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CHAPTER 1

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Introduction

Almost every household worldwide has a kitchen and is used at least every day. The
kitchen is an important part of the household, for it is where we get our sustenance and
once we have had our fill, we leave it as it is and not knowing the amounts of food waste,
we have emitted from plastic (wrappings, bottles, bags, etc.). This households also shop
frequently to replenish their pantries and stocks. Ignorant on how many waste they carry,
and excess resources bought that will spoil and be discarded. Food waste is a major
problem, it makes up 8% of greenhouse emissions, cost the global economy $940 billion
each year, and 33% of all food globally is wasted every year. Some groups like NEA
(National Environment Agency) and many others has presented a solution, Food Waste
Management. Through this research, we would like to discuss Food Waste Management
further and its benefits social, economics and in your budget.

Food waste is one of the most challenging issues humankind is currently facing
worldwide. Currently, food systems are extremely inefficient: it is estimated that between
one-third and one half of the food produced is lost before reaching a human mouth. The
Sustainable Development Goal 12 ‘Ensure sustainable consumption and production
patterns’ established by the United Nations in 2015 includes a specific target for food
waste reduction: halve per capita global food waste at retail and consumer levels by 2030.
Additionally, it also includes a more general goal to reduce food losses along food supply
chains. Therefore, it is expected that there will be an increasing number of initiatives,
campaigns and legislative developments in order to reach the objectives.

Nevertheless, reduction of the current levels of food waste must be accompanied by

better management of the waste: inevitably there will always be some food waste.
Furthermore, some parts of the food products are inedible and will unavoidably become a
waste stream. There are countless alternatives to manage food waste, however the most

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common solution worldwide is still landfilling, which is highly damaging to the

environment and poses a risk to human health, whereas it does not provide any
benefit. Despite the progress achieved in recent years to find alternative solutions,
particularly in developed nations, better management of food waste in supply chains is
still required.

The researchers believed that the Sustainable management of food waste is a momentous
research area that has rapidly grown over recent years. Meritorious examples of research
aiming to find sustainable solutions for food waste management are numerous, but they
have been generally inclined to investigate only one area of sustainability: environmental,
economic or social ramifications.

As much as one-third of the food intentionally grown for human consumption is never
consumed and is therefore wasted, with significant environmental, social and economic
ramifications. An increasing number of publications in this area currently consider
different aspects of this critical issue, and generally focus on proactive approaches to
reduce food waste, or reactive solutions for more efficient waste management. In this
context, this paper takes an aim of achieving a better understanding of the different types
of food waste and using this knowledge to support informed decisions for more
sustainable management of food waste and discuss its benefits in social, economics and
in your budget. With this aim, existing food waste are differentiated, reviewed and are
analyzed. A systematic methodology to identify types of food waste through
categorization. For each type of food waste characterized, a set of waste management
alternatives are suggested in order to minimize environmental impacts and maximize
social and economic benefits. As a result, types of food waste which could be managed in
a more sustainable manner are identified and recommendations are given.

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Statement of the Problem

One-third of the food intentionally grown for human consumption is never consumed and
is therefore wasted, with significant environmental, social and economic ramifications.
Solid waste management is a universal issue that matters to every single person in the
world. And with over 90% of waste openly dumped or burned in low-income countries, it
is the poor and most vulnerable who are disproportionately affected. While this is a topic
that people are aware of, waste generation is increasing at an alarming rate.

GENERAL PROBLEM

1. Why we should implement and do food waste management?

SPECIFIC PROBLEMS

2. What are the ways to do food waste management?

3. What are the positive/negative economic ramifications in food waste management?

4. What are the positive/negative environmental impacts in food waste management?

5.  What are the positive/negative social considerations in food waste management?

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SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

These are the most likely beneficiary of our study/research about food waste management

 Household- A great way to reduce carbon footprints, plastic, and other waste. Taken
successfully practice recycling and maintain a clean kitchen environment.
 Community- It reduces wastes and maintains cleanliness of our surroundings. A great
way to enhance knowledge on how proper disposal works.


