Let’s Check

Directions: Now that you know the definitions and scope of

journalism, answer the following questions that follows. Choose the
letter of your answer.
1. Who defines journalism as the occupation of writing for publication in
newspapers and other periodicals?
a. Webster c. Bond
b. Encyclopedia d. Cambridge

2. In newspaper, news is printed on the front page as well as on the

inside and back pages.
a. True
b. False

3. Newspaper is printed in a special paper called ______.

a. Bookpaper c. Newsprint
b. Manila paper d. Oslo paper

4. Which of the following materials is not classified as printed media?

a. periodicals c. brochures
b. graphic arts d. radio
5. Radio and television are examples of _______.
a. Film media c. Print media
b. Broadcast media d. Visual media

Let’s Analyze
Activity 1. Answer the following questions below briefly but precisely.
1. What is the difference between print media and broadcast media?
Print media is form of mass media which creates, delivers news and
information through printed publications. Broadcast Media is form of
mass media which creates, delivers news and information through
television or computers. Broadcast media easily reaches targeted
audience in quick time and cheap. All The news is published
immediately. On the other hand, print media is a mass
communication; it provides the news through printed form.
 2. Among the different definitions of journalism presented above, which
is the best definition for you? Why? Explain your answer.
In my own opinion the best definition of journalism for me is the definition
by Webster. I believe that journalism is an occupation, activity or
profession of writing for newspapers or magazines or of broadcasting news
on radio or television. Its main function is to provide citizens with the
information they need to make the best possible decisions about their lives,
their communities, their societies, and their governments. Journalists serve
an important role in society by informing the public of events happening
around the world. It is categorized by media, message etc.

In a Nutshell
As a potential writer, define journalism in your own.
Journalism for me is a profession and at the same time a mission because
its main goal is to provide the audience with an illustration of current
events, issues, and trends that are happening locally and globally. It allows
us to have an understanding of what is going on, how these will impact us,
and why these are happening, etc. Additionally, journalism exists to tell a
story, which gives us a perspective and knowledge of things.

Let’s Check
Directions: Identify the correct answer.
Name plate 1. It is the engraved or printed name of the newspaper.
Fold 2. The imaginary horizontal line that divides the newspaper equally
into two parts.
Lead 3. The beginning of a new story. It may be a word, a group of words,
a sentence, or even a paragraph.
Headline 4. The title of any new story.
Banner 5. The principal headline during the boldest and biggest type.
Masthead 6. The editorial box containing the logo, names of the staff
members and position in the staff, subscription rate, the publisher, and
other pertinent data about the newspaper.
Credit Line7. A line giving the source of the story or illustration.
Ears 8. The little boxes on either side of the nameplate.
Columns 9. The horizontal division into parts of a newspaper.
Editorial Proper 10. It is the stand of the paper.

In a Nutshell
Your turn. Answer the following questions.
1. Which part or section of a campus paper you think is the most
important and has the biggest role in the campus paper? Why?
Explain your answer.

In my own opinion, the Editorial section is the important and has the
biggest role in the campus paper.  It is the venue for presenting
ideas, both new ideas and support for old ideas. It allows reader to
vent by giving everyone an opportunity to publish his or her frustration
or indignation.
2. State one more function of a campus paper which is not yet
mentioned above. How can this function serve its purpose?
The most important function of campus paper is to educate not only the
students but also the people in the community. School paper acts as a
guardian of the students' rights. It serves as the eye of the readers.It helps
students become more aware of what's happening around them. They
learn how to become responsive and proactive citizens at a young age.
Additionally, it helps and trains students to become responsible. Student
journalists are taught and trained to practice fairness, balance, and
truthfulness.
Let’s Check
Activity 1. Identify what is asked in the following statements.
Proximity 1. An element of news that refers to geographical nearness as
well as the nearness of kinship or interest.
Oddity or unusualness 2. This element of news refers to strange or
unnatural events, objects, persons, and places.
Immediacy or timeliness 3. This element of news emphasizes the newest
angle of the story.
Local news 4. A type of news in which the report of events take place within
the immediate locality.
Straight News 5. A news that consists of facts given straight without
embellishment.
Foreign News 6. A news that takes place outside the country.
Fact story 7. This is a plain exposition setting forth a single situation or a
series of closely related facts that inform.
News bulletin 8. It is similar to the lead of a straight news story. Its aim is
just to give the gist of the news.
Police Reports 9. Accident, fire, calamity, crime stories, etc. are examples
of _____.
Speech Report 10. A news story usually written from a public address,
talks, and speeches.

Activity 2.Tell what kind of lead is used in the following:

Who lead/summary lead 1. Supt. Erlinda Lolarga was the guest speaker
during the investiture of Boy Scouts held January 15 at Carlos P. Garcia
High School.
astonisher lead 2. They shall not win!
This was announced by Roxas High School basketball
coach Gerry Misajon when he spoke to his team before they left for the
games.
Contrast Lead 3. He used to be a mechanic. Now he is president of the
college.
question Lead 4. Who do you think will be elected Miss High School? This,
everyone wants to know as Torres High School Day fast approaches.
Infinitive Phrase lead 5. To upgrade the teaching of journalism, the Torch
bought 20 volumes of journalism books recently.
Descriptive Lead 6. Dressed in caps and gowns, and with a diplomas in
their hands, the graduates sang their farewell song to their alma matter.
Punch Lead 7. “This year is indeed Roxas High School year!”
Thus spoke Asst. Principal Adela Mejorada as she received
from DCS Asst. Supt. Emiliano Rafael the trophy won by the school in the
National Weight-lifting tournament.
Astonisher Lead 8. There was food and fun galore!
The student body of Recto High School held an excursion in
La Mesa Dam last Sunday.
Summary lead/How Lead 9. Having written the best essay on Animal
Week, Rosita Limcolioc of Laurel High School received the DCS gold
medal from Principal DominadorWingsing.
Parody Lead 10. Water, water everywhere but not a drop to drink. This was
the sad experience of Tondo residents when flood waters cover the whole
area of the district.

