ENS167 - Fundamentals of Material Science and Engineering

BS Electronics and Communications Engineering

Quiz 1
Multiple Choice:
1) A defect where an “extra” atom positioned between atomic sites.
ANSWER: Interstitial atoms
2) A defect where Bonds across the slipping planes are broken and remade in succession.
ANSWER: Bond Breaking and Remarking
3) A defect where-vacant atomic sites in a structure.
ANSWER: Vacancy atoms
4) Atoms have no periodic packing.
ANSWER: Noncrystalline materials.
5) Which of the following is characteristic of polymers?
ANSWER: Poor packing.
6) Atomic packing factor of BCC is…
ANSWER: 0.68
7) Which of the following is characteristic of metal?
ANSWER: Close packing.
8) A defect where the dislocation line separates slipped material on the left from unslipped
material on the right.
ANSWER: Incremental slip.
9) Atomic packing factor of HCP is…
ANSWER: 0.74
10) A defect where cause slip between crystal plane when they move.
ANSWER: Dislocations
11) Atomic packing factor of FCC is…
ANSWER: 0.74
12) Which of the following is characteristic of ceramics?
ANSWER: Covalent bonding
13) Atoms pack in periodic, 3D arrays.
ANSWER: Crystalline materials

True or False:
1) Covalently bonded materials are less dense than metallic or ionically bonded.
ANSWER: True
2) For ionic bonds, electrically charged ions are formed by the transfer of valence electrons
from one atom type to another.
ANSWER: True
3) When two or more atoms of an element have different atomic masses, each is termed an
isotope.
ANSWER: True
4) Rubber is composed primarily of carbon and hydrogen atoms.
ANSWER: True
5) Alloy is a metallic substance that is composed of two or more elements.
ANSWER: True
6) There is a sharing of valence electrons between adjacent atoms when bonding is
Covalent.
ANSWER: True
7) Edge of FCC is measured as square root of 2.
ANSWER: True
8) For substitutional solid solutions, impurity atoms substitute for host atoms.
ANSWER: True
9) Metallic bonding is directional.
ANSWER: False
10) Metallic elements are all positively charge particle.
ANSWER: True
11) With metallic bonding, the valence electrons form a “sea of electrons” that is uniformly
dispersed around the metal ion cores and acts as a form of glue for them.
ANSWER: True
12) Polymers and some ceramic materials covalently bond.
ANSWER: True
13) The equilibrium number of vacancies depends on temperature.
ANSWER: True
14) Relatively weak van der Waals bonds result from attractive forces between electric
dipoles, which may be induced or permanent.
ANSWER: True
Matching Type:
1) Ability of material to break, or crack easily when subjected to a force.
ANSWER: Brittle
2) Reversible alteration of a solid body under stress.
ANSWER: Elastic Deformation
3) Describes displacement of particles in a deforming body.
ANSWER: Strain
4) Hard, covalently bonded material.
ANSWER: Ceramic
5) Irreversible alteration of a solid body.
ANSWER: Plastic Deformation
6) Ability of a material to undergo permanent deformation without fracture.
ANSWER: Metallurgy
Quiz 2
Multiple Choice:
1) If C is the concentration of the diffusing species at distance x from the source and time t,
then according to Fick’s second law (assuming diffusion coefficient, D is constant):
ANSWER: ∂C/∂t = D.(∂2C/∂x2)
2) Capable of being pulled or stretched into thin wire by mechanical force without breaking.
ANSWER: Ductile
3) Diffusion is not used in which of the following?
ANSWER: Manufacturing of alloys
4) Arrange the following in increasing order of hardness: talc, gypsum, topaz diamond.
ANSWER: Talc, gypsum, topaz, diamond
5) Which of the following is not evidence of plastic action on the material?
ANSWER: Fatigue
6) How is brittleness related to impact strength?
ANSWER: Brittleness is inversely proportional to impact strength
7) Is the permanent deformation before fracture measured as elongation or reduction in
area?
