LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET IN SCIENCE 6

QUARTER 2
Skeletal System

I. Learning Competency
Explain how the organs of each organ system work together(S6LT-lIa-b-1)

II. Learning Objectives

Identify the major parts and functions of the skeletal system. (S6LT-lIa-b-1.1)

CSE Integration:
A4A3. Identify the risks and negative consequences of engaging in (risky
sexual and non-sexual) activities before adolescents are physically and emotionally
mature.

Developmental Concepts

Have you observed how houses are built?

What will the construction worker do first?

(Icon Experience 2022)

Observe the framework of the house, how will you compare it to the
framework of the human body?

Is there a framework that provides structure/support to the human body?

The skeletal system is your body’s central framework. It consists of bones

and connective tissue, including cartilage, tendons, and ligaments. (Cleveland
Clinic 2022).

A. Bones

An adult human has 206 bones in their body (Buckley 2021). Bones are
living tissue that makes up the skeleton (Johns Hopkins Medicine 2022). The
human skeleton is made up of bones. It can be divided into two components: the
axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton is formed around

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the central axis of the body and thus includes the skull, spine, and ribcage. It
protects the brain, spinal cord, heart, lungs, esophagus and major sense organs
like the eyes, ears, nose, and tongue. The appendicular skeleton is related to the
limbs and consists of the bones of the arms and legs, as well as the shoulder and
hip girdles (Buckley 2021).

Below is an illustration showing the axial and appendicular skeleton:

(Visible Body 2022)

One of the axial skeletons is the skull which consists of cranium and facial
bones. The cranium is made up of eight bones joined together to form a rigid case
that protects the brain. The face is made up of 14 facial bones. The eye socket
protects the eyeball while mandible or jawbone is movable bone that holds the
teeth (Nancy N. Torres 2019).

The spinal column or vertebrae (neck and backbone) are irregular bones that
protect the spinal cord while the ribcage protects the lungs and the heart.
Vertebrae are arranged on top of the other and move over each other slightly. There
are 33 vertebrae in the spinal column of a child and 26 in an adult. This is so
because as the child grows, the last seven bones join together to form just two
bones. Ribs are the bones at the side of the chest. There are 12 pairs of ribs. The
upper 7 pairs are the true ribs because they are connected to the breastbone and
the last two pairs are not connected. These ribs are called floating ribs. The
shoulder has the collarbone found in front of it. Scapula is the shoulder bone found
at the back of your shoulder (Nancy N. Torres 2019).

The appendages found in the lower extremities are composed of pelvic bones.
Pelvic bones support the lower parts of the body and aid the movement of the legs.
The upper arms have one long bone called the humerus and two bones in the lower
arm are known as the radius and ulna. Radius or radial bone is one of the two

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large bones of the forearm. The other bone is the ulna. The ulna is usually slightly
longer than the radius while the latter is usually thicker (Nancy N. Torres 2019).

The wrist connects the hand to the forearm. Each wrist or carpal consists of
8 bones. The palm or metacarpal has 5 bones (Nancy N. Torres 2019).

Inside the bones are bone marrows that are very important for the body to
manufacture blood cells (Nancy N. Torres 2019). Bone marrow is the spongy tissue
that fills the inside of your bones (Seladi-Schulman 2022).  Bone marrows are of
two types, the red bone marrow and the yellow bone marrow. The red bone marrow
is found in the humerus, femur, pelvis and vertebrae while the yellow bone marrow
is found in many other bones (Nancy N. Torres 2019).

B. Joints

A joint is the part of the body where two or more bones meet to allow
movement. (Better Health Channel 2021). There are three different joint types. The
types of joints are (Cleveland Clinic 2022):

 Immovable joints: Immovable joints don’t let the bones move at all, like the
joints between your skull bones.
 Partly movable joints: These joints allow limited movement. The joints in
your rib cage are partly movable joints.
 Movable joints: Movable joints allow a wide range of motion. Your elbow,
shoulder, and knee are movable joints.