Let’s Analyze
Activity 1.Lead Writing
1. Write a quotation lead based on the following facts:
Mr. Alfredo Duque teaches graphic arts. He said that the month of
October is a busy one. Christmas motifs were made for the
departments and clubs. Students did the job. In all, 25 motifs were
completed.
“The month of October is a busy one. Christmas motifs were made for the
departments and clubs. Students did the job. In all, 25 motifs were
completed”. said Mr. Alfredo Duque who teaches graphic arts.
2. Write a summary lead based on the following facts.
 A party will be held at the Normal Hall. Atty. Lilia Garcia, Vice
President, will be the guest speaker. The PNU Faculty Association is
sponsoring the party. It will be held in honor of Dr. Fe Otanes, Dean
of Graduate Schools, who will be retiring in July.
Atty. Lilia Garcia, Vice President, will be the guest speaker of a party
sponsored by The PNU Faculty Association in honor to Dr. Fe Otanes, a
Dean of Graduate Schools who will be retiring in July.
3. Write two (2) infinitive leads on any news events that took place in
your school this month.

To reduce the Covid-19 cases, the Government implemented a

Mandatory vaccination Policy.
To conduct a Face to Face class, The schools were ask to comply
requirements for health precautions.

4. Write a punch lead from the following notes for your school paper.
- Your school paper
- Champion in this year’s Regional Secondary Schools Press
Conference
- Held in your region
- Oct. 5-6, 2020

Celebration Day!
The UM campus Journalism became champion on the Regional Schools
Press Conference held in Digos City on October 5-6, 2020.

In a Nutshell
Your Task. Cite three important things that you learned from this
lesson. Elaborate further the significance of learning them in writing a
news story.
1. A lead is an opening paragraph that gives the audience the most
important information of the news story in a concise and clear manner,
while still maintaining the readers' interest
 As the word itself implies, a lead-in is meant to lead audience or readers to
the news. Its main purpose is to set the mood for what is to come next, to
arouse people’s curiosity about the topic and motivate them to want to read
more. It is supposed to provide a meaningful and authentic context of
information. This lead tells the reader or listener the most important aspect
of the story at once. It is usually used on breaking news events.
2. Learning the lesson makes me able to analyze what kinds of information
make news and why. Evaluate the elements of news by deconstructing
award-winning stories. Evaluate the sources and resources from which
news content is drawn. Analyze how information is attributed, quoted and
paraphrased in news.
3. Without journalism, the world would be ignorant. Journalism is important
because it gives current and relevant information and news to the public. It
influences the way we see and think about ourselves and the world around
us.It also help us connect to the current event in our place.
Let’s Check
Activity 1. Fill in the blanks with the correct answers.
1. News should be factual, accurate and truthful.
2. The main aim of news is to inform. Avoid editorializing.
3. News written from a given beat is classified as ___________.
4. I news feature is also based on facts, but it ________ more than it
informs.
5. A straight news story consists of facts given straight without
embellishment. It uses the summary lead and is written using the
inverted pyramid structure.
6. A Speech Report is usually written from a public address, talk, or
speech.
7. A short item of news interest, written like a brief telegraphic message,
giving mainly the result with detail is a news brief.
8. Depth news is the kind of news-feature that contains, _______, and
_______ aside from the essential facts.
9. ________ reporting is more than the recital of bare fact but reporting
news refreshed with background materials to make comprehensible
and meaningful.
10. Though it may answer any or all of the 5W’s, the emphasis is
on the elaboration of only one, the summary lead.
Let’s Analyze
Activity 1.
A reporter covering a fire story should have at least six (6) basic
facts in the story. One of them is the exact location. List down the
other five.
The other one could be the date when the fire broke out. It is also the most
important fact to tell the people why the fire happened; what was the cause
of the fire? Who were affected?
Another one can be the damage it had done to the neighborhood. The
information about how fast the fire fighters came to the scene, if ever they
took long, what was the reason? Other information could include what time
did they successfully put out the fire. They can also report the casualties.
The basics of reporting a news is to tell the 5 Ws and H. This are the what,
where, when, who, why, and the how.

Activity 2. Writing Activity

A. Write a fact story based on the following details:
- The Student Council will sponsor an acquaintance party
- The purpose of the affair is to welcome the new students of
University of Mindanao Digos College
- The party will be held at UM Gymnasium, Friday, 3:00 PM, January
15, 2021.
- Announcement of the activity was given by Mr. Canada, SSG
moderator.
- The UMDC Chorale will provide music during the party
- The 3rd year BSED-English students will present a chamber theater,
“Why Women Wash the Dishes.
- Mr. Wilbert Rosalyn will render a couple of songs.
- Prizes will be given to the winners in the parlor games.
-
The Student Council will sponsor an acquaintance party that will be held at
UM Gymnasium, Friday, 3:00 PM, January 15, 2021. The UMDC Chorale
will provide the music, the 3rd year BSED-English students will present a
chamber theater, “Why Women Wash the Dishes and Mr. Wilbert Rosalyn
will render a couple of songs. The purpose of the affair is to welcome the
new students of University of Mindanao Digos College. Prizes will be given
to the winners in the parlor games. Announcement of the activity was given
by Mr. Canada, SSG moderator.

