MATH 9 Q4 Module 3-4 Illustrating Angle of Elevation and Angle of Depression
MATH 9 Q4 Module 3-4 Illustrating Angle of Elevation and Angle of Depression
Mathematics – Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Modules 3-4: Illustrating Angles of Elevation and Angles of Depression
First Edition, 2021
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Mathematics
Quarter 4 - Modules 3 - 4
Illustrating Angles of Elevation and
Angles of Depression
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, dear learners, can
continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each
lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step
as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM.
This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need
to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the
lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that
you will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teachers are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they
can best help you on your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of
this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercise and tests.
Read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
What I Need to Know
This module provides varied activities that will help you learn about angles of
elevation and angles of depression.
After finishing this module, you are expected to:
• identify angles of elevation and angles of depression;
• illustrate angles of elevation and angles of depression; and
• solve real world problems involving angles of elevation and angles of
depression.
What I Know
Let us find out how much you already know about this module.
Directions: Answer the following questions. Write the letter of your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.
__________ 1. What angle is formed from the horizontal down to the line of sight from the
observer to an object below?
a. Acute angle c. Angle of elevation
b. Angle of depression d. Line of sight
__________ 2. What angle is formed from the horizontal up to the line of sight from the
observer to an object above?
a. Acute angle c. Angle of elevation
b. Angle of depression d. Line of sight
30°
d
b. d.
54°
20°
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__________ 5. Which of the following figure shows angle of elevation?
600
600
a. c.
53°
34°
b. d.
__________ 6. Which trigonometric equation can be used to find the value of x in the given
figure below?
x
420
� �
a. Cos 420 = �
c. Sin 420 = �
� �
c. Sin 420 = �
d. Tan 420 = �
_________ 7. Which equation can be used to find the height of the mountain (x) if Andrei
stands 926 meters from a point directly below the peak of a mountain and the
angle of elevation between Andrei and the top of the mountain is 42°?
��� ���
a. cos 48º = � c. tan 42º = �
� �
b. sin 42º = ���
d. tan 42º = ���
__________ 9. How many meters would the bird traveled if a bird flew from Andrei’s position
to the top of the mountain? (Refer to problem 7)
a. 408.4 m b. 1,246.1 m c. 1,280 m d. 1,383.9 m
__________10. A submarine starts on the surface, and dives at an angle of 130 to the
surface. It goes diagonally a distance of 890 meters before reaching the
bottom. How deep is the water where the submarine reaches the bottom?
a. 20.2 m b. 200.2 m c. 2002 m d. 2020 m
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__________11. How far is it along the ocean surface from the point where the submarine
started to the point directly above where it reached the bottom? (Refer to
problem 10)
a. 769.2 m b. 867.2 m c. 876.5 m d. 896.3 m
__________ 12. What is asked in the given problem: How high is the kite if its string
is 100 meters long and it makes an angle of 60° with horizontal?
a. The distance of the kite from C c. The length of the string
b. The height of the kite d. The size of the kite
__________ 13. Which equation can be used to find the unknown in problem no. 12?
� �
a. Cos 600 = ��� c. Sin 600 = ���
��� ���
b. Sin 600 = �
d. Tan 600 = �
___________14. From the top of a lighthouse,120 m above the sea, the angle of depression
of a boat is 150. How far is the boat from the lighthouse?
a. 447.8 ft b. 463.6 ft c. 447.8 m d. 463.6 m
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What’s In
Before we go through this module, let us recall the concepts on Trigonometric Functions.
2
600
1 1
45 300
B. In the given figure below, let θ be an acute angle. Determine the six trigonometric
functions of θ. Choose the answers from the box below.(Remember: SOHCAHTOA)
7 25 �� � �� ��
�� �� � ��
� �� ��
θ �� �� �
24
24
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What’s New
Is it possible to find out how far away your camp using this information? ( Assume that the
trail you hiked is slanted like the side of a triangle.)
adjacent side
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What is It
Illustrating Angles of Elevation and Angles of Depression
In this lesson, you will encounter two new vocabulary terms that may appear in
application problems - the angle of elevation and angle of depression. Both are often used in
word problems, especially those involving a person’s line of sight as they look up or down at
an object. We are going to talk about applications of these trigonometric functions and
right triangles. We will see the applications of SOHCAHTOA and how it plays an important
role into this beautiful world that we live in,the reference angle, and distances.
TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS are used to calculate distances by finding an
angle determined by a horizontal (x distance) and a line of sight (hypotenuse).
Angle of Elevation
An ANGLE of ELEVATION is the angle between the horizontal line from the observer and the
line of sight of an object that is above the horizontal line.
Example 1
A nursery plants a new tree and attaches a guy SOLUTION:
wire to help support the tree while its roots take • A "guy" wire is a support wire used to
hold. An eight foot wire is attached to the tree and hold a newly planted tree in place,
to a stake in the ground. From the stake in the preventing it from bending or up-rooting
ground the angle of elevation of the connection during high winds.
with the tree is 42º. Find to the nearest tenth of a • The "angle of elevation" is from the
foot, the height of the connection point on the tree. ground up.
• It is assumed that the tree is vertical,
making it perpendicular with the ground.
• This problem deals with "opposite" and
"hypotenuse" making it a sine problem.
8 ft ��������
Sin 420 = ����������
x
420 �
Sin 420 = �
x = 8 Sin 420
x = 8(0.669)
x 5.4 ft
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Example 2:
SOLUTION:
You are on a trip through a desert. At a distance • Remember that the "angle of elevation"
x, you can see mountains, and quick is from a horizontal line of sight upward.
measurement tells you that the angle between the • It is assumed that the mountain is
mountain top and the ground is 130. You know vertical, making it perpendicular with the
that the highest point (the centre) of the mountain ground.
is 2500m high. How far away are you from the • This solution deals with “opposite” and
centre of the mountain to the nearest meter? “adjacent” making it a tangent problem.
��������
Tan 130 =
��������
����
Tan 130 = �
130 ����
x= ��� ���
X
����
x= �.�����
x 10829 m
Example 3:
SOLUTION:
A 14 foot ladder is used to scale wall. The foot of • In this problem place xº where
the ladder is 13 ft away from the base of the wall the ladder meets the wall. Do not assume
At what angle of elevation must the ladder be that the angle will always be at the ground
situated in order to reach the top of the wall? level.
( Find angle to the nearest degree) • It is assumed that the wall is
perpendicular with the ground.
• The foot of the ladder is the bottom of
the ladder, where it hits the ground.
• This solution deals with "adjacent" and
"hypotenuse" making it a cosine problem.
��������
Cos x0 = ����������
��
Cos x0 =
x0 ��
13 ft Cos x0 = 0.9286
x0 = cos-1(0.9286)
x0 220
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Problem that composed of two overlapping right triangles.
Example 4:
A radio station tower was built in two sections. From a point 87 feet from the base of the tower,
the angle of elevation of the top of the first section is 25º, and the angle of elevation of the top
of the second section is 40º. To the nearest foot, what is the height of the top section of the
tower?
Notice, in this problem, that
the trigonometric functions
could not work directly on the
side labeled "x" because that
x side was NOT the side of a
right triangle.
400
250
87 ft
SOLUTION:
• Think of this problem as working with two separate triangles:
Solve for the vertical heights (b and a) in the two separate triangles.
• The needed height, x, of the second (top) section of the tower will be the difference between
the ENTIRE height, b, and the height of the first (bottom) section, a. You will need to subtract.
• In both triangles, the solution deals with "opposite" and "adjacent" making it a tangent
problem.
A. Larger triangle with height b: (represents a triangle with 40º angle and a vertical side that
represents the ENTIRE height, b, of the tower).
Tan 400 =
b = 87 Tan 400 b
b = 87 (0.8391) 400
b 73.0 ft
87 ft
B. Smaller triangle with height a: (represents the smaller triangle with the 25º angle and a
vertical side, a, that represents the height of the first (bottom) section of the tower).