C. Cartilage

Cartilage is a strong, flexible connective tissue that protects your joints and
bones. It acts as a shock absorber throughout your body. Cartilage at the end of
your bones reduces friction and prevents them from rubbing together when you use
your joints (Cleveland Clinic 2022).

D. Ligaments

Ligaments are bands of strong connective tissue that hold bones or connect

bones together (Cleveland Clinic 2022).

E. Tendons

Tendons are bands of tissue that connect the ends of a muscle to your bone
(Cleveland Clinic 2022).

The human skeletal system has several important functions (Nancy N. Torres
2019).

1. Support -The skeletal system provides the framework which supports and
maintains shape of the body. It gives the body much needed support.

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 2. Protection -The skeletal system protects the internal organ of the body.

3. Movement- The skeletal system provides an attachment for the muscle

which makes body movements possible.

4. Storage and Supply- The skeletal system stores important minerals like
calcium and phosphorus and produces both red and white blood cells.

III. Developmental Activities

Activity 1. Let’s Examine!
Directions: Answer the following questions.
1. What are the two major divisions of the human skeleton?

__________________________________________________________________________________

2. How can you differentiate the bones in the axial from the bones in the
appendicular?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

3. What are the 4 functions of the skeletal system?

__________________________________________________________________________________

4. What are the 5 parts of the skeletal system?

__________________________________________________________________________________

5. Give one importance of the bone marrow.

__________________________________________________________________________________

(CSE Integration)

At a very young age - some of the children are already engaging to some activities
that are unhealthy to the body. Some of these activities include risky sexual
activities and non-sexual activities.

Risky sexual activity is doing sexual activities that could spread diseases or causes
physical or emotional harm (Joseph Brito III 2022).

6 – 10. Identify the effects of the following activities/situations. Write a mark

in the YES column if the activity/situation can cause harm in our skeletal system
and an X mark if not.

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 Activities Yes No

1. Daily exercise.

2. Physical violence among couples due to

early and unprepared marriage.

3. Eating calcium-rich foods.

4. Getting pregnant at a very young age.

5. Child labor because of early marriage.

Activity 2. Let’s Match!

Directions: Study the name of the bones inside the box. Classify them into Axial or
Appendicular. Write your answer in your Science Journal.

skull humerus carpal femur ribs

tibia spine scapula tarsal ulna

Axial Appendicular

Ex. skull femur

(Nancy N. Torres 2019)

Activity 3. Level UP!

General Directions: Answer each activity levels. Gain a score of 4 or 5 before

proceeding to the next level. Repeat the activity if you earn a score below 4. Request
assistance from any member of your family in accomplishing this activity.

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Level 1.

Directions: Read the statements carefully. Write TRUE if the statement is correct
and FALSE if not.

_____1. Bones enable human for movement.

_____2. The appendicular skeleton includes the skull, rib cage, and spine.

_____3. The axial skeleton is composed of the shoulder, pelvic girdle, backbone,
skull, and rib cage.

_____4. Cartilage is a strong, flexible connective tissue that protects your joints and
bones. It acts as a shock absorber throughout your body.

_____5. Ligaments are bands of strong connective tissue that hold bones or connect
bones together.

Level 2.

Directions: Match the parts of the human skeleton in column A with the functions
in column B. Write your answer on the space provided before the number

A B

___1. mandible A. protects the eyes

___2. pelvis B. protects the brain

___3. rib cage C. protects the lungs and the heart

___4. Skull E. is a movable bone that holds the teeth

___5. Spinal column D. are irregular bones that protect the spinal cord

F. support the lower parts of the body and aid the

movement of the legs

Level 3.

Directions: Below are some of the organs of the body. Write the particular bone
that protects each organ.

Organs Bones

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 Heart 1.

Lungs 2.

Brain 3.

Eyes 4.

Internal reproductive organ 5.