B. Write an accident story based on the following facts:

- A Digos-bound bus turned turtle on Rizal Avenue Highway fronting
Sunga Hospital.
- The bodies of the victims were taken to the St. Peter Funeral Parlor,
San Jose, Digos City.
- Some of the fatalities were identified as Jose Reyes, 24; Juan
Tamad, 18; Anna Tabudlong, 45; Maria Lusyang, 60; Cardo Talisay,
12. They were identified by Digos City high-way patrol.
- Fifteen passengers were injured and five were killed.
- The accident happened at 5:00 pm.
- Elevated boss was racing with another vehicle at high speed when
the driver, Ramon Garcia, try to avoid running over a dog that
suddenly crossed the street.
- The bus with plate No. XM-006 belongs to Yellow Bus Line.

A Digos-bound bus turned turtle on Rizal Avenue Highway fronting Sunga

Hospital, 5:00 pm with plate No. XM-006 which belongs to Yellow Bus Line.
Elevated boss was racing with another vehicle at high speed when the
driver, Ramon Garcia, try to avoid running over a dog that suddenly
crossed the street. Fifteen passengers were injured and five were killed.
Some of the fatalities were identified as Jose Reyes, 24; Juan Tamad, 18;
Anna Tabudlong, 45; Maria Lusyang, 60; Cardo Talisay, 12, identified by
Digos City high-way patrol. The bodies of the victims were taken to the St.
Peter Funeral Parlor, San Jose, Digos City.
C. Write a fire story based on the following facts:
- A fire broke out in a commercial building in Digos City.
- The cause of the fire is undetermined.
- It happened on December 25, 2020 at 1 PM.
- Three persons died and five were reported injured. (supply the names
and ages of the fatalities and the casualties)
- 2.5 M Worth of property was damaged.
- (add more facts if you please)

A fire broke out in a commercial building in Digos City on December 25,

2020 at 1 PM. Three persons died and five were reported injured. 2.5 M
Worth of property was damaged. The cause of the fire is undetermined.

In a Nutshell
Your Task. Cite three important things that you learned from this
lesson. Elaborate further the significance of learning them in writing a
news story.
1. News articles are written in a structure known as the “inverted pyramid.”
In the inverted pyramid format, the most newsworthy information goes at
the beginning of the story and the least newsworthy information goes at the
end. The inverted pyramid is the structure most commonly used for news
writing. The inverted pyramid presents the most important information in a
news story first, followed in descending order by less-important information.
2. One guiding principle behind story organization is: The structure of the
story can help the reader understand what you are writing about. The
structure should lead the reader from idea to idea simply and clearly. The
object is to give readers information, and wow them with convoluted style.
3. News is that part of communication that keeps us informed of the
changing events, issues, and characters in the world outside. Though it
may be interesting or even entertaining, the foremost value of news is as a
utility to empower the informed.

Let’s Check
Activity 1. Fill in the blanks with the correct answers.
1) SC UPHOLDS CHAPTER LAW is an example of all caps headline
(style).
2) SC Upholds Chapter Law is Cap and Lower case style; while SC
upholds chapter law is Down style.
3) When a 30-point Caslon head is placed side by side with another 30
point Caslon head, the defect is called streamer.
4) The active voice is preferred in headlines.
5) A headline should not be left hanging at the end of the line except if it
is part of a two-word verb.
6) A comma takes the place of and in heads to save on space.
7) A drop head is another term for deck to name a section of a headline.
8) When all the lines of a headline begin even or in line with the left
margin, the style is flush left.
9) Generally, the verb for the headline of a news story should be in the
present tense.
10) A headline that begins with a verb is called a mandatory head.

Let’s Analyze
Activity 1. Improve the following headlines.
1) President Ramos talks to the CPP-NPA to acquire peace.
2) Mayor has returned home after the abduction
3) Three men injured in riot in the BBM rally
4) Future leaders was officially proclaimed yesterday.
5) Meralco: “We may go bankrupt if we absorb all systems losses”.

In a Nutshell
Your Task. Share three important things that you learned from this
sectionin writing headlines.
1. When you writing headlines You have to remember lots of things As
what would you like to exactly tell to Your audience so short headlines You
have to create who explaining everything about Your article
2. A headline is the gist of the whole news. It is important because it helps
the reader to identify the nature of the news so that they don't have to go
through the whole news to understand what it is about. The headlines
appeal to the readers and they read the news below if they find the
headline interesting enough. 
3. Headlines are really the most important part of your article writing. It is
the first thing that can grab the attention of your reader or web visitor. Your
headlines, in effect, are your first real point of connection with your
prospective customer, so you need to get them right.
Let’s Check
Activity 1. Write T if the sentence is true and F if it is false. In the latter
case, change a word or a group of words to make the sentence true.
__F__1. Accuracy is not so important in editorials as in news reports.
__T__2. A good editorial need not have a formal conclusion.
____3. To be effective, an editorial should not be preachy.
__T__4. Leaving the reader to form his own conclusion is a good practice
for an editorial writer.
__F__5. The editorial writer must primarily be a reporter.
__F__6. The editorial page must not contain reprints from magazines,
speeches, statement, etc.
__T__7. The first person (editorial we) is the preferred point of view in
writing editorials.
__T__8. The most important asset of a campus editor is his exceptional
knowledge of grammar.
__F__9. The campus editor’s primary duty is to see to it that the image of
the school is always held up unblemished before the community.
__F__10. Editorials may also be found outside the editorial page, like for
example in the sports page.