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THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Waste Management Theory (WMT) has been introduced to channel environmental sciences into
engineering design. WMT is a unified body of knowledge about waste and waste management. It
is an effort to organise the diverse variables of the waste management system as it stands today.
WMT is considered within the paradigm of Industrial Ecology, and built side-by-side with other
relevant theories, most notably Design Theory. Design Theory is a relatively new discipline, still
under development. Following its development offers valuable insights about evolving technical
theories. According to Love (2002), it is crucial to theory development to integrate theories from
other bodies of knowledge, as well as the clarification of the definitions of core concepts, and
mapping out key issues, such as domains, epistemologies and ontologies. At the present stage of
WMT development, scientific definitions of key concepts have been offered, and evolving of
WMT under the paradigm of Industrial Ecology is in progress. The function of science is to build
up systems of explanatory techniques; a variety of representative devices, including models,
diagrams and theories (Toulmin 1953). Theories can be considered milestones of scientific
development. Theories are usually introduced when previous study of a class of phenomena has
revealed a system of uniformities. The purpose of theory is then to explain systems of
regularities that cannot be explained with scientific laws (Hempel 1966). Formally, a scientific
theory may be considered as a set of sentences expressed in terms of a specific vocabulary.
Theory will always be thought of as formulated within a lingustic framework of a clear specified
logical structure, which determines, in particular, the rules of deductive inference. (Hempel,
1965) Take the example of the definition of waste. The European Commission and Member
States were gathered for a two-day workshop in Leipzig on February 25-26 2004, to discuss the
classification of treatment operations and of the waste definition. One of the observations of the
Leipzig workshop was that “using the definition of waste is a tricky affair when determining
when something becomes waste and when it stops being waste.” To the first situation belongs
among others the placing of re-use, the application of the definition of waste to end-of- life
vehicles. To the second belong for example treated construction and demolition waste (ISWA
2004). The basic proposal of WMT is that it is able to define waste unambiguously. Four waste
classes have been defined

Eva Pongracz, Paul S. Phillips, Ritta L. Keiski (2004) “Food waste within food supply chain”

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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

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CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

FOREIGN REVIEW

A Methodology for Sustainable Management of Food Waste (Authors: Guillermo Garcia-

Garcia, Elliot Woolley, Shahin Rahimifard, James Colwill, Rod White, and Louise Needham)

Using classification and characterization as a method to differentiate kinds of waste and find
solution for each class. Reviews and analyze its own method and correctly apply it.

Food Waste Management Strategies (Authors: National Environment Agency)

Showing different steps of strategies to avoid wasting food onset. The adoption of smart food
purchase, storage and preparation habits that help consumers save money while reducing food
wastage at source.

THE ASIAN COUNTRIES ON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT (Author: Waste Disposal

Act)

Generally from the asian countries Solid wasting outstripped the collection by the disposal
capacity it can cause an open water, air pollution from burning, leaching into the groundwater,
spreading of insects as disease vectors. From the cities of thailand like bangkok, Chiang Mai etc.
their household wastes ton of 4,350 tons daily due to the rising of the products that they were
made, In asian cities, the municipal solid waste are expected to be double in th e coming years by
30-50 from th uncollectable solid wastes (Rebullida 2002) In asian countries they have so many
ways to keep their wasting material and etc. they are having their wasting system from how they
can keep it.

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT (Author: Environmental Manage System)

As a proof of solid waste management is a global concern countries which is setting their own
actions to be effective in solid waste management program. By the United Nations the volunteers
and partnerships support service from the egypt in (1996), the informal settlers around opened
the dumpsites and earned a living scavenging for the reusable wastes. The evidence that shows
the waste and waste managment are the increasing of greenhouse effect, flooding and etc. The
world face the importance of shifting to alternative managements systems with emphasis on solid

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waste management, at the turn of the new century some countries already introduce innovative
service delivery systems and modes of governance.

LOCAL REVIEW

Payatas Landslide (Author: Dr. Florian Koelsch)

The Payatas dumpsite is located in the North-East of Metro Manila within in the boundaries of
Quezon City on Luzon, the major island of the Philippines. About 1000 t municipal solid waste
per day are delivered to the site, some 15-20% of the total amount of municipal solid waste
(MSW) generated in Metro Manila. Around the dumpsite, the City of Payatas B houses 80.000
people, many of them working in waste business like in junk stores or as waste pickers
(scavengers). The scavengers, who have the worst job in this micro-economy often have to live
directly on the open waste surface of the dumpsite. Figure 1 illustrates the housing situation at
the Payatas dumpsite before the landslide.

The Solid Waste Management in the Philippines (Author: AKAP)

A study was made during the 2004, Which states that Philippines lack of comprehensive solid
waste management program. One solid evidence was presented, And it is a place called “ The
Smokey Mountain “. Smokey Mountain can be located in Payatas, It is a place wherein all of the
garbage is stacked up into pile of mountains. Some communities who live near the place, Use
this garbage as a way of living by recycling and selling solid plastics or metals into junk shops,
And some people tend to kill themselves in the process.

Philippines is one of the most over populated countries around the world, More people means
more garbage. We should all be well aware of the importance of Comprehensive solid waste
management to avoid different catastrophes.

Metro Manila waste management ( Author: AKAP )

Metro Manila is one of the largest garbage contributor in the Philippines, By generating almost
7000 metric tons of solid waste daily. Most of these garbage go to a local dump site, But some of
them is being dumped in different bodies of water, Which negatively affects marine life here in
the Philippines.

Many local Governments in Manila had already tried numerous solutions to decrease garbage
pollution. One of those solutions is to implement a law ( RA no. 9003 ) which promotes
ecological solid waste management programs. Some cities in Manila already did some programs
that talks about the importance of implementing solid waste management.

Quezon City on solid waste management ( Author : AKAP )

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