ANSWER: Ductility
8) Diffusion is the result of…
ANSWER: All of the mentioned
9) Stress per unit strain
ANSWER: Modulus of elasticity
10) Carburisation is a heat treatment used for case hardening steels. Carbon is trapped on
steel surface by:
ANSWER: Interstitial diffusion
11) What is the unit of impact strength?
ANSWER: MN/m2
12) Rate of solid-state diffusion does not depend on which of the following?
ANSWER: Gravity
13) Osmosis is different from diffusion as:
ANSWER: Osmosis requires a liquid solvent
14) Is the negative ratio of transverse and longitudinal strains?
ANSWER: Poisson’s ratio
15) Is permanent deformation following slip?
ANSWER: Plastic Strain
16) In steady state diffusion, which of the following remain unchanged with time?
ANSWER: All of mentioned
17) Concentration Gradient refers to…
ANSWER: Change of concentration with respect to space
18) Which of the following is the property because of which a material can be drawn into
wires?
ANSWER: Ductility
19) Interstitial diffusion is generally faster than diffusion by vacancy mode. This is because…
ANSWER: All of the mentioned
20) As the temperature rises, the rate of vacancy diffusion in metals…
ANSWER: Increases
21) Which of the following is not a correct designation of impact strength?
ANSWER: KCW
22) The expression J = M/(A.t), where J, M, A, & t are diffusion flux, mass of diffusing species,
cross sectional area, and time respectively is:
ANSWER: Valid for both steady and non steady state diffusion
23) Is the maximum stress to which a material may be subjected without permanent strain?
ANSWER: Tensile strength
24) Which of the following properties is impact strength indicative of?
ANSWER: Toughness
25) For steady-state diffusion, diffusion flux is proportional to the concentration gradient.
Concentration gradient is:
ANSWER: Rate of change of concentration with respect to space
26) Which of the following is not true for steady-state diffusion?
ANSWER: There is no net transfer of mass
27) You want to demonstrate the phenomenon of diffusion to a group of school kids using two
colored gases. For this, you need to slow down the process. Which of the following tricks will
help you achieve this feat?
ANSWER: Cooling the gases
28) Up till which point will a body regain its original shape?
ANSWER: Elastic limit
29) The relation between temperature and diffusion coefficient is:
ANSWER: Exponential

True or False:
1) Plasticity increases with temperature.
ANSWER: True
2) Generally, the metal-to-metal diffusion takes place by vacancy diffusion.
ANSWER: True
3) Diffusion through grain boundaries is very fast and is called short-circuit diffusion.
Assertion: Their contribution to overall diffusion is negligible.
ANSWER: True
4) KCU is used more than the other KCT and KCV.
ANSWER: True
5) Predeposition and drive-in diffusion are two heat treatments used in the manufacture of
integrated circuits. Assertion: Predeposition is carried at a higher temperature than drivein
diffusion.
ANSWER: False

Quiz 3
True or False:
1) Fracture, in response to tensile loading and at relatively low temperatures, may occur by
ductile and brittle modes.
ANSWER: True
2) Stress due to temperature fluctuations are termed as thermal fatigue.
ANSWER: True
3) For brittle fracture, the fracture surface is relatively flat and perpendicular to the direction
of the applied tensile load.
ANSWER: True
4) Only compressive and shear lattice strains are found for pure screw dislocations.
ANSWER: False
5) One of the factors that may cause a metal to experience a ductile-to-brittle transition are
low strain rates.
ANSWER: False
6) One of the factors that may cause a metal to experience a ductile-to-brittle transition are
and the presence of a circular notch.
ANSWER: False
7) The slip plane is that plane that has the densest atomic packing, and the slip direction is
the direction within this plane that is most closely packed with atoms.
ANSWER: True
8) For screw dislocations, dislocation line motion and direction of the applied shear stress
are parallel.
ANSWER: False
9) The motion of dislocations in response to an externally applied shear stress is termed slip.