Activity 2. Completion
Fill in each blank with the word or group of words to make the
sentence correct.
1-3 a good editorial should have a three part. They are the introduction, the
body and the ending.
4. The end of an editorial should have a punch to drive home its message.
5. The editorial is the expression of the paper’s conscience, courage, and
conviction.
6. A mood editorial is the consensus, stand, or position of several editors
on an issue and this is published in all their papers at the same time.
7. We is the pronoun (point of view) that should be avoided in editorials.
8. Because of the serious tone of an editorial, the writing type is preferred
to italics for printing purposes.
9. When the editorial is based on a news story, the first paragraph
(introduction) is called headline.
10. There are times when the subject matter of an editorial is nature. Such
an editorial is referred to as environmental editorial.

Let’s Analyze
Activity 1. Write editorials based on the following facts.
1) Write an editorial about the global health crisis the world is
experiencing right now because of the Covid-19 Pandemic. Use any
of the types of editorials you have learned.

Editorial: Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Psychological Reactions to the

Pandemic
Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Psychological Reactions to the
Pandemic
Digos City Davao Del Sur, January 30, 2020. It is no exaggeration to claim
that this day marked the official beginning of a new experience—or even an
ordeal—for billions of people around the globe. On this day, Adhanom
Ghebreyesus, the director-general of the World Health Organization
stepped in front of the microphones and officially declared “a Public Health
Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) over the global outbreak of a
novel Coronavirus,” which constitutes “an extraordinary event which is
determined to constitute a public health risk to other States through the
international spread of disease and to potentially require a coordinated
international response nothing less than WHO's highest alert level. Given
the novelty of this situation, most citizens and politicians did not grasp what
was just happening despite the declaration's explosive nature. Tourists and
locals, for instance, continued partying in Alpine ski resorts, politicians tried
to cope with the problem by betting on herd immunity through natural
infection, and world leaders reacted by simply denying the severity of the
new threat. Still others, seeking to play down the crisis, drew parallels to
the 2009 swine flu pandemic which also triggered a WHO PHEIC, resulting
in significant reaction in the media, but which, studies suggest, resulted in
no greater number of deaths than the numbers dying annually of seasonal
flu (Belongia et al., 2010).
In retrospect one reason why reactions to the WHO announcement may
have been subdued is because the term PHEIC isn't as impactful, as
emotive—or even as recognizable—a term, as, say, “pandemic” or
“emergency.” Apparently, researchers and health officials advising WHO
deliberately chose this term, rather than a more impactful one, in part
because they wanted to avoid panic while encouraging world leaders to act
according to WHO advice in order to contain a threat (Maxmen, 2021). In
any event what happened next produced a global impact on human history.
A virus the size of a 10 thousandth of a millimeter forced billions of people
to drastically change their life routines, ranging from the private to the
public.
The first reactions from the scientific community were diversified. Early in
the pandemic, several eminent behavioral scientists claimed in
commentaries that the psychological evidence from research on behavior
under risk indicated that people would overreact to the risks posed by the
pandemic and panic. These claims made in various prominent—but not
peer-reviewed—publications came under strong criticism, also not from a
peer-reviewed source (Richie, 2020), for the paucity and inappropriateness
of the evidence on which they were based and appear to have been quietly
dropped by their proposers. Here one may see the curse of hindsight: in an
emergency situation where data are sparse but rapid action may pay
dividends (and the beginning of the pandemic was clearly such an
emergency situation) decision makers and analysts look for cases from
their past experience that resemble the current one. If they find a clear
match, they can carry out the most typical course of action. By that method,
people can successfully make extremely rapid decisions (Klein, 2008).
Clearly, this is not guaranteed to provide optimal solutions, but is the best
one can do in such a situation, and, on average, will be better than doing
nothing.
In spite of arguments about some behavioral scientists' assessments very
early in the development of the pandemic there were some other valuable
contributions from behavioral science. At least one behavioral scientist
warned that a more likely public response than over-reaction and panic,
that itself posed a real danger, was the exact opposite reaction:
complacency inspired by underestimation of the threat (Carey, 2020). To
account for the diverse responses to the pandemic Chater (2020) aptly
pointed out the well documented tendency of people to impose a single
interpretation on ambiguous situations without entertaining alternatives
which, while often serving us well, can lead to disastrous outcomes.
Moreover, an open letter signed by over 600 behavioral scientists
challenged the UK government's apparently baseless presumption that a
lockdown should not be introduced early as the population would suffer
“behavioral fatigue.” This event and the curious, and indeed dubious,
invocation of the concept of behavioral fatigue was subsequently described
and analyzed by a paper published in this Research Topic.
There are perhaps lessons in these events that might be drawn for
behavioral scientists attempting to advise on future human crises where it
seems that there is an established evidence base that might be readily
applied to a novel problem for which, understandably there is no direct
data. Advice and recommendations putatively drawn from the relevant
science should, in advance of being widely disseminated, be tested in
contexts as similar as possible to those where they are being applied. Our
Research Topic does serve this objective by reporting considerable
amounts of empirical data directly arising from the pandemic.
Putting these and other irrationalities aside, many others, including
politicians, citizens, and scientists reacted responsibly and quickly by
searching for constructive solutions. Virologists started searching for a new
vaccine, economists investigated the financial effects of the lockdown, and
psychologists tried to gain a better understanding of the psychological
reactions to the pandemic. Both the huge range of areas where behavioral
science might make a contribution and the need for caution in generalizing
from pre-pandemic phenomena were prominently signaled to the research
community.
One of the many upshots of this quest for a better grasp of the cognitive,
emotional, and behavioral reactions triggered by the pandemic was our
decision to edit a special Research Topic as quickly as possible. This effort
was further motivated by our desire to find solutions that would help people
to cope with the many adversities arising from the pandemic, such as
lockdown, loneliness, stress, or economic hardship: “How do people cope
with risks and uncertainties related to the pandemic?,” “What are the
psychological influences on economic behavior?,” or “What are the
psychological processes accompanying pandemic judgment and decision
making among experts and the lay population?” are just a few of the topics
that we invited contributors to address in our call for papers published
online on April 8th 2020.
Considering the very short period from the onset of the pandemic, we had
some initial concerns about not attracting enough contributions, but the
submission of more than 200 abstracts and manuscripts exceeded our
wildest expectations. The submitted topics ranged from stress to coping
and from perception to culture. 

