. Mahmoud H Mansour

stresses of equal magnitude acting

on perpendicular faces of an
element.
CE 221 Theory of Structures 1-A

Prof. Aly Gamal A AbdelShafy

 Thus, there will be horizontal shear

stresses between horizontal layers
(fibers) of the beam, as well as,
transverse shear stresses on the
vertical cross section.

 At any point within the beam these

complementary shear stresses are
equal in magnitude. 12

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The existence of horizontal Concrete is affected by the

Prof. Shehata E Abdel Raheem

shear stresses in a beam can tensile component of principal
be demonstrated as follows. shear stress

Dr. Mahmoud H Mansour

CE 221 Theory of Structures 1-A

Prof. Aly Gamal A AbdelShafy

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Shear Stress Distribution for Rectangular section

Prof. Shehata E Abdel Raheem
Dr. Mahmoud H Mansour
CE 221 Theory of Structures 1-A

Prof. Aly Gamal A AbdelShafy

𝑦== − 𝑦 + 𝑦= +
t=
𝑆 = 𝑏( − 𝑦)( + ) = (1 − )
𝐼= t= (1 − )
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𝟑𝑸
at the N. A. i.e. when y = 0 t = tmax tmax =
𝟐𝑨

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Shear Stress Distribution for Circular section

Prof. Shehata E Abdel Raheem

t=

𝑏 = 2𝑅 cos q

Dr. Mahmoud H Mansour

Ix =πR4/4

CE 221 Theory of Structures 1-A

Prof. Aly Gamal A AbdelShafy

S = ∫ 𝑏 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 dy = 𝑅 cos q dq y = 𝑅 sin q
π/
S =2R3∫q 𝑐𝑜𝑠2q sin q 𝑑q   𝑅3 𝑐𝑜𝑠3q
t= cos2q  (1− sin2q  (1− 
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𝟒𝑸
at the N. A. i.e. when y = 0 t = tmax tmax =
𝟑𝑨

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Shear Stress Distribution Diagram

Prof. Shehata E Abdel Raheem
Dr. Mahmoud H Mansour
CE 221 Theory of Structures 1-A

Prof. Aly Gamal A AbdelShafy

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Example: Calculate the maximum shearing force which the shown I -

section can carry if the allowable shear is 0.9 t/cm2. Compute the
percentage shearing force carried by the web.

Prof. Shehata E Abdel Raheem

Dr. Mahmoud H Mansour
CE 221 Theory of Structures 1-A

Prof. Aly Gamal A AbdelShafy

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Example: For the shown hollow rectangular section, draw the shear
stress distribution due to a shearing force Qx = 20 t.
Prof. Shehata E Abdel Raheem
Dr. Mahmoud H Mansour
CE 221 Theory of Structures 1-A

Prof. Aly Gamal A AbdelShafy

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Example: For the shown hollow rectangular section, draw the shear
stress distribution due to a shearing force Qx = 20 t.

Prof. Shehata E Abdel Raheem

Dr. Mahmoud H Mansour
CE 221 Theory of Structures 1-A

Prof. Aly Gamal A AbdelShafy

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Shear Stresses Distribution

The shear flow distribution at a given cross section is determined by
Prof. Shehata E Abdel Raheem

writing the equation QS/I, which is basically the shear stress multiplied
by 't'.
Dr. Mahmoud H Mansour
CE 221 Theory of Structures 1-A

Prof. Aly Gamal A AbdelShafy

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Shear Stress of Unsymmetrical Sections

Prof. Shehata E Abdel Raheem

General Equation for Normal Stresses

s= + 𝑦+ x

Dr. Mahmoud H Mansour

CE 221 Theory of Structures 1-A
𝑖𝑓 𝐼𝑥𝑦 = 0 s= + 𝑦+ x

Prof. Aly Gamal A AbdelShafy

General Equation for Shear Stresses

t
( ) ( )
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𝑖𝑓 𝐼𝑥𝑦 = 0 t

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Shear Stress of Unsymmetrical Sections

Prof. Shehata E Abdel Raheem

t
( ) ( )
x Q = 10 t
Dr. Mahmoud H Mansour

Ix 560000 Iy 290000 Ixy 300000

Qx 0 Qy 10000 40
CE 221 Theory of Structures 1-A
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Prof. Aly Gamal A AbdelShafy

sec b sx sy ty
1 40 0 0 0.00 X X
40

2 40 12000 6000 5.80

3 10 12000 6000 23.20 10
4 10 15125 6000 35.72
10

5 10 -12000 -6000 23.20

6 40 -12000 -6000 5.80 40
7 40 0 0 0.00 22

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10 40 10

X
40

10

40
Q = 10 t

Shear Stress Distribution

5.80
5.80

23.20
23.20

2
ty (kg/cm )
35.72

CE 221 Theory of Structures 1-A

Dr. Mahmoud H Mansour
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Prof. Aly Gamal A AbdelShafy Prof. Shehata E Abdel Raheem

10/21/2022