IV. Assessment

A. Directions: Read each statement carefully and choose the best answer. Write
your answer on a sheet of paper.

1. The connective tissue which connects a muscle to a bone is the

a. joint c. tendon
b. blood d. ligament
c.
2. What do you call the place where two bones meet?
a. cartilage c. joint
b. medullary cavity d. periosteum

3. What tissue serves as soft protective pad found at the end of the bones where
they meet?
a. cartilage c. muscle
b. ligament d. tendon

4. Which bone protects the heart and lungs?

a. pelvis c. rib cage
b. cranium d. spinal column

5. The soft center of a bone is the

a. marrow c. tendon
b. cartilage d. ligament

6. Which organs are protected by the rib cage?

a. heart and lungs c. ovaries and testes
b. brain and spinal cord d. small and large intestines

7. If there were no bones, the muscles would drop to the ground. Which function
of the bone is shown here?
a. protects the heart and lungs

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 b. forms a strong case for delicate organs
c. provides leverage for movement of muscles
d. provides anchor to which muscles are attached
8. It is estimated that there are __________ bones in an adult.
d. l06 c. 306
e. 206 d. 406
9. The skeletal system protects the internal organ of the body, what function of the
skeletal system is this?
a. support c. storage
b. protection d. movement
10. _________ is component of the skeletal system formed around the central axis of
the body and thus includes the skull, spine, and ribcage.

a. axial c. joint
b. appendicular d. ligament

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References
2021. Better Health Channel.
https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/
joints.

Buckley, Gabe. 2021. Biology Dictionary. January 15. Accessed October 9, 2022.
https://biologydictionary.net/skeletal-system/.

2022. Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/23173-

cartilage#:~:text=Cartilage%20is%20a%20strong%2C%20flexible,when
%20you%20use%20your%20joints.

2022. Icon Experience. Accessed October October 7, 2022, 2022.

https://www.iconexperience.com/v_collection/icons/?
icon=house_framework.

2022. Johns Hopkins Medicine.

https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/anatom
y-of-the-bone#:~:text=Bone%20is%20living%20tissue%20that,Cancellous
%20tissue.

Joseph Brito III, Jenna Fletcher. 2022. Medical news Today. January 26.
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322647.

2016. Max Pixel. Accessed March 8, 2022. https://www.maxpixel.net/Plant-

Flower-Pot-Flower-Clipart-Clipart-Pot-Flower-6116806.

Nancy N. Torres, Judy C. Villanueva, Jamicah,B. Barcenal, Juliemar D. Lestimoso.

2019. Quarter 2 – Module 1: The Human Body Systems: Skeletal Systems .
Region VI - Western Visayas.

Seladi-Schulman, Jenneh Rishe and. 2022. Healthline. February 7. Accessed

October 9, 2022. https://www.healthline.com/health/function-of-bone-
marrow.

2022. Visible Body. Accessed October 7, 2022.

https://stock.adobe.com/images/divisions-of-appendicular-and-axial-
skeletal-system-labeled-explanation/360488976?
as_campaign=ftmigration2&as_channel=dpcft&as_campclass=brand&as_sou
rce=ft_web&as_camptype=acquisition&as_audience=users&as_content=closu
re_ass.

District Learning Resource Development Team

Author’s Name: JECONIAH A. ADONA

Lay-out Artist: JECONIAH A. ADONA

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 ARLUZ V. REVILLE
Content Reviewers and Evaluators:
ALINDA C. BERNASOL

Language Reviewers and Evaluators: ROSSANA A. PESTILOS

Lay-out and Design Reviewers and

DORAMIE T. ALCARAZ
Evaluators:

ARLENE S. DE PAZ

MARIBEL L. AMISTOSO

JOEL P. SILVIO

STEPHANIE L. MANITO
Management Team:
MELIZA C. CAMBA

MICHELLE GRACE M. TIOZON

RUTH GLADYS L. CRUDA

ETHEL S. DELA CRUZ

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