2) Write an editorial of argumentation on an existing problem in your

community. Get all the information you can and assemble them in a
logical, consistent position on the question. Follow this with a
presentation of a possible solution. Close by summarizing the
benefits that could be derived from adopting the proposed solution.

Still blended, still learning

Over two years into a pandemic later, the Department of Education
(DepEd) remains half-and-half with its attitude toward face-to-face
classes. But perhaps it is right to do so. The Department’s latest
pronouncements regarding the upcoming school year favors a mix of in-
person and online classes.
If you are a parent who has been following the discussions regarding the
resumption of classes, you might say, “Nothing new here.” And you
would be right in saying so.
For the past several months now, with the easing of mobility restrictions
due to the pandemic under an Alert Level 1 status, everything seems to
be back to normal. Almost.
Kids are allowed back into public spaces—churches, malls, restaurants
— accompanied by their families. Kids have been given access to
vaccines against Covid. But why are they still not allowed to be back in
their classrooms at a 100-percent level?
Some might argue that there are a lot of factors involved in a classroom
setup different from those in other public spaces, say, like in malls or
parks or restaurants. In schools, students would be mingling with fellow
learners as well as educators. The thing is, with DepEd’s push for fully
inoculating its personnel and teachers — both for public and private
schools — and with vaccines available for children, the classroom setup
seems to be becoming more and more viable as an option.
DepEd recognizes this with its suggestion that students spend some
days back in school and other days of the week learning from home. It
seems to be the safest bet. Although the department is not against face-
to-face classes, it wants to exercise a degree of prudence.
The question is: What difference does it make for the students to be
allowed out on some days compared to being allowed back in school for
a week? Less chances of getting Covid? Maybe.
This is the reason why DepEd continues to push for the vaccination of
younger learners, which to be clear, is completely optional. That being
vaccinated is not even made a requirement for children to return to the
classroom says a lot. Yet, putting all arguments in favor of vaccination
aside, this may be the more probable reason why a blended learning
setup is favored.
DepEd itself, together with the Inter-Agency Task Force for the
Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases (IATF-MEID), seems to
be learning the ropes when it comes to reintegrating students back into
a “new normal” for education. While this is understandable given the
unpredictable nature of a pandemic, the current situation points to a
more stable future, with Covid cases remaining in manageable numbers
compared to those of the past two years.
Perhaps parents — and the learners themselves who are arguably in
need of social interaction from their peers — only need to be patient for
a little while longer, until the “new normal” in education takes on the
semblance of a true normal.
In a Nutshell
Your Task. Share three important ways in writing a good editorial.
Explain how each way can contribute to your writeups.
1. Be decisive
Your editorial needs to take a firm position on your chosen topic. Any time
you mention an opposing view, immediately explain why it is incorrect and
why readers should agree with you instead. Convince readers to consider
your ideas by displaying confidence in your stance.
2. Offer new ideas
During the research process, see if there are any aspects to your issue that
others have not yet discussed. While anyone can have an opinion, adding
something new to a discussion will show that you have put careful thought
into your piece.
3. Provide solutions
If you draw attention to an issue in an editorial, provide possible solutions
to the problem. You want to avoid simply complaining so that the audience
can find value in your work and consider taking action themselves.
Let’s Check
Activity 1. Identify what is asked in the sentence.
Editorial Column 1. This kind of column usually makes use of humor as a
vehicle in driving the columnist’s message. But at the bottom of this
apparently humorous column is invariably a serious matter to which the
columnist wants to call attention.
Opinion column 2. This is also called the “signed editorial column.
Personaity3. This may play up a famous person, his significant
achievements, his activities, dreams, ambition.
Fiscalize 4. The main purpose of the column is to inform, to interpret and to
a large degree, to ________.
Arbiter 5. A columnist must have this characteristic because columns are
opinions, but the opinions must be based on facts and most of the facts are
hard to get.

In a Nutshell
Your Task. After studying this section, share three important things
you learned about writing columns.
1. A column is where a writer expresses their own opinion in few columns
allotted to them by the newspaper organization
2. A columnist is a person who writes for publication in a series, creating an
article that usually offers commentary and opinions. Columns appear in
newspapers, magazines and other publications, including blogs
3. Columns are the most personal of all newspaper writing. It have a very
personal appeal, an authoritative influence, and very useful contribution to
make in spreading news and opinions. It is written to inform, to influence, or
to entertain readers.
Let’s Check
Activity 1. Write T if the statement is TRUE and F if the statement is
FALSE.
__F_1. A lampoon is an exaggerated description, generally by sketching.
__T_2. Editorial cartoons can be found in the editorial page.
__F_3. Editorial cartoon can deal with more than one topic.
__T_4. The purpose of a cartoon is to visualize an idea so you have to limit
the use of words and labels.
_T__5. The name of the cartoonist can be placed on the cartoon, only if the
idea was his.
In a Nutshell
Your Task. After studying this section, share three important things
you learned about cartooning.
1. A good editorial cartoon combines a clear drawing and good writing. A
good editorial cartoon expresses a recognizable point-of-view or opinion.
Artists create editorial cartoons to express their opinions about events in
the news. Editorial cartoons use pictures and text to make a point or raise
questions about a news event.
2. Cartoons make an integral part of newspapers, conveying messages or
expressing public opinion immaculately. They are also considered as the
pictorial overture or introduction to any key event or personality and the
readers love them.
3. A good editorial cartoon combines a clear drawing and good writing. A
good editorial cartoon expresses a recognizable point-of-view or opinion. In
the best instances, the cartoon cannot be read or understood by only
looking at the words or only looking at the picture.