ANSWER: True
10) For edge dislocations, dislocation line motion and direction of the applied shear stress are
perpendicular.
ANSWER: False
11) Fatigue life can be extended by increasing mean stress level.
ANSWER: False
12) For ductile material subjected to tensile loading, cup and cone fracture occurs when
material ductility is high.
ANSWER: False
13) The driving force for grain growth is the reduction in total grain boundary energy.
ANSWER: True
14) Cracks in ductile materials are said to be stable.
ANSWER: True
15) Grain growth is the increase in average grain size of polycrystalline materials, which
proceeds by grain boundary motion.
ANSWER: True
16) Dislocation density is the total dislocation length per unit volume of material.
ANSWER: True
17) Qualitatively, the fracture behavior of materials may be determined using Charpy and
Izod impact testing techniques.
ANSWER: True
18) The fracture toughness of a material is indicative of its resistance to brittle fracture when
a crack is present.
ANSWER: True
19) Discontinuities reduces the strength of materials.
ANSWER: True
20) The slip system for the FCC crystal structure is 81109.
ANSWER: True
21) Slip occurs on specific crystallographic planes and within these planes only in certain
directions.
ANSWER: True
22) Fatigue is a common type of catastrophic failure wherein the applied stress level fluctuates
with time.
ANSWER: True
23) Sharp corners may also act as points of stress concentration and should be avoided when
designing structures that are subjected to stresses.
ANSWER: True
24) On a microscopic level, plastic deformation corresponds to the motion of dislocations in
response to an externally applies shear stress. An edge dislocation moves by the
successive and repeated breaking of atomic bonds and shifting by interatomic distances
of half planes of atoms.
ANSWER: True
25) For ductile material subjected to tensile loading, necking down occurs to a point when
ductility is low.
ANSWER: False
26) One of the factors that may cause a metal to experience a ductile-to-brittle transition are
exposure to stresses at relatively high temperatures.
ANSWER: False
27) For an edge dislocation, tensile, compressive, and shear strains exist in the vicinity of the
dislocation line.
ANSWER: True
28) Random stress are not categorized as fluctuating stress.
ANSWER: False

Quiz 4
Multiple Choice:
1) Ferrous alloy with more than 3% carbon are called?
ANSWER: Cast Iron
2) Which is not a noble metal?
ANSWER: Pb
3) Brass is a combination of?
ANSWER: Copper and zinc
4) Which is not example of refractory metals?
ANSWER: Sb
5) Bronze is a combination of?
ANSWER: Cupper and tin
6) Which of these are a casting technique?
ANSWER: All of these
7) Ferrous alloy with less than 2% carbon are called?
ANSWER: Steel
8) Which is not type of case hardening?
ANSWER: Quenching
9) Which is not a hardening process?
ANSWER: Annealing
10) Which of the following are forming technique?
ANSWER: All of these
11) Which of the following is the strongest steel?
ANSWER: High carbon steel

True or False:
1) Spheroidite is the most ductile and softest type of steel on the granular molecular level.
ANSWER: True
2) Martensite has desirable strength-ductility combination but is not as strong as tempered
martensite.
ANSWER: False
3) Tempered martensite is very strong but relatively ductile.
ANSWER: True
4) A eutectoid reaction is a reaction where a solid phase and liquid phase will together form
a second solid phase at a particular temperature and composition.
ANSWER: False
5) Pearlite is a two-phased, lamellar structure composed of alternating layers of alpha-ferrite
and cementite that occurs in some steels and cast irons.
ANSWER: True
6) Quenching is the heating process to increase the harness of material.
ANSWER: True
7) Spheroidite is a plate-like microstructure that forms in steels at temperatures of 125–
550°C.
ANSWER: False
8) Steel is non-ferrous material.
ANSWER: False
9) Homogenous nucleation occurs more easily than heterogeneous.
ANSWER: False
10) The activation free energy for heterogeneous nucleation is lower than for homogenous
nucleation.