Tan 250 =
a = 87 Tan 250
a = 87 (0.4663)
a
a 40.6 ft 250
87 ft
C. Difference (b - a)
73.0 - 40.6 = 32.4
x ≈ 32 feet
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Angle of Depression
An ANGLE of Depression is the angle between the horizontal line from the observer and the
line of sight of an object that is below the horizontal line.
Notice that horizontal line in the angle of depression diagram is PARALLEL to the ground level.
Recall: Horizontal lines are always parallel guarantees that the alternate interior angles are
equal in measure. Simply stated, this means that….
the angle of elevation = the angle of depression
When solving a problem with an angle of depression you need to find the measure of an
angle INSIDE the triangle. There are two options illustrated below.
Recall: Complementary Angles - “the sum of the measures of the two angles equal to 900 “.
Alternate interior angles are congruent.
Example 1
From the top of a lighthouse, 40 ft above the sea, the angle of depression of a boat is 380.
How far is the boat from the lighthouse?
Tan 520 =
x = 40 Tan 520
x x = 40 (1.2799)
x 51 ft
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Apply: Alternate interior angles are
Option 2 congruent and the angle of depression is
equal to the angle of elevation. Therefore,
the angle of elevation is 38º.
��������
380 Tan 380 = ��������
Tan 380 =
��
x= ��� ���
380
x 51 ft
x
Notice that both options, have the same
answer.
Example 2
From the top of a vertical cliff 40 m high, the Apply: Alternate interior angles are
angle of depression of an object that is level congruent and the angle of depression is
with the base of the cliff is 34º. How far is the equal to the angle of elevation. Therefore,
the angle of elevation is 34º.
object from the base of the cliff?
��������
Tan 340 = ��������
340
��
Tan 340 = �
40 m ��
x = ��� ���
��
x = �.����
x
x 59.3 dm
Remember:
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Horizontal Line
Angel of Elevation
Angle of Elevation
Horizontal Line
What’s More
Now that you are equipped with knowledge on angles of elevation and angles of
depression, you are now ready to take the next challenge.
I L
V E
A C
R E
R P
A Y
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L O
E V
O H
P E
1)
2) A
3)
12
4)
A
5)
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Independent Assessment 2: Draw Me!
Directions: Draw the pictures presented by the information in the given problems. Assume
that buildings, ladders, etc. are all on level ground. Use separate sheet for
your answers.
1. 2. 2.
A man drives 500 m along a A kite flying at a height of 65
road which is inclined 200 to m is attached to a string
the horizontal. How high inclined at 31° to the
above his starting point is he? horizontal. What is the length
of string ?
5.
A passenger in a helicopter shines a light
on a car stranded 45 ft from a point just
below the helicopter. If the helicopter is
hovering at 85 ft., what is the angle of
depression from the light source to the
car?
1) 4.
A 100 ft. building casts a 300 ft. shadow from the sun. What is the
angle of depression?
2)
A kite flying at a height of 65 m is attached to a string inclined at 310 to
the horizontal. What is the length of a string?
3)
From the top of a lighthouse, 120 m above the sea, the angle of
depression of a boat is 150. How far is the boat from the lighthouse?
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4)
A 14 foot ladder is used to scale a 13 foot wall. At what angle of
elevation must the ladder be situated in order to reach the top of the
wall?
5)
A balloon is connected to a meteorological station by a cable of length
200 m inclined at 60 degree angle. Find the height of the balloon from
the ground. (Imagine that there is no slack in the cable)
A Let’s multiply our heart with love Find the value of x in the given figure.
and forgiveness
10 ft.
58°
x
B And divide the memories of A 200 ft high television transmitting tower is to be
hatred in the past. supported by guy wires running from the ground to
the top of the tower. The wires make an angle of 630
with the ground. How long is each wire?
C You add happiness in my life Find the value of x in the given figure.
x
300
15 m
D That’s the magic of love A tree 100 ft tall casts a shadow 120 ft long. Find the
angle of elevation of the sun.