Let’s Check
Activity 1. Multiple Choice
Encircle the letter of your answer.
1. ______ leads are most commonly used in feature stories.
a. Summary b. Novelty c. Grammatical beginning
2. ______ is the adjective that characterizes best a feature story.
a. Informative b. Entertaining c. Instructive d. Advisory
3. A feature story that is based on the timely news happening is ______.
a. Historical essay b. News feature c. Personality sketch
4. A features story usually follows of the _______ structure.
 a. inverted pyramid b. pyramid
5. Personality sketch should be _______.
a. directly descriptive
b. suggestive of the subject through an account of activities
6. Which one portrays the school principal as a humane person?
a. He married in his teens.
b. He is a disciplinarian.
c. He feeds a stray cat from his lunch.
7. A very good angle for a feature story on Andres Bonifacio in connection
with the celebration of Bonifacio Day would be _____.
a. He is known as the “Great Plebeian.”
b. He wanted to be a priest when he was still a teenager.
c. He advocated reforms through violent means.
8. A brief history about the school may be published as _____.
a. side bar b. backgrounder c. interpretation
9. If you were to play up one person in the community, who would you
select?
a. The most handsome guy
b. The rich politician
c. The farmer who has raised the biggest squash
10. A _____ publishes more feature stories than news.
a. newspaper b. tabloid c. magazine

Activity 2. TRUE OR FALSE

On the blank before each number, write T if the statement is true and
F if the statement is false.
__F__1. The chronological order would be better than the inverted pyramid
order for a human interest story.
__F__2. Inanimate object may be the subject matter for human interest
stories.
___F_3. The appeal of feature stories is to particular readers rather than
just to anyone.
___F_4. The perennial topnotcher who tops the honor roll again would
command a better future than a junior student who defended the owner of
his widowed mother from a neighborhood toughie.
__T__5. Dialogue should form part of a human interest story.
__T__6. If the story appeals to the emotions, the feature tends to
sentimentalize.
__T__7. The appeal of the feature story leans on its dramatic quality.
____8. Emphasis on language in feature writing is not so important as in
news writing.
__T__9. As in fiction, the feature writer may use devices such as narration,
suspense, climax, description, etc.
__F__10. Features do not follow any form or style.

Let’s Check
Activity 1. Before each word, write the sports in which the following
terms may be used:
Baseball 1. grounder Swimming 11. breast stroke
Basketball 2. rebound Swimming 12. aquabelles
Boxing 3. uppercut Track; Dashes13. 4 x 100 m.
Basketball 4. lay-up basketball 14. lemon time
Rowing 5. cock swain Golf 15. eagle
Relay race 6. baton Badminton 16. racket
Field 7. javelin Badminton17. single
Basketball 8. zone defense Football18. halfback
Golf 9. hole-in-one Baseball19. bunt
Athletics and Track and field 10. sprinter Volleyball 20. side out

Activity 2. COMPLETION
Fill in each blank with a word or phrase.
1) Basketball was invented game for high school is divided into two
innings.
2) A regulation baseball game for high school is divided into two innings.
3) When an athlete plays for money, he becomes a professional.
4) A sports story written ahead of its schedule is advance story.
5) That which tells how a game was played is a Coverage story.
6) The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)  is the oldest
athletic league of universities in the Philippines.
7) The sports is an international competition intended to develop world
understanding and sportsmanship.
8) There are ten players in softball team. (Only those at the field at a
given time.)
9) The pitcher is considered as the most important player in a baseball
team.
10) Sports competition originated in ancient Greece.
11) Barry Bonds is the king of homeruns. His counterpart in soccer
is Nedrow.
12) A woodpusher is a bad player.
13) When the pitcher throws four “balls” the batter is given 3 walk.
14) The runner to a base may not run outside the baseline to avoid
being tagged out.
15) A basketball player is “graduated” after he has committed six
personal fouls.

Let’s Analyze
Activity 1. Write the name of the game or team referred to in the
following:
Kayaking 1. A contest of speed at sea by manipulating a special type of
boat.
Rowing 2. A contest of speed by a group of rowers using long paddles.
Coxswain3. The man who guides and controls timing of the rowers by
either shouting or beating a drum.
 4x100m relay 4. A contest of a speed through running by teams of four.
Each member runs a 100-m. lap.
baton_5. The piece of wood passed from one runner to another in this
game.
Soccer 6. A game played in an open field with 11 players to a team who
kick or had a ball through a goal to make a score.
Football_7. A game played in an Open field with 11 players to a team who
try to carry or throw a ball through a goal to make a score.
Golf 8. A game played in an open field where the players strike a ball with a
club, intent on rolling this ball into a hole.
Strike zone 9. Particular place for the pitcher while he hurls the ball to the
catcher.