ANSWER: True
11) The point where the liquidus curves and solidus intersect, is termed the eutectic point.
ANSWER: True
12) The solidification of an alloy (liquid) of eutectic composition yields a microstructure
consisting of layers of the two solid phases that alternate.
ANSWER: True
13) Magnesium is the lightest structural metal.
ANSWER: True
14) Systems composed of two or more phases are termed mixtures or heterogeneous
systems.
ANSWER: True
15) A hypereutectoid alloy is a metal composed of two or more metallic elements in which the
concentration of solute is lesser than that of the eutectoid.
ANSWER: False
16) Medium carbon steel is hardened by annealing.
ANSWER: False
17) Solidification of a pure metal is example of simple diffusion-dependent transformations.
ANSWER: True
18) A peritectic reaction is a three-phase reaction by which, on cooling, a solid transform into
two other solid phases at the same time.
ANSWER: False
19) An isomorphous system is one in which the liquid has the same structure for all
compositions.
ANSWER: False
20) Annealing is the process of heating to make it softer and more ductile.
ANSWER: True
21) Eutectic alloys are mixture of metals having a melting point higher than that of any of its
components.
ANSWER: False
22) Pearlite a finely laminated mixture of ferrite and cementite present in cast iron and steel,
formed by the cooling of austenite.
ANSWER: True
23) Alluminum alloys are ductile at low temperature.
ANSWER: True
24) Ceramics is an example of heterogeneous systems.
ANSWER: True
25) The ends of the tie lines show the compositions of the two phases that exist in equilibrium
with each other at this temperature.
ANSWER: True
26) White cast iron is cast iron with no other alloy additives.
ANSWER: True
27) Solubility limit is a minimum concentration of solute atoms that may dissolve in the solvent
to form a solid solution.
ANSWER: False
28) Low carbon steel is strengthened by heat treatment.
ANSWER: False
29) Metastability is a stable state of a dynamical system other than the system’s state of least
energy.
ANSWER: True
30) Tempering is the process of heating to make it softer and more ductile.
ANSWER: True
31) Binary phase diagrams are maps that represent the relationships between temperature
and the compositions and quantities of phases at equilibrium, which influence the
microstructure of an alloy.
ANSWER: True
32) Homogeneous nucleation is the spontaneous condensation or freezing of water in the
atmosphere in the absence of substances to act as nuclei.
ANSWER: True
33) Martensitic steels are the hardest and strongest, yet most ductile.
ANSWER: False
34) Bronzes are stronger and more corrosion resistant than brasses.
ANSWER: True
35) A eutectic reaction is a three-phase reaction. By which, on cooling, a liquid transform into
two solid phases at the same time.
ANSWER: True
36) Ferrous material with 3% carbon undergoes eutectoid transformation.
ANSWER: True
37) Martensite is a body-centered tetragonal form of iron in which some carbon is dissolved.
ANSWER: True
38) The triple point is the temperature and pressure at which solid, liquid, and vapor phases
of a particular substance coexist in equilibrium.
ANSWER: True
39) Eutectic means “easily melted.”
ANSWER: True
40) Equilibrium is defined as a stage when chemical potential of any component present in
the system stays steady with time.
ANSWER: True
41) Nucleation of the droplets of liquid water is heterogeneous.
ANSWER: True
Quiz 5
True or False:
1) Schottky defect is a defect in the lattice crystal where an atom or ion occupies a normally
vacant site other than its own.
ANSWER: False
2) Stoichiometry may be defined as a state for ionic compounds wherein there is the exact
ratio of cations to anions.
ANSWER: True
3) The mode of plastic deformation for noncrystalline materials is by viscous flow.
ANSWER: True
4) Glass ceramics has higher coefficient of thermal expansion compared to glass.
ANSWER: False
5) Any plastic deformation of crystalline ceramics is a result of dislocation motion.
ANSWER: True
6) Silicon carbide is not an abrasive material.
ANSWER: False
7) Calcination, the heating of solids to a high temperature for the purpose of removing volatile
substances, oxidizing a portion of mass, or rendering them friable.