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DECODER
MATHEMATICS OF LOVE
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________.
Generalization
Directions: Complete the sentences in order to determine what you have learned. Write
your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
An angle of An angle of
elevation is depression is
___________ ___________
___________ ___________
____ ____
What I Can Do
Application to Real-World
Directions: Perform the following.
1. Measure the height of a member in the family.
2. Measure his/her shadow.
3. Use your knowledge of trigonometric ratios to determine the angle of elevation from the
ground to the persons’ full height.
4. Sketch a picture of the situation to help you in your computation.
5. Design a real world problem to represent/model the scenario.
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Rubric for Real-Life Situation Involving Angles of Elevation and Angles of Depression
5 4 3 2
The scenario is The scenario is clear The scenario is not The scenario is not
clear, realistic and but the use of angle so clear, and the use clear and the use of
the use of angle of of elevation and of angle of elevation angle of elevation is
elevation and other other mathematical is not illustrated. not illustrated.
mathematical concepts are not
concepts are properly illustrated.
properly illustrated.
Assessment
Directions: Answer the following questions. Write the letter of your answers on a separate
sheet of paper.
__________ 1. Which of the following represent complementary angles?.
a. A = 1200, B = 600 c. E = 450, F = 450
b. C = 1350, D = 450 d. G = 890, H = 110
__________ 2. What angle is formed from the horizontal up to the line of sight from the
observer to an object above?
a. Acute angle c. Angle of elevation
b. Angle of depression d. line of sight
__________4. Which of the following situations DO NOT represent the angle of elevation?
a. Anna sees a bird in the sky.
b. Frank saw a shooting star.
c. Raine stands on top of a cliff looking out into the ocean.
d. You are looking up at the top of a building.
210
b. d. 270
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__________ 7. From the top of a vertical cliff 40 m high, the angle of depression of an object
that is level with the base of the cliff is 34º. How far is the object from the
base of the cliff?
a. 59.3 m b. 63.5 m c. 69.3 m d. 73.3 m
__________ 9. A plane is flying over level ground at an altitude of 900m. When the pilot
sights a landing field, the measure of the angle of depression is 270. Which
of the following best represent the situation?
a. b. c. d.
900 m 27⁰
27⁰ 27⁰
27⁰
900 m
__________10. What is the distance, to the nearest meter, from the point on the ground
directly under the pilot to the landing field? (Refer to problem 9)
a. 769.2 m b. 876.5 m c. 1278.1 m d. 1766.3 m
__________11. A tree 50m high casts a 35m shadow. What is the measure of the angle of
elevation of the sun, to the nearest degree?
a. 550 b. 660 c. 1200 d. 2020
13 ft.
__________13. What is the value of x in problem number 12? (To the nearest feet)
a. 13.8 ft b. 14 ft c. 38.0 ft d. 39 ft
31⁰
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Additional Activities
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Answer Key
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References
A. Books
Ayres, Frank Jr. and Moyer Robert E. Schaum’s Outlines of Theory and Problems of
Trigonometry. Third Edition. McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., USA
Bryant, Merden L., et al. (2014) Mathematics Learner’s Manual, Module 7:Trigonometry.
First Edition. Vibal Group Inc., Philippines
Dauhtrey, Katie Kee. (2016) Interactive Notebook Math 9. Carson-Dellosa Publishing LLC,
Greensbor, NC, USA
Hayden, Jerome D. and Hall, Bettye C. Prentice Hall Trigonometry. Low Price Edition.
Pearson Education Pte Ltd. Anvil Publishing, Inc., Pasig City Philippines
Pallera Soledad I. PhD. (2006) Pathways to Mathematics II. St. Bernadette Publications Inc.,
Cubao, QC, Philippines
Rees and Rees. Trigonometry. Second Edition. Prentice-Hall, Inc., New Jersey, USA
B. Electronic Sources
Ck-12. 2012. “Angles of Elevation and Depression.” Uploaded Sept. 26, 2012.
https://www.ck12.org/trigonometry/angles-of-elevation-and-depression/
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