Activity 2. Write the game or sports to which the following terms

belong:
Swimming 1. aqualads Volleyball 6. spike
Golf 2. putt baseball 7. on deck
Baseball 3. tanker Baseball 8. touchdown
Football 4. halfback Basketball 9. lemon time
Soccer 5. shortstop Soccer 10. booter

In a Nutshell
Your Task. After studying this section, share three important things
you learned about writing a sport article which you find as the most
challenging part. Explain your answer.
1. Sports articles and features are about people and the events that bring
these people together. Reporters and columnists capture the challenge and
rivalry, the business and promotion, the ethics and sportsmanship of teams
and individuals. 2. In writing about sports active voice should be used.
Clichés should be avoided. Use colorful verbs – floated, sliced, tiptoed,
sashayed, launched, stroked – to illustrate the movements of the athletes;
however, be aware of language that tries too hard. Pay attention to the
game, especially when you've just started covering a particular sport
3. When writing a sports article, it is your job to obtain the statistics.The
headline should be an abbreviated sentence summarizing the game. The
lead paragraph should tell who, what, when, where.The how and why will
probably be the top players' statistics and the coach's comments.
Let’s Check
Activity 1. Multiple Choice
Encircle the letter of your answer
1. The trend is towards a ________ layout.
a. perfect balance b. streamlined c. circus
2. In a brace (right) makeup, the most important story is at the _______.
a. upper left b. upper right c. lower
right
3. In a _______ layout, little or no grading is done.
a. balance b. brace c. circus
4. The _______ affords better reader comfort.
a. sunken rule b. column rule
5. Skilled makeup editors prepare the layout
a. After copy for a given page has been selected but not yet set
b. When all the gallery proofs are in
 c. As copy come to them
6. When a two-line (24 pts., rom) is placed side by side with another two-
line (24 pts., rom) head, the result is ________.
a. symmetry b. contrast c. tombstone
7. In double spreads like pages 4 and 5 of an eight-page tabloid, Page 4
should _____ laid out independently of page 5.
a. be b. never be c. sometimes be
8. Italics (30 pts.) placed side by side a roman (30 pts.) head is an example
of ______.
a. unity b. movement c. contrast
9. Allowing three columns for one story, two columns for another, and one
column for a third enhances _____.
a. movement b. unity c. emphasis
10. Seas of gray types are to be _______.
a. encouraged b. avoided c. tolerated
11. When a thumbnail cut (less than one column wide) is used, it is best to
______.
a. box or brace it with decorative lines
b. center the cut and leave the white spaces as is
c. move the cut to one edge and have typeset matter beside it
12. To catch attention, the school paper should scream with a banner
_______.
a. in every issue b. occasionally c. never
13. Cuts in tabloids should be ______.
a. surrounded with body types
b. anchored at least on one or two sides
c. allowed to bleed
14. Subheads used to relieve seas of gray types should
a. go with every paragraph
b. recur uniformly say after three inches
c. be at the discretion of the layout editor
15. The ______ is similar in use to the plan or blue print of a house.
a. dummy b. slugsheet c. headline

Let’s Analyze
Activity 1. Match Column A with Column B
1. widow k. an incomplete head that is misleading
2. Jim dash h. a short horizontal line that separates decks of
headlines or items under a headline
3. fathead i. words in the headline are so crowded that there
are no more spaces between words
4. kicker f. same as flag, usually found in the masthead
5. label head j. a short line, part of a headline, placed at the upper
left of the headline proper
6. flop d. inadvertent reversing of photographs
7. logo g. short words or figures standing by themselves at
the end of the line or caption
8. bleeding cut e. cuts or pictures that go over the column or sunken
rule
9. switcheroo c. materials transferred in advertently; e.g., cutlines,
captions, names, titles
10. hammer b. A form of kicker usually bigger than the headline
Let’s Analyze
Activity 1.Answer briefly.
1. Give three (3) uses of pictures and illustrations (cuts) in a
newspaper.
Photographs in Journalism inform, educate and enlighten readers about
current issues and also reflect on the past as well. Photographs in
Newspaper enhance the credibility of the stories. As they depict reality,
they also furnish evidence to show the authenticity of a news story or give
proof of an event that occurred._ Photo Illustration is a general term which
refers to the idea of taking a photograph (or several photographs), and
editing it to turn it into something different. Illustrative photography is often
used in advertising, marketing, book cover art, and even journalism.
Images help illustrate and convey emotion or reasoning behind your post
which helps to convince the viewer of your belief. 
2. Give five (5) qualities or characteristics of a good picture.
1. Display Of Emotion
As human beings, we are drawn to emotion. Whether we’re laughing or
crying, emotion ties each and everyone of us together. Images that capture
genuine displays of emotion often prove timeless, and these meaningful
moments will always capture the audience’s attention.
2. Simple Storytelling

Some of the greatest images simply tell a story. Rather than relying on
great composition or featuring other unique characteristics, they instead
focus on storytelling. Some of the best storytelling images are found in the
news and other sources of photojournalism. From the triumphant shout of a
newly crowned sports champion to a protester standing in front of a tank in
the Tiananmen Square massacre, these images capture and freeze
moments in history for everyone to become a witness.
3. Iconic Moments
When capturing an iconic moment, you are capturing a moment created or
modeled after meaningful moments in pop culture and/or history. Whether it
is a reproduction of a scene from a classic movie or a moment based
around something trendy, these shots allow the audience to feel
emotionally connected to the moment within the imagery.