ANSWER: True
8) Frenkel defect is a type of point defect in a crystal lattice.
ANSWER: False
9) The general characteristics of ceramic phase diagrams are similar to those for metallic
systems.
ANSWER: True
10) In the extrusion process, a cast type barrel is mainly used for the heating of polymer
material.
ANSWER: False
11) Degree of polymerization is the number of repeat units per average molecule
ANSWER: True
12) Electroneutrality is the state that exists when there are equal numbers of positive and
negative charges from the ions.
ANSWER: True
13) Clay is the principal component of the whitewares.
ANSWER: True
14) Polymers are composed of repeat units, smaller structural entities, which are repeated
along the chain.
ANSWER: True
15) The chains for copolymers are composed of two or more kinds of repeat units.
ANSWER: True
16) Hardness of ceramic materials is difficult to measure because of their brittleness and
susceptibility to cracking when indented.
ANSWER: True
17) Materials that are employed at elevated temperatures and often in reactive environments
are termed refractory ceramics.
ANSWER: True
18) Glass-ceramics are initially fabricated as glasses, and then, by hydroplastic forming,
crystallized to form fine-grained polycrystalline materials.
ANSWER: False
19) Diffusion in ionic materials normally occurs by a vacancy mechanism.
ANSWER: True
20) The hardest known materials are ceramics.
ANSWER: True
21) Nonmetallic cations are positively charged, whereas metallic ions have negative charges.
ANSWER: False
22) The two prime assets of glass materials are optical transparency and ease of fabrication.
ANSWER: True
23) A homopolymer is one of which all of the repeat units are the same type.
ANSWER: True
24) Multiple screw extruders are mostly preferred than the single screw extruders in the
extrusion process.
ANSWER: False
25) Extruder die is a machine part that gives final shape to the polymer material used in the
extrusion process.
ANSWER: True
26) Portland cement is produced by heating a mixture of clay and lime-bearing materials in a
rotary kiln.
ANSWER: True
27) Linear polymers are those in which the repeat units are joined together end to end in single
chains.
ANSWER: True
28) Thermosetting polymers can be processed by extrusion process by forming cross-linking
in the extruder.
ANSWER: True
29) In the extrusion process, a water-cooling system is used which automatically controlled by
a sensor.
ANSWER: True
30) In processing polymers, injection moulding process is almost similar to extrusion process
except for the screw operation.
ANSWER: True
31) Extruder is a device used for the finishing of processed polymer products in the extrusion
process.
ANSWER: False
32) Continuous type of extruder is generally equipped with rotating parts in the extrusion
process.
ANSWER: True
33) Molecular weight of polymer is often expressed in terms of number and weight averages.
ANSWER: True
34) Extrusion is a process which uses an electric system for processing various polymers.
ANSWER: False
35) Thermoplastic polymers have linear and branched structures.
ANSWER: True

Multiple Choice:
1) The number of repeating units in a polymer is known as:
ANSWER: Degree of polymerization
2) Which of the these are not glass-forming technique?
ANSWER: Tape casting
3) Which of the following is not a stage of addition polymerization?
ANSWER: Recrystallisation
4) A polymer made of identical monomer units is called?
ANSWER: Homopolymer
5) Liquid or gas polymers having short chains and low molecular weights are known as…
ANSWER: Oligo-polymers
6) Wood flour and silica flour are examples of…
ANSWER: Plasticizers
7) Which of the following is not a characteristic trait of polymer materials?
ANSWER: High strength
8) Which of these are not particulate-forming process?
ANSWER: Blowing
9) Which of the following types of polymers is a copolymer?
ANSWER: Graft
10) Which of the following equipment is used for controlling the temperature of polymer
material in the extrusion process?
