CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

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1. can be defined as a sum total of all the living and Environment

non-living elements and their effects that influence
human life.

2. BIOTIC COMPONENTS living organisms of

ecosystem
- HUMANS
-ANIMALS
-PLANTS
-BACTERIA

3. ABIOTIC COMPONENTS nonliving players in

an ecosystem
-AIR
-WATER
-SOIL
-SUNLIGHT

4. COMPONENTS OF ENVIRONMENT -LITHOSPHERE

-HYDROSPHERE
-ATMOSPHERE
-BIOSPHERE

5. is the rocky outer part of Earth. It is made up of the lithosphere

brittle crust and the top part of the upper mantle.

6. is the total amount of water on a planet. includes hydrosphere

water that is on the surface of the planet, under-
ground, and in the air.

7. is the layers of gases surrounding a planet or other atmosphere

celestial body. is composed of about 78% nitrogen,
21% oxygen, and one percent other gases.

8. Layers of the atmosphere troposphere, stratos-

phere, mesosphere,
thermosphere

9. TROPOSPHERE

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Most types of clouds are found in the troposphere,
and
almost all weather occurs within this layer.

10. There are no storms or turbulence here to mix up STRATOSPHERE

the air, so cold, heavy air is at the bottom and warm,
light air is at the top

11. where most meteors, or space rocks and metal, MESOSPHERE

burn up before they can crash to the ground.

12. puts on the auroras, a dazzling light show caused THERMOSPHERE

by colliding particles, and the thermosphere is also
where
satellites orbit the Earth.

13. is made up of the parts of Earth where life ex- BIOSPHERE

ists—all ecosystems.

14. The large biosphere is divided into large parts of tundra, grassland,
biomes. forests, deserts, and
aquatic biomes.

15. is the study of the human impact on the environ- Environmental Sci-
ment. ence

16. The three main goals of environmental science are: 1. To learn how the
natural world works.
2. To understand how
humans interact with
the environment, and
3. To find ways to deal
with environmental
problems and live
more sustainably.

17. COMPONENTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 1. ECOLOGY

2. ATHMOSPHERIC
SCIENCE
3. ENVIRONMENTAL
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CHEMISTRY
4. FORESTRY
AND AGRICULTUR-
AL SCIENCES
5. GEOSCIENCES
6. OCEANOGRAPHY
AND MARINE SCI-
ENCES

18. It the study of organisms and how they interact with ECOLOGY
the
environment around them.

19. the study of weather analysis and predictability, ATHMOSPHERIC

climate SCIENCE
and global change, the circulation of the atmos-
phere relating to weather systems.

20. focus on management and sustainability issues in FORESTRY AND

farming, agriculture, national parks, wetlands, and AGRICULTURAL
wildlife habitats. SCIENCES

21. include geology, geography, geodesy, volcanology, GEOSCIENCES

mineralogy, geophysics, geochemistry, geographi-
cal
information science, are essentially Earth sci-
ences.

22. is the study of our oceans, which comprise the OCEANOGRAPHY

largest ecosystem AND MARINE
SCIENCES

23. PRINCIPLES OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 1. Nature knows best

2. All forms of life are
important
3. Everything is con-
nected to everything
else
4. Everything
changes
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5. Everything must go
somewhere
6. Ours is finite earth
7. Nature is beautiful
and we are stewards
of god's creation

24. is a complete community of living organisms and ecosystem

the nonliving materials of their surroundings.

25. components of ecosystem plants, animals, and

microorganisms; soil,

26. ABIOTIC COMPONENTS Physical Factors-

Sunlight, Tempera-
ture
and Humidity

Chemical Factors -
Carbon dioxide, wa-
ter, hydrogen, etc.

27. BIOTIC COMPONENTS Photoautotrophs and

Chemoautotrophs -
Can synthesize food
on their own like
green plants they are
capable of photosyn-
thesis.

28. As biotic factors are those that rely on other living Consumers
organisms as food to obtain energy and survive.
Herbivore, Carnivore and Omnivore.

29. Are the biotic factor in the environment that decom- Decomposers
poses the plants, animals, and feces of animals.
By decomposing these complex compounds, the
detritivores get their nutrients.

30. FUNCTIONS
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- Energy Flow
-Food Chain
-Food Web
-Nutrient Cycling
-Ecological Pyramid
- Biogeochemical Cy-
cle

31. FUNCTION OF ECOSYSTEM 1. It regulates the

essential ecological
processes, supports
life systems and ren-
ders stability
2. It is also responsi-
ble for the cycling of
nutrients between bi-
otic and abiotic com-
ponents
3. It maintains a bal-
ance among the var-
ious trophic levels in
the ecosystem.
4. It cycles the miner-
als through the bios-
phere.
5. The abiotic compo-
nents help in the syn-
thesis of organic com-
ponents that involve
the exchange of ener-
gy.

32. describes how energy and nutrients move through food chain
an ecosystem.

33. TYPES OF FOOD CHAIN grazing food chain

detritus food chain

34. is a type of food chain in which energy at the lowest grazing food chain
trophic level is acquired via photosynthesis.
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35. refers to a food chain that involves a dead organic detritus food chain
matter in its primary trophic level

36. consists of all the food chains in a single ecosys- FOOD WEB
tem

37. IMPORTANCE OF FOOD CHAIN AND FOOD WEB: 1.Ecological Balance

2.Biomagnification

38. Sufficient food availability to ECOLOGICAL BAL-

all living organisms and their ANCE
stability reflect the existence
of ecological balance.

39. is the accumulation of a chemical by an organism Biomagnification

from water and food exposure that results in a
concentration
that is greater than would have resulted from water
exposure only and thus greater than expected from
equilibrium.

40. ENERGY FLOW IN ECOSYSTEM unidirectional

41. also known as a trophic or ecological pyramid, is a ENERGY PYRAMID

graphical representation of the energy found with-
in the
trophic levels of an ecosystem.

42. TYPES OF ENERGY PYRAMID 1. Pyramid of Num-

bers
2. Pyramid of Bio-
mass
3. Pyramid of Energy

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