4.  Juxtaposed/Contrasting Concepts
Some of the most interesting images juxtapose (compare)
completely contrasting objects and concepts. Examples of this
might include a beautiful bride in a completely white and flowing
wedding dress shot in front of a background littered with trash and
graffiti, thus juxtaposing beauty and purity with ugly and
uncleanliness. Or perhaps a homeless person downtown sitting
with all of his belongings with a glowing Merryl Lynch sign in the
background, contrasting utter poverty with a symbol of wealth and
power.

5.  Attention To Detail
In our time and society where everything is about speed and efficiency,
images that capture overlooked detail can be enough to make someone
stop to smell the roses. While pictures of unique and unseen detail is
amazing and breathtaking, you can often get the same reaction out of your
audience by simply shooting the detail in everyday life.

3. Give three (3) ways to crop a picture.

1. Leave out unnecessary details
It’s equally as important to take out any of the unnecessary details that
might distract from the story you’re trying to tell. You don’t want your
photograph to end up in a listicle of funniest photobombs, so scour the
background for anything that might draw focus away from your subject. Pay
close attention to the edges of the photo—the areas furthest away from the
subject are the areas that the photographer are most likely to have
neglected.
2. Don’t always center your subject
Unless the photo you’re cropping is a portrait or a mugshot, there’s not
always a need to make the subject completely centered in the shot. Always
remember that the rule of thirds still applies when you’re cropping a
photograph, so make sure you frame your subject in the areas that are
going to draw the most attention.
3. Crop at eye level
What about when you do want your subject centered, like in a portrait? The
rule of thirds still applies. Make sure the subject is centered at eye level
(one third down the canvas, or the top horizontal line on a rule of thirds
grid). If possible, you’ll want the subject’s eyes to line up with the top two
intersections on the rule of thirds grid. This gives the feeling of eye contact,
which engages and compels the audience
4. What are the two reasons why pictures are cropped?
a. Images might be cropped to magnify the primary subject in an image and
to reduce the angle of view further when a camera lens is not able to
achieve the desired magnification. Image cropping is considered one of the
very few editing actions allowed in photojournalism.
b. Cropping is one of the most basic photo manipulation processes, and it
is carried out to remove an unwanted object or irrelevant noise from the
periphery of a photograph, to change its aspect ratio, or to improve the
overall composition.
5. Give two expressions that should not begin a caption.
1. DO NOT state the obvious. If the photo shows Mary holding an award,
the caption shouldn't be, "Mary holds her award." Instead, tell readers
something they can't see: Describe the significance of the honor and what it
says about your organization. Explain what Mary did to earn it. Or share a
quote from the person who nominated her.

2. DO NOT use labels. For compelling captions, go beyond simply naming

a person, a building or a piece of equipment. At the very least, explain the
basics: who, what, when and where.
Let’s Check
Activity 1. Encircle the letter of your answer that follow journalistic
style. The other answer may be correct, too, but select the one
commonly used by the metropolitan dailies.
1) He graduated from
a. UST b. U.S.T. c. UST.

2) She sold the book at _______ each.

a. 85 centavos b. P.85
3) On his last birthday, he was _______.
a. 17 years, 11 months, 23 days
b. 17 years
c. 17 years 11 months 23 days

4) The noted _____ is also interested in occult science.

a. sculptor, Tolentino b. sculptor Tolentino

5) The seminar will be held ______.

a. from Jan. 10 to 14 b. from Jan. 10 to Jan. 14 c. Jan. 10-
14

6) Who do you think will be the next ______?

a. Vice-President b. vice-president c. Vice President

7) The two jeeps collided at the corner of _______.

a. Recto Avenue and Quezon Boulevard
b. Recto ave. and Quezon blvd.
c. Recto Ave. and Quezon Blvd.

8) The Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor ________.

a. Dec. 1941 b. December, 1941 c. December
1941

9) The parade was held __________.

a. January 1, 1994 b. Jan. 1, 1994

10) The guest speaker was ________.

a. Prof. Sugue
 b. Professor Florencia Sugue
c. Prof. Florencia Sugue

11) The visitors were _________.

a. Mr. and Mrs. Juan Ponce Enrile
b. Senator Juan Ponce Enrile and his wife

12) Dr. Charity Santos, _________ bared initial plans for the
school’s Foundation Day.
a. Principal b. principal

13) The meeting was held in _________.

a. Room 10 at 5 p.m. b. room 10 at 5:00 P.M.

14) When will ________ be celebrated?

a. Boy’s and Girl’s Week b. Boys and Girls Week

15) The news came from ___________.

a. Tarlac Province b. Tarlac province

Let’s Analyze
Activity 1.Style in Spelling
From the words in the parentheses, select the preferred word.
Underline your answer.
1) The (employes, employees) of The Philippine Normal University are
well paid.
2) We should not buy busy blue seal (cigarettes, cigarets).
3) Dr. Bonifacio P. Sibayan has (traveled, travelled) extensively.
4) There was a (kick-off, kickoff) party in his honor.
5) Those were the birthday (celebrants, celebrators).
6) Ten (per cent, percent) of those who took the NSAT failed.
7) How many students (enrolled, enroled) in journalism?
8) The school has a new (guidance counselor, guidance counsellor).
9) (Schoolyear, School Year) 2020 has ended leaving behind it more
honors to the school.
10) A new (editor-in-chief, editor in chief) had been appointed.
In a Nutshell
Your Task. After studying this section, share important things you
learned about the Style Guide. Explain your answer.
A style guide helps to ensure a continuous brand experience. It means that
no matter how, when or where a customer experiences a brand, they are
experiencing the same underlying traits. It's this consistency across every
touch-point that helps build a brand and brand loyalty.