ANSWER: Thermocouple
11) Addition of different types of monomers to form polymer chains is known as…
ANSWER: Copolymerization

Matching Type:
1) Match the ceramic fabrication technique:
 Powder Pressing – Particulate-forming processes
 Blowing – Glass forming process
2) Match the unique property of ceramic material:
 Diamond – high thermal conductivity
 Carbon nanotubes – is extremely strong and stiff
 Graphite – high-temperature chemical stability
 Fullerenes – electrically insulative

Quiz 6
Multiple Choice:
1) Which of the following have a greater impact on longitudinal strength of reinforced
composites?
ANSWER: Fiber strength
2) In adding plasticizer in polymers, which of the following is not enhance?
ANSWER: Brittleness
3) Which of the following is not a polymer?
ANSWER: None of these
4) Which of the following may alter the mechanical properties of reinforced composites?
ANSWER: All of the mentioned
5) Which of the following property can be enhanced by reinforcing aluminum alloy?
ANSWER: Wear resistance
6) In sandwich composites, which of the following material can be used for filling purpose?
ANSWER: All of the mentioned
7) Which of the following is not a laminar composite?
ANSWER: Wood
8) Which of the following is correct about dimensional nature of flake composites?
ANSWER: 2-D
9) Composite can be classified on the basis of:
ANSWER: Matrix type & Reinforcement constituent
True or False:
1) The mechanical properties of polymers are sensitive to changes in temperature and strain
rate.
ANSWER: True
2) The galvanic series consists of the relative reactivities of metals and alloys in seawater.
ANSWER: True
3) Galvanic corrosion occurs where there is localized depletion of oxygen.
ANSWER: False
4) Corrosion rate is proportional to the current density associated with the electrochemical
reaction.
ANSWER: True
5) Fracture strengths of polymeric materials are low relative to metals and ceramics.
ANSWER: True
6) Large elastic extensions are possible for elastomeric materials that are amorphous and
lightly crosslinked.
ANSWER: True
7) Polarization is the alignment of electric dipoles with an electric field.
ANSWER: True
8) Metallic corrosion is ordinarily electrochemical involving oxidation reactions only.
ANSWER: False
9) Condensation polymerization involves stepwise intermolecular chemical reactions that
may include more than a single molecular species.
ANSWER: True
10) The corrosion rate of a reaction is limited by polarization.
ANSWER: True
11) Concentration polarization prevails when the corrosion rate is limited by diffusion in the
solution.
ANSWER: True
12) Crevice corrosion occurs when two different metals or alloys are electrically coupled while
exposed to an electrolyte solution.
ANSWER: False
13) Corroding systems will experience polymerization which is the displacement of each
electrode potential from its equilibrium value.
ANSWER: False
14) During the crystallization of a polymer, randomly oriented molecules in the liquid phase
transform into chain-folded crystallites that have ordered and aligned molecular structures.
ANSWER: True
15) Relatively large energies are required for electron excitations in metals.
ANSWER: False
16) A magnetic field is generated when mechanical stresses are applied to a piezoelectric
material.
ANSWER: False
17) Matrix constituents of composites are softer and reinforced constituent of composites are
softer.
ANSWER: False
18) Ferroelectric materials do not exhibit spontaneous polarization.
ANSWER: False
19) The glass transition occurs in amorphous regions of polymers.
ANSWER: True
20) For metallic materials, electrical resistivity decreases with temperature.
ANSWER: False
21) An electron band is just a series of electron states that are closely spaced with respect to
energy.
ANSWER: True
22) Deformation of polymers corresponds to the kinking and coiling of chains in response to
an applied tensile stress.
ANSWER: False
23) Most ionic ceramics and polymers are insulators at room temperature.
ANSWER: True
24) Polymers are highly flexible, low densities, and resistance to corrosion.
ANSWER: True
25) Condensation polymerization involves stepwise intermolecular chemical reactions that
may include more than a single molecular species.
ANSWER: True
26) The number of free electrons depends on the electron energy band structure of the
material.
ANSWER: True
27) Fire point of composite is high.
ANSWER: False
28) Transistor is a semi-conductor device.
ANSWER: True